scholarly journals Diurnal In Vivo Xylem Sap Glucose and Sucrose Monitoring Using Implantable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Sensors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Diacci ◽  
Tayebeh Abedi ◽  
Jeewoong Lee ◽  
Erik O. Gabrielsson ◽  
Magnus Berggren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor

scholarly journals Towards In Vivo Monitoring of Ions Accumulation in Trees: Response of an in Planta Organic Electrochemical Transistor Based Sensor to Water Flux Density, Light and Vapor Pressure Deficit Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4729
Author(s):  
Davide Amato ◽  
Giuseppe Montanaro ◽  
Filippo Vurro ◽  
Nicola Coppedé ◽  
Nunzio Briglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor ◽  
Olive Trees

Research on organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based sensors to monitor in vivo plant traits such as xylem sap concentration is attracting attention for their potential application in precision agriculture. Fabrication and electronic aspects of OECT have been the subject of extensive research while its characterization within the plant water relation context deserves further efforts. This study tested the hypothesis that the response (R) of an OECT (bioristor) implanted in the trunk of olive trees is inversely proportional to the water flux density flowing through the plant (Jw). This study also examined the influence on R of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) as coupled/uncoupled with light. R was hourly recorded in potted olive trees for a 10-day period concomitantly with Jw (weight loss method). A subgroup of trees was bagged in order to reduce VPD and in turn Jw, and other trees were located in a walk-in chamber where VPD and light were independently managed. R was tightly sensitive to diurnal oscillation of Jw and at negligible values of Jw (late afternoon and night) R increased. The bioristor was not sensitive to the VPD per se unless a light source was coupled to trigger Jw. This study preliminarily examined the suitability of bioristor to estimate the mean daily nutrients accumulation rate (Ca, K) in leaves comparing chemical and sensor-based procedures showing a good agreement between them opening new perspective towards the application of OECT sensor in precision agricultural cropping systems.

scholarly journals Diurnal in Vivo Xylem Sap Glucose and Sucrose Monitoring Using Implantable Organic Electrochemical Transistor Sensors

iScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 101966
Author(s):  
Chiara Diacci ◽  
Tayebeh Abedi ◽  
Jeewoong Lee ◽  
Erik O. Gabrielsson ◽  
Magnus Berggren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor

scholarly journals In vivo pressure gradient heterogeneity increases flow contribution of small diameter vessels in grapevine

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bouda ◽  
Carel W. Windt ◽  
Andrew J. McElrone ◽  
Craig R. Brodersen
Keyword(s):  
Sap Flow ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Fourth Power ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Xylem Sap Flow ◽  
Flow Mri ◽  
Vessel Network

AbstractLeaves lose approximately 400 H2O molecules for every 1 CO2 gained during photosynthesis. Most long-distance water transport in plants, or xylem sap flow, serves to replace this water to prevent desiccation. Theory predicts that the largest vessels contribute disproportionately to overall sap flow because flow in pipe-like systems scales with the fourth power of radius. Here, we confront these theoretical flow predictions for a vessel network reconstructed from X-ray μCT imagery with in vivo flow MRI observations from the same sample of a first-year grapevine stem. Theoretical flow rate predictions based on vessel diameters are not supported. The heterogeneity of the vessel network gives rise to transverse pressure gradients that redirect flow from wide to narrow vessels, reducing the contribution of wide vessels to sap flow by 15% of the total. Our results call for an update of the current working model of the xylem to account for its heterogeneity.

scholarly journals Label-Free Split Aptamer Sensor for Femtomolar Detection of Dopamine by Means of Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanying Liang ◽  
Ting Guo ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Andreas Offenhäusser ◽  
Dirk Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Dopamine Detection ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity

The detection of chemical messenger molecules, such as neurotransmitters in nervous systems, demands high sensitivity to measure small variations, selectivity to eliminate interferences from analogues, and compliant devices to be minimally invasive to soft tissue. Here, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) embedded in a flexible polyimide substrate is utilized as transducer to realize a highly sensitive dopamine aptasensor. A split aptamer is tethered to a gold gate electrode and the analyte binding can be detected optionally either via an amperometric or a potentiometric transducer principle. The amperometric sensor can detect dopamine with a limit of detection of 1 μM, while the novel flexible OECT-based biosensor exhibits an ultralow detection limit down to the concentration of 0.5 fM, which is lower than all previously reported electrochemical sensors for dopamine detection. The low detection limit can be attributed to the intrinsic amplification properties of OECTs. Furthermore, a significant response to dopamine inputs among interfering analogues hallmarks the selective detection capabilities of this sensor. The high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as the flexible properties of the OECT-based aptasensor, are promising features for their integration in neuronal probes for the in vitro or in vivo detection of neurochemical signals.

