International Coherence in Digital Platform Regulation: An Economic Perspective on the US and EU Proposals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Schnitzer ◽  
Jacques Crémer ◽  
Gregory S. Crawford ◽  
David Dinielli ◽  
Amelia Fletcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Should Women Consult Health Agencies in Matters of Birth Control and Contraception?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Kraetschmer K
Keyword(s):  
Birth Control ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Contraceptive Devices ◽  
Scholarly Publications ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
The Us ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Harmful Effects

Background and Aim: On the background of recent developments revealing the harmful effects of contraceptive devices which are recommended by health agencies the paper aims at analyzing publications and other information material emanating from these agencies. This analysis – guided by the bioethical principle of informed consent — focuses on flawed science, ambiguous language, and misleading data. Method and Material: The method consists of collecting and analyzing information provided by health agencies for consumers inquiring about the safety and efficacy of contraceptive products. The material comprises documents, charts, leaflets and other publications emanating from the most authoritative and most frequently consulted health agencies, in particular those active in the US and European countries. Results and Implications: As a result of the investigation women must be advised to consult only a selected number of health agencies, especially those which take into account findings of pharmacovigilance, pharmaceutical vigilance, and scholarly publications focusing on the safety of contraception. The implications from an economic perspective are the discontinuation of funding through taxpayer money for those health agencies which continue to disseminate flawed science and demonstrate incompetence in questions about the safety of contraception.

scholarly journals Technological giants on digital markets as a result of a regulator failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (80) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Al. Kovalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Product Markets ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Derivative Markets ◽  
Antitrust Regulation

The article discusses the main problems of antitrust regulation of multilateral digital platforms. The problems of defining the boundaries of product markets on which multilateral platforms operate, including the problems of analyzing competition in derivative markets, other stages of determining the dominant position of a digital platform and its market power are disclosed. In the context of the latest news related to the proposals of the Subcommittee of the US Congress on toughening antitrust regulation of digital giants (Amazon, Facebook, Google, Apple), the possibilities of using such proposals in the Russian practice of antitrust regulation are considered. The author identifies the methodological problems that arise in the context of strengthening the market power of digital platforms, and also reveals the author’s approach to solving these problems.

scholarly journals Reality check: How adolescents use TikTok as a digital backchanneling medium to speak back against institutional discourses of school(ing)

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
William Terrell Wright
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Adult Educators ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
The Past ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Reality Check ◽  
The Us

This article centers on how TikTok’s adolescent users “speak back” to discourses of school(ing) in the US.  Through a discussion of four viral, school-related trends that have proliferated on TikTok over the past two years, the author calls attention to the ways school(ing), as a largescale, democratic project and socially constructed phenomenon, is being shaped by young people, for young people on a digital platform that backchannels a largely resistant attitude toward the institutional framing of school(ing) upheld by many adult educators today. The hope is that educators might engage these moments of rupture and feelings of dissonance in considerate ways that do not combat or cheapen the experiences of the young people in classrooms but instead open up opportunities for understanding and dialogue.

scholarly journals US – Shrimp: United States – Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products: Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Malaysia

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 41-71
Author(s):  
Robert Howse ◽  
Damien J. Neven
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Appellate Body ◽  
The Us ◽  
Original Case ◽  
Dispute Settlements ◽  
Environmental Measures

This study discusses the ruling of the Appellate Body (AB) in the recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Malaysia in the context of the US import prohibition of certain shrimp and shrimp products from a legal and economic perspective. The first part of the chapter (section 2) discusses the background of the case, and, in particular, presents the main issues at stake in the Panel and AB decisions in the original case as well as their main findings. Section 3 discusses the key elements of the compliance panel and its subsequent appeal and identifies a few issues that are discussed in further detail. In section 4, in the context of a simple model, we first consider the consequences of making imports contingent on the adoption of environmental measures in exporting countries. We find that the attractiveness of such measures depends heavily on the characteristics of abatement technology and the range of policies available in the exporting countries. Finally, section 5 briefly discusses the trade-off between flexibility in the imposition of environmental standards and the enforcement of dispute settlements’ rulings.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAYA SAING DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EKSPOR PRODUK ALAS KAKI INDONESIA KE AMERIKA SERIKAT DITINJAU DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Laili
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
The Us ◽  
Islamic Economic

