Freedom of Transit and Long-Term Energy Security: Can the Interaction of WTO Law and General International Law Promote the Expansion of an International Gas Market?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Pogoretskyy
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Gas Market

scholarly journals Capacity Market and (the Lack of) New Investments: Evidence from Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7843
Author(s):  
Przemysław Kaszyński ◽  
Aleksandra Komorowska ◽  
Krzysztof Zamasz ◽  
Grzegorz Kinelski ◽  
Jacek Kamiński
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Capacity Market ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Demand Side Response

Capacity remuneration mechanisms operate in many European countries. In 2018, Poland implemented a centralized capacity market to ensure appropriate funding for the existing and new power generation units to improve long-term energy security. One of the declarations made while the mechanism was deployed was its beneficial influence on incentives for investments in new units. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the effects of the capacity mechanism adopted for investments in new power generation units that may be financed under the capacity market mechanism in Poland. The analysis is conducted for four types of capacity market units, the existing, refurbishing, planned, and demand-side response types, and includes the final results of capacity auctions. The results prove that the primary beneficiaries of the capacity market in Poland have been the existing units (including the refurbishing ones) responsible for more than 80% of capacity obligation volumes contracted for 2021–2025. Moreover, during the implementation of the capacity market in Poland, the planned units that signed long-term capacity contracts with a total share of 12% of the whole market were already at the advanced phases of construction, and the investment decisions were made long before the implementation of the capacity market mechanism. Therefore, they were not associated with the financial support from the capacity market. The study indicates that the capacity market did not bring incentives for investments in new power generation units in the investigated period.

Belarus will contest gas price as Russia's charms fade

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Lower Price ◽  
The West ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gas Price

Subject Arguments about gas prices as a reflection of deteriorating relations. Significance Attempts by the Belarusian government to secure a lower price for gas imported from Russia have political undertones. The government is cautiously distancing itself from Moscow while signalling an openness to improved ties with the West. A long-term energy security programme adopted in December 2015 sets out steps towards diversifying fuel imports and would, if successful, undermine Russia's role as monopoly supplier. Impacts Reduced economic reliance on Russia is likely to be accompanied by greater political frictions. A worsening relationship could prompt Moscow to consider covertly undermining the Belarusian leadership. The government is unlikely to institute democratic and human rights reforms. This reluctance to change will be a constraint on closer EU ties.

Regional cooperation towards trans‐country natural gas market

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. Shukla ◽  
Subash Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy System Model ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Gas Market

PurposeIndia began gas imports since 2004 through liquified natural gas (LNG) route. Imports through trans‐country gas pipelines could help in bringing gas directly into the densely populated Northern part of India, which are far from domestic gas resources as well as coastal LNG terminals. The purpose of this paper is to report scenarios, which quantify the impacts for India of regional cooperation to materialize trans‐country pipelines. The analysis covers time period from 2005 to 2030.Design/methodology/approachThe long‐term energy system model ANSWER‐MARKAL is used for the analysis.FindingsTrans‐country pipelines could deliver direct economic benefit of US$310 billion for the period 2010‐2030. Besides these, there are positive externalities in terms of lower greenhouse gas emissions and improved local environment, and enhanced energy security. However, the benefits are sensitive to global gas prices as higher gas prices would reduce the demand for gas and also the positive externalities from using gas.Practical implicationsTrans‐country pipelines are of great importance to India as they add 0.4 per cent to gross domestic product over the period besides yielding positive environmental externalities and improved energy security.Originality/valueQuantification of benefits from trans‐country pipeline proposals till 2030.

scholarly journals Germany’s Position Concerning the Nord Stream-2 Pipeline in the Context of the European Union’s Energy Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-127
Author(s):  
Mykola Stetsiuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Strategic Direction ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Nord Stream ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the underlying foundations of Germany’s position regarding the construction of Russia’s Nord Stream 2 pipeline, as well as the impact of this position on the European Union’s joint energy policy and energy security. Against the backdrop of the constantly growing energy consumption both globally and in EU specifically, supplies of energy sources are being increasingly used by exporters as an instrument of political influence. In this context, the Nord Stream-2 pipeline is regarded as such an instrument, primarily by Russia itself. On the other hand, Germany has been supporting the construction of the new Russian pipeline due to the need to ensure uninterrupted supply of cheap natural gas. The latter is of particular significance for the realization of Germany’s long-term energy transformation strategy. However, by sticking to such a position, Germany prioritizes its own political and economic interests over those of EU and individual Member States, which is contrary to one of the main principles of EU’s functioning, i.e., the principle of solidarity. With this in mind, it is reasonable to conclude that Germany is almost single-handedly defining the strategic direction of the entire EU’s energy policy without paying due attention to alternative suppliers and sources.

scholarly journals Significance of energy efficiency for energy security

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
L. Jovanović ◽  
V. Radović ◽  
M. Lukinović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Supply Capacity ◽  
Gas Supply