scholarly journals Organic electrochemical transistor arrays for real-time mapping of evoked neurotransmitter release in vivo

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Xie ◽  
Naixiang Wang ◽  
Xudong Lin ◽  
Zixun Wang ◽  
Xi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽  
Active Sensor ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry Measurement ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor ◽  
Neuronal Signal ◽  
In Vivo Analysis

Though neurotransmitters are essential elements in neuronal signal transduction, techniques for in vivo analysis are still limited. Here, we describe an organic electrochemical transistor array (OECT-array) technique for monitoring catecholamine neurotransmitters (CA-NTs) in rat brains. The OECT-array is an active sensor with intrinsic amplification capability, allowing real-time and direct readout of transient CA-NT release with a sensitivity of nanomolar range and a temporal resolution of several milliseconds. The device has a working voltage lower than half of that typically used in a prevalent cyclic voltammetry measurement, and operates continuously in vivo for hours without significant signal drift, which is inaccessible for existing methods. With the OECT-array, we demonstrate simultaneous mapping of evoked dopamine release at multiple striatal brain regions in different physiological scenarios, and reveal a complex cross-talk between the mesolimbic and the nigrostriatal pathways, which is heterogeneously affected by the reciprocal innervation between ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta.

scholarly journals In Vivo Phenotyping for the Early Detection of Drought Stress in Tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michela Janni ◽  
Nicola Coppede ◽  
Manuele Bettelli ◽  
Nunzio Briglia ◽  
Angelo Petrozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
Improved Methods

Drought stress imposes a major constraint over a crop yield and can be expected to grow in importance if the climate change predicted comes about. Improved methods are needed to facilitate crop management via the prompt detection of the onset of stress. Here, we report the use of an in vivo OECT (organic electrochemical transistor) sensor, termed as bioristor, in the context of the drought response of the tomato plant. The device was integrated within the plant’s stem, thereby allowing for the continuous monitoring of the plant’s physiological status throughout its life cycle. Bioristor was able to detect changes of ion concentration in the sap upon drought, in particular, those dissolved and transported through the transpiration stream, thus efficiently detecting the occurrence of drought stress immediately after the priming of the defence responses. The bioristor’s acquired data were coupled with those obtained in a high-throughput phenotyping platform revealing the extreme complementarity of these methods to investigate the mechanisms triggered by the plant during the drought stress event.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in gas solubility of xylem sap reiterate the enigma of plant water transport under negative pressure

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Pereira ◽  
Steven Jansen ◽  
Marcela Trevenzoli Miranda ◽  
Vinicius Sacramento Pacheco ◽  
Lucian Kaack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Gas Solubility ◽  
Henry's Law ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Henry’S Law ◽  
Hydraulic Failure ◽  
Plant Water Transport

Despite a long research history, we do not fully understand why plants are able to transport xylem sap under negative pressure without constant failure. Microbubble formation via direct gas entry is assumed to cause hydraulic failure, while the concentration of gas dissolved in xylem sap is traditionally supposed to be constant, following Henry's law. Here, the concentration of soluble gas in xylem sap was estimated in vivo using well-watered Citrus plants under varying levels of air temperature and photoperiodic exposure, and compared to modelled data. The gas concentration in xylem sap showed non-equilibrium curves, with a minimum over-or undersaturation of 5% compared to gas solubility based on Henry's law. A similar diurnal pattern was obtained from the gas concentration in the cut-open conduits and discharge tube, and oversolubility was strongly associated with decreasing xylem water potentials during transpiration. Although our model did not explain the daily changes in gas solubility for an anisobaric situation, oversolubility characterises nanoconfined liquids, such as sap inside cell walls. Thus, plants are able to transport sap under negative pressure with relatively high amounts of dissolved gas, providing them with a buffering capacity to prevent hydraulic failure, despite diurnal changes in pressure and temperature.

scholarly journals An in vivo biosensing, biomimetic electrochemical transistor with applications in plant science and precision farming

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Coppedè ◽  
Michela Janni ◽  
Manuele Bettelli ◽  
Calogero Leandro Maida ◽  
Francesco Gentile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Farming ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor
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