Sowing Date and Maize Productivity: I. Crop Growth and Dry Matter Partitioning

Variation in yield of irrigated grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) grown during the dry season in tropical Australia was analysed in terms of the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) intercepted, its efficiency of use in dry matter production and the proportion of dry matter partitioned to grain. Three commercial hybrids (Texas 610SR, Dekalb DK55, Pacific Monsoon) grown under favourable conditions on two soil types (Cununurra Clay and Ord Sandy Loam) yielded similarly, but there was a significant effect of sowing date. Grain yield was highest (9.5 t ha-1 at 14% moisture) in the May sowing, with the lowest yield (7.4 t ha-1) being obtained in the April sowing. Yield was intermediate from a July sowing. Differences in grain yield across the dry season were not related to the amount of PAR intercepted, nor to the efficiency of conversion of intercepted PAR into net aboveground dry matter, but rather to differences in dry matter partitioning. A stable efficiency of conversion of 2.4 g MJ-1 of intercepted PAR was recorded for the entire crop cycle for sorghum crops growing under favourable growing conditions in this environment. This conversion efficiency for a tropical C4 cereal is similar to maximum values, but higher than average conversion efficiencies over the entire crop cycle obtained for temperate C3 cereals growing in temperate regions. Temperature did not affect this conversion efficiency, but had a pronounced effect on the duration of crop development.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen Defeciency in Maize: I. Effects on Crop Growth, Development, Dry Matter Partitioning, and Kernel Set

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183x003500050020x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 1376-1383 ◽

Cited By ~ 168

Author(s):

Sergio Adolfo Uhart ◽

Fernando Héctor Andrade

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Growth Development ◽

Kernel Set

Download Full-text

Growth and dry matter partitioning in selected soybean (Glycine max L.) genotypes

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v40i3.25409 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 333-345

Author(s):

MSA Khan ◽

MA Karim ◽

MM Haque ◽

AJMS Karim ◽

MAK Mian

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Area Index ◽

Crop Growth Rate

The experiment was conducted at the experimental site of Agronomy Department, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Salna, Gazipur during the period from January to June 2011 to evaluate twenty selected soybean genotypes in respect of growth, dry matter production and yield. Genotypic variations in plant height, leaf area index, dry matter and its distribution, crop growth rate and seed yield were observed. The plant height ranged from 40.33 to 63.17 cm, leaf area index varied from 3.01 to 8.13 at 75 days after emergence, total dry matter ranged from 12.25 to 24.71 g per plant at 90 days after emergence (DAE). The seed yield ranged from 1745 to 3640 kg per hectare. The genotypes BGM 02093, BD 2329, BD 2340, BD 2336, Galarsum, BD 2331 and G00015 yielded 3825, 3447, 3573, 3737, 3115, 3542 and 3762 kg per hectare, respectively and gave higher than others contributed by higher crop growth rate with maximum number of filled pods. Seed yield of soybean was positively related to total dry matter at 45 DAE (Y = 632.19 + 659.31X, R2= 0.46) and 60 DAE (Y= 95.335 + 405.53X, R2 = 0.48). The filled pods per plant had good relationship with seed yield (Y = 1397 + 41.85X, R2 = 0.41) than other components.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 333-345, September 2015

Download Full-text

Partitioning of dry matter into primary branches and pod initiation on the main inflorescence of Lupinus angustifolius

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9920685 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 685 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A Pigeaire ◽

M Seymour ◽

R Delane ◽

CA Atkins

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Plant Density ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Main Stem ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Total Growth

The hypothesis that pod load on the main inflorescence of Lupins angustifolius (L.) is negatively coupled to the amount of dry matter partitioned into primary branches was tested. Growth rates of main stem and primary branches during the period of pod initiation were measured in a series of field experiments at two different sites. Variation in pod set was generated experimentally by varying sowing date or density and by using four cultivars (Yandee, Danja, Gungurru and Warrah). The cultivars differed in their total growth rate, but not in the way dry matter was partitioned into main stem and primary branches. In contrast, significant variation in dry matter partitioning was observed for cv. Danja tested across site and sowing date. With increased plant density, at the same sowing date, the proportion of dry matter allocated to branches increased consistently, even though it decreased in absolute terms, and the number of pods initiated on the main infloresence also decreased consistently. Thus a negative relationship between pod load and the proportion of dry matter allocated into branches was observed as a result of variation in density. However, there was no consistent relationship when variations in pod load were induced by site, date of sowing or cultivar. These data are interpreted to indicate that increased pod initiation on the main inflorescence is not necessarily coupled with decreased partitioning of dry matter into primary branches.