Energy security of the European Union is one of the most important parameters that determine the present and the future on the world's geopolitical scene. EU countries are characterized by: insufficient fossil fuels from their own sources, continuous increase in consumption and strict environmental regulations (which limit the use of coal and oil). From all of the above, it follows that the long-term energy security of the European Union can be ensured by increase of gas supply capacity and diversification of sources of supply. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the situation and perspective of optimizing energy efficiency in the countries of the European Union through the application of resource of energy saving and new and innovative technologies of renewable resources.

scholarly journals MODELO DE SEGURIDAD ENERGÉTICA APLICADO A PAISES LATINOAMERICANOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Fredy Saravia P. ◽  
Dheybi Cervan Prado
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Latin American Countries

Entre las políticas energéticas ha adquirido creciente importancia la noción de “seguridad energética”, es decir, garantizar la continua disponibilidad de energía, en variadas formas, cantidades y a precios asequibles. El concepto de seguridad energética ha evolucionado desde su única asociación del suministro de petróleo, hasta incorporar conceptos ambientales y sociales relacionados con la energía. En los países de Latinoamérica la seguridad energética no deja de ser un problema, en este contexto, se hace necesario cuantificar la noción de “seguridad energética” y adaptarla a las necesidades nacionales y de ser posible a la realidad Latinoamericana con el fin contar con un modelo que sirva de instrumento para la planificación de políticas energética a largo plazo. En este artículo, se plantea un modelo cuantitativo para obtener un índice de seguridad energética, este modelo es aplicado para los países latinoamericanos cuyos resultados se compara con una investigación similar del Foro Económico Mundial. Palabras clave.- Energía, Seguridad Energética, Seguridad de Suministro, Modelo Estadístico. ABSTRACTBetween energy policy has become increasingly important the notion of "energy security", that is, ensuring the continued availability of energy, in various forms, quantities and at affordable rates. The concept of energy security has evolved from its unique combination of oil supply, to incorporate environmental and social concepts related to energy. In Latin American countries energy security continues to be a matter of national policy, in this context, it is necessary to quantify the concept of "energy security" and adapt to national needs and possibly the Latin American reality in order to have a model to serve as a tool for planning long-term energy policy. In this paper, proposed a quantitative model for an index of energy security, this model are applied for the Latin American countries whose results are compared with similar research of the World Economic Forum. Keywords.- Energy, Energy Security, Security of supply, Statistical Model.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Gas Pipeline Trade Cooperation: A GCC case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Rioux ◽  
Rami Shabaneh ◽  
Steve Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Natural Gas Development ◽  
Term Energy

Natural gas development across the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) — including Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Kuwait, Oman and Bahrain —has become a priority for achieving long-term energy security and for supporting economic diversification initiatives (Shabaneh et al. 2020).

scholarly journals The V4’s Gas Market transition towards the EU’s Energy Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Katarína Sárvári
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Market Transition ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Spot Markets ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Returns On Investment ◽  
Gas Supply ◽  
The Eu

Current development of the European gas market uncovers several new opportunities and challenges for energy security that developed from big changes in production, transit and supply ways of natural gas to Europe. New European gas market model builds on the principles of diversification, the security of supply, interconnectivity and liberalization. Realization of the EU Third Energy Package related to a progressive shift from long-term oil-linked gas supply contracts and development of alternative gas supply sources and lines, as well as the rivalry between already established gas transit lines and the new supply lines present new challenges and require transition for the V4 countries. In this article I studied what are the new changes and challenges of the transition of V4 countries towards the EU’s energy security? To adjust to transition V4 countries should build the new infrastructure on the short-term pricing market and the ways how it will be funded. If V4 countries want to trade gas with the neighbours and transport most of the Russian gas to Europe, they need to invest into reforms of pipelines’ networks or to find other alternatives of diversification in the next decades. Returns on investment on a liberalized market with a multitude of competitors will be manageable but require serious reforms. The V4 countries will have to enter into the spot markets to efficiently trade gas. Available gas hubs in Europe are much smaller, less liquid, and mostly supplied by the same companies as the long-term traded gas hubs. This kind of markets is easy to manipulate. Therefore, it is important for the V4 countries to plan how to coordinate their national energy policies and name EU’s energy targets for the future.

Progress in merging India’s oil companies may be slow

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
At Home

Subject India's efforts to make state-run oil companies more competitive at home and abroad. Significance India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), which specialises in exploration, is set to acquire a majority stake in refiner Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) by the end of the fiscal year ending March 2018. The planned consolidation of these two state-owned enterprises (SOEs) reflects the Indian government’s aim of making public sector oil companies more competitive at home and abroad, improving long-term energy security. Impacts India’s oil ministry will become increasingly involved in scrutinising oil companies’ competitiveness domestically and overseas. Any perceived privatisation of the ONGC’s assets could be met with protests by many of its 33,000 employees. The ONGC will in the long term need to diversify into a broader energy company rather than focusing only on oil and gas.

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