Using GATT Flexibilities to Produce a WTO-Consistent Shift Toward More Climate-Friendly Consumption Patterns: An Analysis of GATT Article III from the Perspective of Greenhouse Gas Consumption Taxes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Consumption Taxes

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSUMPTION TAXES ON ANIMAL FOOD PRODUCTS TO MITIGATE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850009 ◽  
Author(s):  
TORBJÖRN JANSSON ◽  
SARAH SÄLL
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Demand Elasticity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Consumption Taxes ◽  
The Eu

Livestock cause around 10% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the European Union. Despite the large quantities, no economic policy is in place to reduce emissions from the sector. In this paper, we introduce consumption taxes on animal products in the European Union to reduce GHG emissions. Impacts are simulated using the CAPRI model, which was created to analyze the impacts of agricultural policy reforms within the EU. Tax levels of 16, 60 and 290 Euro per ton of GHG emissions are used in the estimations. Our results show that consumption taxes have small mitigation effects, up to 4.9% of total agricultural emissions from the EU-27, mainly due to inelastic demand. The main source of reductions is beef and France is the country where most reductions would take place, given high levels of production and consumption in the country, combined with a large demand elasticity of beef.

Biogas Digester Hydraulic Retention Time Affects Oxygen Consumption Patterns and Greenhouse Gas Emissions after Application of Digestate to Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1114-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Van Nguyen ◽  
Lars Stoumann Jensen ◽  
Roland Bol ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Jin Mi Triolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Blue Water Use of Dutch Diets and Its Association with Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reina E. Vellinga ◽  
Mirjam van de Kamp ◽  
Ido B. Toxopeus ◽  
Caroline T. M. van Rossum ◽  
Elias de Valk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Daily Diet

Food consumption patterns affect the environment as well as public health, and monitoring is needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Dutch food consumption patterns for environmental (greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and blue water use) and health aspects (Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015), according to age, gender, and consumption moments. Food consumption data for 4313 Dutch participants aged 1 to 79 years were assessed in 2012 to 2016, by two non-consecutive 24-h recalls. The environmental impact of foods was quantified using a life cycle assessment for, e.g., indicators of GHG emissions and blue water use. The healthiness of diet, operationalized by the Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015, was assessed for 2078 adults aged ≥19 years. The average daily diet in the Netherlands was associated with 5.0 ± 2.0 kg CO2-equivalents of GHG emissions and 0.14 ± 0.08 m3 of blue water use. Meat, dairy and non-alcoholic beverages contributed most to GHG emissions, and non-alcoholic beverages, fruits, and meat to blue water use. More healthy diets were associated with a lower GHG emission and higher blue water use. Different associations of environmental indicators (GHG emissions and blue water use) with health aspects of diets need to be considered when aligning diets for health and sustainability.

Exploring household natural gas consumption patterns and their influencing factors: An integrated clustering and econometric method

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 120194
Author(s):  
Lanlan Li ◽  
Huayang Ming ◽  
Weizhong Fu ◽  
Quan Shi ◽  
Shiwei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption

scholarly journals Localisation of primary food production in Finland: production potential and environmental impacts of food consumption patterns

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. RISKU-NORJA ◽  
R. HIETALA ◽  
H. VIRTANEN
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Agricultural Land Use

The potential for and environmental consequences of localising primary production of food were investigated by considering different food consumption patterns, based on conventional and organic production. Environmental impact was assessed according to agricultural land use and numbers of production animals, both of which depend on food consumption. The results were quantified in terms of nutrient balances, greenhouse gas and acid emissions and the diversity of crop cultivation, which indicate eutrophication of watersheds, climate change and landscape changes, respectively. The study region was able to satisfy its own needs for all farming and food consumption scenarios. Dietary choice had a marked impact on agricultural land use and on the environmental parameters considered. Organic farming for local food production resulted in higher greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with mixed diets, the vegetarian diet was associated with lower emissions and nutrient surpluses, but also with reduced crop diversity. The arable areas allocated to leys and pastures were also smaller. The study area represents a predominantly rural region and is a net exporter of agricultural produce. Therefore, only part of the environmental impact of food production results from local needs. Both the differences among the dietary options and the overall environmental benefit of localised primary food production were greatly reduced when considering total agricultural production of the region. Much of the negative impact of agriculture is due to food consumption in the densely populated urban areas, but the consequences are mainly felt in the production areas. The environmental impacts of localisation of primary food production for the rural areas are small and inconsistent. The results indicate the importance of defining ‘local’ on a regional basis and including the urban food sinks in impact assessment.;

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Household Waste in Denpasar City

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1750
Author(s):  
Made ARMADI ◽  
Wayan SUARNA ◽  
Made SUDARMA ◽  
Made Sudiana MAHENDRA ◽  
Nyoman SUDIPA
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Waste Sector

The increasing population growth and changing consumption patterns of the people have resulted in an increase in the volume, type and characteristics of waste. The rate of waste production continues to increase, not only in line with the rate of population growth but also in line with the increasing consumption patterns of society and the level of people's income. The solid waste sector is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions that is important to address because the decomposition of waste is a significant source of CH4 whose addition to the atmosphere contributes to climate change, so regional and national mitigation actions in the waste sector are very important. the increase in greenhouse gases caused by human activities in producing greenhouse gases is greater than the ability of the environment to repair itself. The greenhouse gas produced exceeds the ability of the environment to recycle so that greenhouse gases accumulate in the atmosphere. The increase in emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O gases in the atmosphere causes various problems, including changes in the nature of the climate which have an impact on climate change. The problem of garbage in Denpasar City cannot be separated from various factors because Denpasar City is the capital of Bali Province, the center of education, the center of the economy and is one of the tourist destinations with a cultural perspective, resulting in a high population growth rate which has an impact on the volume of waste, one of which is household waste. Community behavior in managing household waste plays a role in causing greenhouse gas emissions, such as the act of burning garbage and littering. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the City of Denpasar are carried out through composting, reuse, reduce and recicle activities both at the community level and in landfills. Achievement of reducing greenhouse gas emissions based on mitigation actions in the domestic solid waste sub-sector in Denpasar City for the period 2010 to 2019 was 17.2 Gg CO2e with weighting of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from composting by 15.1 Gg CO2e and the rest from 3R activities of 2.1 Gg CO2e.

scholarly journals Using biogas to reduce natural gas consumption and greenhouse gas emissions at a large distillery

2020 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 115812
Author(s):  
Richard O'Shea ◽  
Richen Lin ◽  
David M. Wall ◽  
James D. Browne ◽  
Jerry D Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption
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