Download Full-text

Relationship between yield, growth and spike weight in wheat under phosphorus deficiency and shading

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859609990402 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 148 (1) ◽

pp. 83-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L. LÁZARO ◽

P. E. ABBATE ◽

D. H. COGLIATTI ◽

F. H. ANDRADE

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phosphorus Deficiency ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Grain Number ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Crop Growth Rate ◽

Intercepted Radiation

SUMMARYThe effect of phosphorus deficiency on yield formation in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Prointa Oasis) was investigated, focusing on crop growth and dry matter partitioning during the spike growth period (SGP), which is critical for grain number determination. Two experiments combining shading and P deficiency were performed at Balcarce, Argentina (37°45′S). The main treatments were two levels of soil P-availability: low P, a naturally low P fertility soil (7·0 and 5·5 mg Bray extractable P/kg soil, in the first and second experiments respectively) and high P, a P dose that does not limit growth. The sub-treatments were two levels of radiation (shaded and control). Phosphorus deficiency affected yield mainly through the number of grains/unit surface (m2). Differences in grain number/m2 were related to differences in dry weight of spikes/m2, measured 7 days after anthesis, excluding grain weight. The duration of the SGP did not change much as result of P deficiency: 27 days with high P and only 3 days more with low P. Therefore, changes in spike dry weight were mainly due to differences in spike growth rate. In turn, the spike growth rate of all treatments was linearly related to crop growth rate, with little effect of dry matter partitioning to spikes. Finally, differences in crop growth rate between P treatments were mainly determined by the amount of intercepted radiation. It was concluded that P deficiency resulted in a reduction in intercepted radiation during the SGP, thus causing a reduction in grain number and crop yield.

Download Full-text

Dry matter accumulation and water use relationships in wheat crops

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9790815 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 815 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

AD Doyle ◽

RA Fischer

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Use ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Plant Density ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Soil Evaporation ◽

Total Solar Radiation ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Area Index

In order to better understand crop growth (dry matter accumulation, DM), crop evapotranspiration (Et), and their interrelationships, we studied dryland crops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Timgalen) sown at various dates and seeding densities in each of three years at Tamworth, N.S.W. Soil water stress was minimal before anthesis in each year, but in two years substantial stress arose before maturity. DM was increased consistently by increased plant density, and decreased at anthesis and maturity by later sowing. Crop growth rates determined over 2-week intervals around anthesis ranged from 3 to 20 g m-2 d-1, representing a range in efficiency of utilization of intercepted total solar radiation of 0.48 to 2.35%, variation which was adequately explained (R2 = 0.80) by ontogeny (days from anthesis) and Et / Ep ratio (Ep = class A pan evaporation). Et at anthesis, but not at maturity, was increased slightly by higher seedmg density; crop Et was not consistently affected by sowing date. Et / Ep over 2-week periods around anthesis was related to leaf area index, and to a lesser extent to available soil water and Ep (R2 = 0.58). For the period from the first sowing date in June or July until the middle of October, the relationship of total Et to DM production was linear and close each year, but the slope varied from 6.2 g m-2 mm-1 (cold dry year) to 14.0 g m-2 mm-1 (wet year). This variation could be attributed to annual variation in the soil evaporation component of Et, and in the ratio of DM to crop transpiration (= transpiration efficiency, TE). For 2-week periods around anthesis, TE ranged from 2.9 to 5.4 g m-2 mm-1 and was inversely related to Ep (R2 = 0.56). Provided soil evaporation can be allowed for, since it ranged from 18 to 41% of crop Et from sowing to maturity, it is argued that the crop transpirationtranspiration efficiency approach is particularly useful for analysing the growth and water use of dryland wheat.

Download Full-text