scholarly journals Technological giants on digital markets as a result of a regulator failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (80) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Author(s):  
Al. Kovalenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Product Markets ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Derivative Markets ◽  
Antitrust Regulation

The article discusses the main problems of antitrust regulation of multilateral digital platforms. The problems of defining the boundaries of product markets on which multilateral platforms operate, including the problems of analyzing competition in derivative markets, other stages of determining the dominant position of a digital platform and its market power are disclosed. In the context of the latest news related to the proposals of the Subcommittee of the US Congress on toughening antitrust regulation of digital giants (Amazon, Facebook, Google, Apple), the possibilities of using such proposals in the Russian practice of antitrust regulation are considered. The author identifies the methodological problems that arise in the context of strengthening the market power of digital platforms, and also reveals the author’s approach to solving these problems.

Legal Aspects of Defining Market’ Boundaries where Digital Platforms’ Owners Participate: Amex Case

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
A. O. Maslov
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Product Markets ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
The World

Year by year, digital platforms are becoming more popular in doing business. At the same time antitrust regulators around all the world face with challenges in analyzing the market boundaries where digital platforms’ owners participate.The article examines legal aspects of determining product and geographical boundariesof markets where digital platforms’ owners operate.The article deals with Amex case in which The US Supreme Court held that boundaries of the market where two-sided transactional digital platforms’ owners operate should be determined by the transaction. No doubt, this approach is debatable and the fact that the Court issued 5—4 decision proves that.The article also deals with approaches in competition law doctrine to defining the boundaries of product markets in which the owners of digital platforms are involved.

9. Monopolies and the abuse of market power

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-105
Author(s):  
Ariel Ezrachi
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Monopoly Power ◽  
Predatory Pricing ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
The Us ◽  
Competition Laws ◽  
Power Studies

‘Monopolies and the abuse of market power’ studies monopolies and the abuse of market power. The first step in applying competition law to misuse of market power is the identification of such power. How powerful should you be to be deemed to have market power that could trigger antitrust intervention? Many jurisdictions will use the benchmark of ‘dominant position’, some will use ‘monopoly power’ or ‘monopolization’, while others may focus on the presence of ‘superior bargaining position’. There is a difference in approach between the US and EU competition laws which can be seen through several categories of abuse and monopolization, including predatory pricing, excessive pricing, and refusal to supply or license.

Testing for Oligopsony Power in the US Green Skin Avocado Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Evans ◽  
Fredy H. Ballen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Market Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Supply Model ◽  
Oligopsony Power

AbstractThe United States is the main destination for Dominican Republic (DR) green skin avocado exports accounting for over 70 % of the total DR green skin avocado exports from 2004 to 2013. Given the US dominant position in the US-DR green skin avocado trade, the United States may have an incentive to deviate from the competitive markets model, and behave as an oligopsonist. The present study seeks to assess potential oligopsonistic behavior in the US green skin avocado import market. A residual supply model was specified and estimated. Findings indicate that despite its dominant position in the world avocado trade, there is no empirical evidence that indicates that the United States exercises market power over DR exports of green skin avocados.

scholarly journals Digitale Marktmacht

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Volmar
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Us ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Eu

The ascending economic and political influence of the internet platforms of the 21st century has sparked a debate about the adequate regulation of these “tech titans”. At the heart of this discussion is competition law – the field of law that was created to tame dominant companies. But when does a company truly hold such a “dominant position”? The definition of this fundamental competition law term faces numerous challenges when applied to digital platforms, from zero-price markets to the multi-sidedness of business models. This book dismantles the term into its components and shows where the methodology needs to adapt to the digital economy. In doing so, it considers the legal regimes of Germany, the EU and the US, as well as findings from legal economics.

scholarly journals Regulating Digital Platforms

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-188
Author(s):  
Robert Baldwin ◽  
Martin Cave
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Positive Regulation ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
The World ◽  
Regulatory Interventions ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Regulatory Challenges

One of the most pressing regulatory challenges of recent years has been what to do about the hugely successful digital platform and related companies which now bestride the world. Their emergence provides a brutal and urgent test for positive regulation: Can legislators and regulators maintain the benefits generated by such influential new actors, but also control the adverse effects? This chapter focuses on the challenges posed by the platforms’ abuses of their market power. It starts with an exposition of the special features of two-sided platforms which may create a heightened or special need for regulation. It then considers how these features might play out, and focuses on the risk of markets ‘tipping’ into monopolies. It then discusses how general competition law might be strengthened to keep up with the new dynamics of digital platforms and how competition law can be supplemented by additional regulatory interventions. The concluding section discusses prospects for positive regulation meeting these new challenges.

Interaction of Ukrainian Diaspora and the USA Government Regarding Celebration of Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (47) ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Halyna Shchyhelska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
The United States ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Usa

2018 marks the 100th anniversary of the proclamation of Ukrainian independence. OnJanuary 22, 1918, the Ukrainian People’s Republic proclaimed its independence by adopting the IV Universal of the Ukrainian Central Rada, although this significant event was «wiped out» from the public consciousness on the territory of Ukraine during the years of the Soviet totalitarian regime. At the same time, January 22 was a crucial event for the Ukrainian diaspora in the USA. This article examines how American Ukrainians interacted with the USA Government institutions regarding the celebration and recognition of the Ukrainian Independence day on January 22. The attention is focused on the activities of ethnic Ukrainians in the United States, directed at the organization of the special celebration of the Ukrainian Independence anniversaries in the US Congress and cities. Drawing from the diaspora press and Congressional Records, this article argues that many members of Congress participated in the observed celebration and expressed kind feelings to the Ukrainian people, recognised their fight for freedom, during the House of Representatives and Senate sessions. Several Congressmen submitted the resolutions in the US Congress urging the President of United States to designate January 22 as «Ukrainian lndependence Day». January 22 was proclaimed Ukrainian Day by the governors of fifteen States and mayors of many cities. Keywords: January 22, Ukrainian independence day, Ukrainian diaspora, USA, interaction, Congress

scholarly journals Digital Platform Ecosystems as Living Labs for Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Innovation: A Conceptual Model Proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6494
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Baran ◽  
Aleksandra Berkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Living Labs ◽  
Platform Ecosystems ◽  
The Relationship

The main idea of the paper is to combine modern research methods (as living labs that enable research in a real-life setting) with the new technological opportunities for entrepreneurship and innovation development (as digital platforms) to search for innovative solutions, while addressing the sustainable development problems. Thus, the paper aims to explain how real value for society is created within digital platform ecosystems and how they employ to this end novel solutions that better address existing social problems. Consequently, it proposes a conceptual framework to research and develop sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation with the use of digital platforms. This research study takes a synthesizing conceptual approach that seeks to integrate the existing knowledge drawn on two major streams of research: living labs as a methodology and digital platform ecosystems to enrich the theory of sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation development. The paper contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing a novel conceptual model of digital platform ecosystems as living labs for sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation. The model depicts digital platform ecosystems examined as living labs and the implicit processes that include platform users in problem-solving and value-creation in real-life settings. The novelty of the model stems from framing these processes that capture the relationship between individuals and opportunities as the foundations of entrepreneurship and the relationship between the problem space and the solution space, where the opportunities occur.

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