Footwear is one of Indonesia's leading export commodities. However, this achievement is still far from the target set by the Indonesian Ministry of Industry, namely growth of 10% annually. The aim this study are to analysis of Indonesia's competitiveness of footwear products exported to the United States, factors affect Indonesian footwear exports to the US and the Islamic economy view competitiveness and the factors affecting exports. The method used is a quantitative method. Using the RCA analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The data taken from this research is secondary data. The results showed that the RCA index>1, then the export of Indonesian footwear products to the US was competitive in the world. Partially, US GDP and the exchange rate have a positive and significant effect on Indonesian footwear exports to the US, prices have a positive and insignificant effect on Indonesian footwear exports to the US, and production has a negative and insignificant effect on Indonesian footwear exports to the US. Simultaneously, US GDP, exchange rates, prices and production together influence the export of Indonesian footwear to the US. Competition from an Islamic economic perspective is highly recommended, but it must be healthy as explained in Q.S Al-Baqarah:148 where every country is prohibited from committing fraud, one of which is the dumping technique. Keywords: RCA, US GDP, Exchange Rates, Prices, Production, Footwear Exports, Islamic Economic Perspective.

scholarly journals EMERGENT GOVERNANCE: COMPETITION POLICY AS PLATFORM REGULATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Popiel
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Interest Groups

Much of the scholarly debate around platform regulation is outcome-focused, concerning rules and norms that should govern platform behavior, rather than focusing on questions of policy processes. However, the question of politics underlying the development of these rules is essential to understanding how and why particular forms of oversight have developed in response to the growing scope of platform capitalism. To address this gap, this paper provides a preliminary account of why competition policy has emerged as a prominent governance mechanism for platform oversight, which privileges stronger antitrust enforcement and economic regulation and has resulted in antitrust lawsuits against and investigations into major tech companies like Google and Facebook. With the US as a case study, I examine a series of 2017-2020 policy debates about oversight of digital platform markets, exploring how the boundaries of competition policy are discursively contested and negotiated in these debates by stakeholders ranging from policy experts to regulators to public interest groups. I argue that these policy debates, driven by a burgeoning antimonopoly movement, produced a set of policy ideas vis-à-vis platform oversight that coalesced around a governance paradigm rooted in competition policy. However, the framework ultimately ultimately prioritizes optimizing competition in digital platform markets above other goals, like data regulation. Consequently, it came up short in providing a policy answer to the expansive forces driving platform capitalism. I theorize these blind spots as partly attributable to the dominance and insularity of the competition policy framework as a foundation for governing platform sectors.

The Eleventh Circuit Holds that Agreements in which Pharmaceutical Companies Pay Generic Companies Not to Compete May be Valid

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Amy Garrigues
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Patent Holder ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Antitrust Laws ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Appeals Court ◽  
Two Sides

On September 15, 2003, the US. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit held that agreements between pharmaceutical and generic companies not to compete are not per se unlawful if these agreements do not expand the existing exclusionary right of a patent. The Valley DrugCo.v.Geneva Pharmaceuticals decision emphasizes that the nature of a patent gives the patent holder exclusive rights, and if an agreement merely confirms that exclusivity, then it is not per se unlawful. With this holding, the appeals court reversed the decision of the trial court, which held that agreements under which competitors are paid to stay out of the market are per se violations of the antitrust laws. An examination of the Valley Drugtrial and appeals court decisions sheds light on the two sides of an emerging legal debate concerning the validity of pay-not-to-compete agreements, and more broadly, on the appropriate balance between the seemingly competing interests of patent and antitrust laws.

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