A Comparison Standard for Assessing the Adapted Version of the Brazilian Functionality Index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Merchan-Hamann ◽  
Heleno Rodrigues Correa-Filho ◽  
Livia Barbosa Pereira ◽  
Everton L. Pereira ◽  
Daniela da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Standard

scholarly journals 3′,8″-Dimerization Enhances the Antioxidant Capacity of Flavonoids: Evidence from Acacetin and Isoginkgetin

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xican Li ◽  
Xiaojian Ouyang ◽  
Rongxin Cai ◽  
Dongfeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Comparison Standard ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Transfer Potential ◽  
Tof Ms

To probe the effect of 3′,8″-dimerization on antioxidant flavonoids, acacetin and its 3′,8″-dimer isoginkgetin were comparatively analyzed using three antioxidant assays, namely, the ·O2− scavenging assay, the Cu2+ reducing assay, and the 2,2′-azino bis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assay. In these assays, acacetin had consistently higher IC50 values than isoginkgetin. Subsequently, the acacetin was incubated with 4-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxy radicals (4-methoxy-TEMPO) and then analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC−ESI−Q−TOF−MS) technology. The results of the UHPLC−ESI−Q−TOF−MS analysis suggested the presence of a dimer with m/z 565, 550, 413, 389, 374, 345, 330, and 283 peaks. By comparison, standard isoginkgetin yielded peaks at m/z 565, 533, 518, 489, 401, 389, 374, and 151 in the mass spectra. Based on these experimental data, MS interpretation, and the relevant literature, we concluded that isoginkgetin had higher electron transfer potential than its monomer because of the 3′,8″-dimerization. Additionally, acacetin can produce a dimer during its antioxidant process; however, the dimer is not isoginkgetin.

scholarly journals Influence of Mortality on Estimating the Risk of Kidney Failure in People with Stage 4 CKD

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2219-2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Ravani ◽  
Marta Fiocco ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Robert R. Quinn ◽  
Brenda Hemmelgarn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Comparison Standard ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Failure Risk ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Standard Risk ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundMost kidney failure risk calculators are based on methods that censor for death. Because mortality is high in people with severe, nondialysis-dependent CKD, censoring for death may overestimate their risk of kidney failure.MethodsUsing 2002–2014 population-based laboratory and administrative data for adults with stage 4 CKD in Alberta, Canada, we analyzed the time to the earliest of kidney failure, death, or censoring, using methods that censor for death and methods that treat death as a competing event factoring in age, sex, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, eGFR, and albuminuria. Stage 4 CKD was defined as a sustained eGFR of 15–30 ml/min per 1.73 m2.ResultsOf the 30,801 participants (106,447 patient-years at risk; mean age 77 years), 18% developed kidney failure and 53% died. The observed risk of the combined end point of death or kidney failure was 64% at 5 years and 87% at 10 years. By comparison, standard risk calculators that censored for death estimated these risks to be 76% at 5 years and >100% at 7.5 years. Censoring for death increasingly overestimated the risk of kidney failure over time from 7% at 5 years to 19% at 10 years, especially in people at higher risk of death. For example, the overestimation of 5-year absolute risk ranged from 1% in a woman without diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or albuminuria and with an eGFR of 25 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (9% versus 8%), to 27% in a man with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, albuminuria >300 mg/d, and an eGFR of 20 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (78% versus 51%).ConclusionsKidney failure risk calculators should account for death as a competing risk to increase their accuracy and utility for patients and providers.

The Reduced Strychnine Method for Determining Nitrates in Sea Water

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Comparison Standard ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Small Glass ◽  
Random Samples

A satisfactory procedure for the estimation of the dissolved nitrates in the waters of the strait of Georgia is described involving the use of a Duboscq colorimeter. Seven ml. of sample and reagent plus 3 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid develop a satisfactory colour. A large number of small glass vials are used in place of the regular Duboscq cups. Standards are prepared from random samples of sea water. The proportionality between colour developed and nitrate concentration is practically linear up to 4.8 mg. of NO3 ion per litre but the factor is not 1. This necessitates an appreciable correction for all observed concentrations which differ greatly from that of the comparison standard.

I'm “better” than you: Social comparison language suggests quantitative differences

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber N. Bloomfield ◽  
Jessica M. Choplin
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Attribute ◽  
Comparison Standard ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
Single Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Attribute Value

AbstractComparison-induced distortion theory (Choplin 2007; Choplin and Hummel 2002) describes how comparison words like “better” suggest quantitative differences between compared values. When a comparison word is used to contrast a personal attribute value with some standard (e.g. “Your score is better than average”), the comparison-suggested difference for the word may bias estimates or recall of personal attribute values. Three studies investigated how comparison-suggested differences determine the effect of social comparison on estimates or recall of personal attribute values. The first study demonstrated that estimates of attributes are biased towards (assimilation) or away from (contrast) a comparison standard depending on whether the difference between the compared attribute values exceeds or falls below the comparison-suggested difference. The second study showed that the comparison language selected by participants (through the difference suggested by the language) mediated the effect of standard similarity on attribute estimates following a social comparison. The third study demonstrated concurrent assimilation and contrast effects in recall of attribute values due to the size of the observed difference between the self and the standard for the attribute. Unlike in previous research on social comparison, assimilation and contrast patterns in these studies can be explained through a single process.

scholarly journals A Genetic Method using Hybrid Crossover for Solving Travelling Salesman Problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 5066-5072
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Travelling Salesman Problem ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Genetic Approach ◽  
Comparison Standard ◽  
Travelling Salesman ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Better Than

This paper proposes a Genetic approach using Hybrid Crossover for Solving the Travelling Salesman Problem. Proposed hybrid method generates an initial population using Nearest Neighbor (NN) approach which is modified using “Sub-Path Mutation” (SPM) process. Modified population undergoes Distance Preserving Crossover (DPX) [2] and 2-opt Optimal mutation (2-opt) [1] to check for possible refinement. SPM searches position for the minimum distant city within a given path. This work is motivated by the algorithm developed by [3] who performed DPX and 2-opt mutation on the initial population generated using NN. For performance comparison, standard TSPLIB data is taken. The proposed hybrid method performances better in terms of % best error. It performs better than methods reported in [3 - 11].

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document