Incidence Rate of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Students Living in Dormitories - A Prospective Cohort Study With RT-PCR and SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Surveillance in a German University City

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Torres Reyes ◽  
Eike Steinmann ◽  
Nina Timmesfeld ◽  
Hans-Joachim Trampisch ◽  
Julien Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
University City

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2–Specific Neutralizing Antibody Responses in Norwegian Health Care Workers After the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai-Chi Trieu ◽  
Amit Bansal ◽  
Anders Madsen ◽  
Fan Zhou ◽  
Marianne Sævik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Patient Exposure ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Care Workers

Abstract Background During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many countries experienced infection in health care workers (HCW) due to overburdened health care systems. Whether infected HCW acquire protective immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unclear. Methods In a Norwegian prospective cohort study, we enrolled 607 HCW before and after the first COVID-19 wave. Exposure history, COVID-19–like symptoms, and serum samples were collected. SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies were characterized by spike-protein IgG/IgM/IgA enzyme-linked immunosorbent and live-virus neutralization assays. Results Spike-specific IgG/IgM/IgA antibodies increased after the first wave in HCW with, but not in HCW without, COVID-19 patient exposure. Thirty-two HCW (5.3%) had spike-specific antibodies (11 seroconverted with ≥4-fold increase, 21 were seropositive at baseline). Neutralizing antibodies were found in 11 HCW that seroconverted, of whom 4 (36.4%) were asymptomatic. Ninety-seven HCW were tested by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) during follow-up; 8 were positive (7 seroconverted, 1 had undetectable antibodies). Conclusions We found increases in SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in infected HCW, especially after COVID-19 patient exposure. Our data show a low number of SARS-CoV-2–seropositive HCW in a low-prevalence setting; however, the proportion of seropositivity was higher than RT-PCR positivity, highlighting the importance of antibody testing.

scholarly journals Fetal central nervous system anomalies according to RT‐PCR and trimester of maternal infection with Zika virus: A prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Ángela Gutiérrez‐Sánchez ◽  
Carlos Hernán Becerra‐Mojica ◽  
Mario Augusto Rojas ◽  
Luis Alfonso Díaz‐Martínez ◽  
Luis Alfonso Pérez Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Central Nervous System Anomalies

scholarly journals HEALTH PROBLEMS OF BASKETBALL REFEREES:A PROSPECTIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Daniela Annanias Gimenes de Paula ◽  
Ronaldo Alves da Cunha ◽  
Carlos Vicente Andreoli
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Preventive Program ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Trauma Research

ABSTRACT Introduction: Basketball referees are the authorities responsible for ensuring that rules and regulations are followed and for making decisions. The ability of referees to respond to the physical and physiological demands imposed during the game is essential for good performance on the court. Objective: To understand the context in which health problems faced by basketball referees occur and to outline the epidemiological profile of musculoskeletal injuries. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in which basketball referees were evaluated using a standardized form. The participants were monitored online weekly for 12 weeks using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire to assess health problems, such as diseases (affecting the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive or neurological systems) or musculoskeletal injuries (acute or from overuse). Results: The study sample consisted of 78 referees with a mean age of 36.5 (±9.8) years. Most referees (97.4%) found it important to implement a preventive program. In relation to the health problems reported during follow-up, there was an incidence rate of 23.7 injuries per 1000 hours of play (95% CI 19.5 - 27.9) and the mean weekly prevalence of diseases was 3.2 (95% CI 0.4 – 6.0) and of injuries was 17.4 (95% CI 16.5 – 18.3). Conclusion: Through this study, it was possible to conclude that there was an incidence rate of 23.7 injuries per 1000 hours of play (95% CI 19.5 - 27.9) and a mean prevalence of diseases of 3.2 (95% CI 0.4 - 6.0) and musculoskeletal injuries of 17.4 (95% CI 16.5 - 18.3). The most common health problems that affected basketball referees were musculoskeletal overuse injuries of the lower limbs. Level of evidence I; Prospective cohort study .

scholarly journals Healthcare workers' SARS-CoV-2 infection rates during the second wave of the pandemic: prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mette Wurtz ◽  
Martin B. Kinnerup ◽  
Kirsten Pugdal ◽  
Vivi Schlunssen ◽  
Jesper Medom Vestergaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Second Wave

Objectives: To assess if healthcare workers during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had increased SARS-CoV-2 infection rates following close contact with patients, co-workers and persons outside work with COVID-19. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Public hospital employees in Denmark. Participants: 5985 healthcare workers (88.6% women) who daily on a smartphone reported COVID-19 contact. Main outcome measures: SARS-CoV-2 infection rates defined by the first positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test recorded in a register with complete test coverage. Results: 159 positive and 35 996 negative PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 were recorded during 514 165 person-days of follow-up November 25, 2020 - April 30, 2021. The SARS-CoV-2 infection rate for healthcare workers who during the previous 3-7 days had close contact with COVID-19 patients was 153.7 per 100 000 person-days (0.15% per day) corresponding with an incidence rate ratio of 3.17 (40 cases, 95% CI 2.15 to 4.66) when compared with no close contact with COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate ratios following close contact with co-workers and persons outside work with COVID-19 were 2.54 (10 cases, 95% CI 1.30 to 4.96) and 17.79 (35 cases, 95% CI 12.05 to 26.28). These estimates were mutually adjusted and further adjusted for age, sex, month and number of previous PCR tests. Conclusions: Despite strong focus on preventive actions during the second wave of the pandemic, healthcare workers were still at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection when in close contact with patients with COVID-19. The numbers affected were comparable to the numbers affected following COVID-19 contact outside work. Close contact with co-workers was also a risk factor. This stresses the need for increased focus on preventive actions to secure healthcare workers' health during ongoing and future waves of SARS-CoV-2 and other infections.

