Estimating the Benefits of Agricultural Use of Municipal, Animal, and Industrial By-Products

2018 ◽  
pp. 361-386
Author(s):  
Wen-Yuen Huang ◽  
Yao-Chi Lu
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Use ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF BIOSOLIDS IN HORTICULTURE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 255b-255
Author(s):  
Chantal J. Beauchamp ◽  
Yves Desjardins ◽  
Serge Yelle ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
By Products

Canadian environmental policies are aimed at reducing by 50%. the quantities of refuses intended for landfill by year 2000. In this perspective, landspreading and composting biosolids have been investigated as solutions. Paper sludges, wood wastes, and municipal solid wastes (MSW) are important components of landfill biosolids, but they are attractive by-products for agricultural use. Research projects were initiated to characterize the paper sludges produced by Daishowa Co. in Quebec City, wood wastes produced by Hydro-Quebec, and MSW composts produced from waste treatment at RITDM (Chertsey) and Conporec (Sorel). De-inked paper sludge and wood wastes have been landspreaded for growing potato and landscaping, whereas composted paper sludges have been evaluated as part of potting media for growing greenhouse plants and landspreaded for turfgrass production. The chemical and biological characteristics of these biosolids were investigated for their fertilization potential and their effect on plant growth.

scholarly journals Growing Wheat and Vegetable Crops on Medium Composed of Olive Mill Wastewater, Pomace, and Limestone

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Orwa Houshia ◽  
Hazem Sawalha ◽  
Anan Hussein ◽  
Nael Abo –Hasan ◽  
Aseel Turkman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Project Site ◽  
By Products ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Olive Mill

The main objective of this project is to develop sustainable method of innovative agriculture practices that relies on reducing the liquid and solid waste generated from olive mill and limestone slurry by-product from factories in Palestine. The second aim is to use these waste by-products in a proper ratio mixture and their feasibility in the agricultural use for optimal and best conditions. The overall output is the implementation of applied research on wheat crop and solanaceous vegetables including tomato and pepper which proved their tolerance to grow well in such natural medium. It was observed that the best mixing ratio of the two parameter of limestone slurry and OMW was at 90:10 respectively. Crop growth, plant length and leaf area were measured. The best ratio of lime to OMW in wheat and pepper was 90:10, while tomato 80:20. It appears that the best result including plant height and leaf surface area were obtained at 90:10 mixing ratio of limestone and OMW as medium of limestone, pomace and OMW was suitable for cultivating the different types of studied crops. In general, the best results of plant growth were achieved when the percentage of limestone was high in the medium. The research has shown that it is possible to prepare an alternative media for plant growth from three major environmental by-products that were considered pollutants. In general, as the percentage of limestone increased in the medium, the plants grow proportionally. Selection of project site was within the AAUP Biology department and arboretum.

Dissolution rates of selected Australian gypsum sources

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Noble ◽  
P. J. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Internal Surface ◽  
Internal Surface Area ◽  
Dissolution Rates ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Rate Of Dissolution ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Average Size ◽  
By Products

Summary. Six samples of gypsum (2 mined materials, 3 from industrial by-products and analytical grade gypsum for comparison) were evaluated for their rates of dissolution. The rate of dissolution of gypsum and the subsequent movement of dissolved ions away from the site of dissolution determine the effectiveness of gypsum as a soil amendment. Compressed pellets were produced with similar surface areas and densities and their rates of dissolution assessed using electrical conductivity measurements of a stirred solution in which the pellets were suspended in a perforated nylon container. The rate of dissolution was significantly slower in the mined material and in one of the phosphogypsum samples when compared with the other sources of gypsum. Scanning electron microscopy of phosphogypsum samples exhibiting different dissolution rates suggest that these differences may in part be attributed to the average size and morphology of the gypsum crystallites. It is suggested that the internal surface area is smaller in the case of the least soluble industrial gypsum and consequently its rate of dissolution is reduced. These observed differences in dissolution rates would affect the efficacy of these materials in reducing clay dispersion and improving hydraulic conductivity of soils, and should therefore be taken into account when assessing a particular product for a specific agricultural use.

scholarly journals Assessment of gross calorific value of crop and bio-energy residues

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Jóvér János ◽  
Antal Károly ◽  
Zsembeli József ◽  
Blaskó Lajos ◽  
Tamás János
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Oil Cakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
By Products

This study assessed the gross calorific values (GCV) of crop and bio-energy residues. In addition, it assessed the calorific values of sweet sorghum to clarify its potential as energy crop in the region. Furthermore, it statistically analysed the ash remaining after burning three bio-energy residues, bagasse, oil cakes and fermented sludge of biogas production, to identify their potential for agricultural use. Finally, the study calculated alkali content based on nutrient content and GCVs. Significant differences were found among the GCVs of the investigated materials. Among the crop residues, the least significant difference (LSD) (P ≤ 0.05) of the calorimetric values was 76.26 kJ/kg, and among the by-products of bio-energy production, it was 20.80 kJ/kg. Significant differences were also found in nutrient content. In the case of the alkali content of bio-energy residues, the LSD was 0.04 kJ·kg<sup>–1</sup>. For the bagasse and compost, the study recommends some technical operations to avoid slagging.

scholarly journals HYDROMETALLURGICAL METHOD OF SELECTED MET-ALS RECOVERY FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE ASHES

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Feliks Stachowicz ◽  
Beata Pawłowska ◽  
Marta Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metals Recovery ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method ◽  
By Products

<p class="Metallographymaintext"><em>With the increasing number of new residents attached to the sewerage system, the amount of generated sewage sludge is systematically growing. In line with the restriction placed on landfill waste with a calorific value above 6 MJ/kg introduced on 1 January 2016, the most popular sewage sludge utilization methods are thermal processes and agricultural use.  In recent years, there has been increased interest in using thermal sewage sludge utilization methods. The major problem associated with sludge combustion is the enormous amount of by-products, particularly ashes. </em><em>Due to the specific characteristics, it is necessary to develop new sewage sludge ashes utilization methods in line with economic, law and environmental requirements. </em><em>Sewage sludge ashes are rich in valuable metals, particularly in zinc, copper and iron. As utilization methods of sewage sludge ashes do not guarantee the metals recovery until now, metals are lost irretrievably. This article presents hydrometallurgical methods of metals recovery from sewage sludge ashes with the use of acid leaching. The aforementioned propositions are beneficial from the economical and environmental point of view because they prevent valuable metals from waste. Additionally, the whole undertaking could contribute to the popularization of sustainable development.</em></p>

Hydrogen Cyanide Polymers from the Impact of Comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Nitrogen Heterocycles ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Heterogeneous Solids ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.

Bright-Field Images (Ctem) of Phase Objects at High Resolution

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 490-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
By Products ◽  
Test Objects

We have developed a technique to prepare thin single crystal films of graphite for use as supporting films for high resolution electron microscopy. As we showed elsewhere (1), these films are completely noiseless and therefore can be used in the observation of phase objects by CTEM, such as single atoms or molecules as a means for overcoming the difficulties because of the background noise which appears with amorphous carbon supporting films, even though they are prepared so as to be less than 20Å thick. Since the graphite films are thinned by reaction with WO3 crystals under electron beam irradiation in the microscope, some small crystallites of WC or WC2 are inevitably left on the films as by-products. These particles are usually found to be over 10-20Å diameter but very fine particles are also formed on the film and these can serve as good test objects for studying the image formation of phase objects.

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