scholarly journals Prospective cohort study to investigate the burden and transmission of acute gastroenteritis in care homes: epidemiological results

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e033239
Author(s):  
Thomas Inns ◽  
Anna Pulawska-Czub ◽  
John P Harris ◽  
Roberto Vivancos ◽  
Nicholas J Beeching ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Care Homes ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Infectious Gastroenteritis ◽  
Bed Days

ObjectivesTo estimate the incidence of gastroenteritis in individuals in care homes.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingFive participating care homes in North West England, UK.ParticipantsResidents and staff present at the five study care homes between 15 August 2017 and 30 May 2019 (n=268).Outcome measuresWe calculated incidence rates for all gastroenteritis cases per 1000 person-years at risk and per 1000 bed-days at risk. We also calculated the incidence rate of gastroenteritis outbreaks per 100 care homes per year.ResultsIn total 45 cases were reported during the surveillance period, equating to 133.7 cases per 1000 person-years at risk. In residents the incidence rate was 0.62 cases per 1000 bed-days. We observed seven outbreaks in all care homes included in surveillance, a rate of 76.4 outbreaks per 100 care homes per year. 15 stool samples were tested; three were positive for norovirus, no other pathogens were detected.ConclusionsWe found that surveillance of infectious gastroenteritis disease in care homes based on outbreaks, the current general approach, detected a majority of cases of gastroenteritis. However, if policymakers are to estimate the burden of infectious gastroenteritis in this setting using only routine outbreak surveillance data and not accounting for non-outbreak cases, this study implies that the total burden will be underestimated.

Incidence and impact of hospital-acquired complications in an internal medicine unit of a reference hospital in Cameroon: a prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colette Sih ◽  
Bertrand Hugo Mbatchou-Ngahane ◽  
Yannick Mboue-Djieka ◽  
Marie C Ngueng-Eke ◽  
Nicole T Mbarga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Direct Medical Costs ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background Hospital-acquired complications (HACs) contribute to increased morbidity, mortality and hospital costs. However, their burden is often overlooked in resource-limited settings. We sought to determine the incidence, risk factors and effects of HACs on direct medical costs. Methods This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the Internal Medicine inpatient ward of Douala General Hospital over 3 mo. Patients were examined daily from admission to discharge, transfer or death. Incidence of HACs was calculated and risk factors of HACs were determined using univariate and multivariate regression models. Results The cumulative incidence rate of HACs in 230 participants was 29.2/1000 patient-days. The incidence rate of infectious and non-infectious complications was 8.4/1000 and 20.9/1000 patient-days, respectively. The most common HAC was constipation (8.3/1000 patient-days). The most common infection was urinary tract infection (3.7/1000 patient-days). HIV infection and length of stay >8 d were significantly associated with the occurrence of HACs. Deep vein thrombosis was associated with the highest direct medical cost. Conclusion The incidence of HACs is high in our setting and leads to increased length of hospital stays as well as greater direct medical costs. Thus, there is a need for effective preventive strategies.

scholarly journals COVID-19: What Can Iodine Maps From Perfusion CT Teach US? A Prospective Cohort Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario G. Santamarina ◽  
Dominique Boisier Riscal ◽  
Ignacio Beddings ◽  
Roberto Contreras ◽  
Martiniano Baque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Lung Perfusion ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Perfusion Abnormality ◽  
Iodine Maps ◽  
Healthy Lung ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Abstract Background: Subtraction CT angiography (sCTA) is a technique used to evaluate pulmonary perfusion based on iodine distribution maps. The aim of this study is to assess lung perfusion changes with sCTA seen in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, and correlate them with clinical outcomes.Material and Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out with 45 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients that required hospitalization at three different hospitals, between April and May 2020. In all cases, a basic clinical and demographic profile was obtained. Lung perfusion was assessed using sCTA. Evaluated imaging features included: Predominant type of perfusion abnormality (increased perfusion or hypoperfusion), perfusion abnormality distribution (focal or diffuse), extension of perfusion abnormalities (mild, moderate and severe involvement), presence of vascular dilatation and vascular tortuosity. All participants were followed-up until hospital discharge searching for the development of any of the study endpoints. These endpoints included intensive-care unit (ICU) admission, initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and death.Results: Forty-one patients (55.2 +/- 16.5 years, 22 men ) with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and an interpretable iodine map were included. Patients with perfusion anomalies on sCTA in morphologically normal lung parenchyma showed lower Pa/Fi values (294 ± 111.3 vs. 397 ± 37.7, p=0.035), and higher D-dimer levels (1156 ± 1018 vs. 378 ± 60.2, p<0.01). The patterns seen on lung CT were ground-glass opacities, mixed pattern and alveolar consolidation in 51.2%, 41.6% and 7.3%, respectively. Perfusion abnormalities were common (36 patients, 87.8%), mainly hypoperfusion in areas of apparently healthy lung . Patients with severe hypoperfusion in areas of apparently healthy lung parenchyma had an increased probability of being admitted to ICU and to initiate IMV (HR of 11.9% and HR 7.8%, respectively).Conclusion: Perfusion abnormalities evidenced in iodine maps obtained by sCTA are associated with increased admission to ICU and initiation of IMV in COVID-19 patients.

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