Nitrogen Uptake and Remobilization from Pre- and Post-Anthesis Stages Contributes Towards Grain Yield and Protein Concentration in Wheat Nam Rils Grown in Limited Nitrogen Condition

Field experiments were conducted over 3 years to assess the effect of a triazole fungicide programme, and additions of strobilurin fungicides to it, on nitrogen uptake, accumulation and partitioning in a range of winter wheat cultivars. Commensurate with delayed senescence, fungicide programmes, particularly when including strobilurins, improved grain yield through improvements in both crop biomass and harvest index, although the relationship with green area duration of the flag leaf (GFLAD) depended on year and in some cases, cultivar. In all years fungicide treatments significantly increased the amount of nitrogen in the above-ground biomass, the amount of nitrogen in the grain and the nitrogen harvest index. All these effects could be linearly related to the fungicide effect on GFLAD. These relationships occasionally interacted with cultivar but there was no evidence that fungicide mode of action affected the relationship between GFLAD and yield of nitrogen in the grain. Fungicide treatments significantly reduced the amount of soil mineral N at harvest and when severe disease had been controlled, the net remobilization of N from the vegetation to the grain after anthesis. Fungicide maintained the filling of grain with both dry matter and nitrogen. The proportionate accumulation of nitrogen in the grain was later than that of dry matter and this difference was greater when fungicide had been applied. Effects of fungicide on grain protein concentration and its relationship with GFLAD were inconsistent over year and cultivar. There were several instances where grain protein concentration was unaffected despite large (1·5 t/ha) increases in grain yield following fungicide use. Dilution of grain protein concentration following fungicide use, when it did occur, was small compared with what would be predicted by adoption of other yield increasing techniques such as the selection of high yielding cultivars (based on currently available cultivars) or by growing wheat in favourable climates.

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Foliar Nitrogen Application Timing Influence on Grain Yield and Protein Concentration of Hard Red Winter and Spring Wheat

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2003.0335 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 335 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Anthony G. Bly ◽

Howard J. Woodard

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Foliar Nitrogen ◽

Application Timing

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Crop and soil nitrogen status of tilled and no-tillage systems in semiarid regions of Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s01-036 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 489-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

B G McConkey ◽

D. Curtin ◽

C A Campbell ◽

S A Brandt ◽

F. Selles

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Soil N ◽

Grain Protein Concentration ◽

Brown Soil ◽

Semiarid Regions ◽

Soil Zone ◽

Tillage System ◽

Loam Soil

We examined 1990-1996 crop and soil N data for no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems from four long-term tillage studies in semiarid regions of Saskatchewan for evidence that the N status was affected by tillage system. On a silt loam and clay soil in the Brown soil zone, spring what (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and protein concentration were lower for NT compared with tilled (CT or MT) systems for a fallow-wheat (F-WM) rotation. Grain protein concentration for continuous wheat (Cont W) was also lower for NT than for MT. For a sandy loam soil in the Brown soil zone, durum (Triticum durum L.) grain protein concentration was similar for MT and NT for both Cont W and F-W, but NT had higher grain yield than MT (P < 0.05 for F-W only). For a loam soil in the Dark Brown soil zone, wheat grain yield for NT was increased by about 7% for fallow-oilseed-wheat (F-O-W) and wheat-oilseed-wheat (W-O-W) rotations. The higher grain yields for NT reduced grain protein concentration by dilution effect as indicated by similar grain N yield. However, at this site, about 23 kg ha-1 more fertilizer N was required for NT than for CT. Elimination of tillage increased total organic N in the upper 7.5 cm of soil and N in surface residues. Our results suggest that a contributing factor to decreased availability of soil N in medium- and fine-textured soils under NT was a slower rate of net N mineralization from organic matter. Soil nitrates to 2.4 m depth did not indicate that nitrate leaching was affected by tillage system. Current fertilizer N recommendations developed for tilled systems may be inadequate for optimum production of wheat with acceptable grain protein under NT is semiarid regions of Saskatchewan. Key words: Tillage intensity, N availability, soil N fractions, N mineralization, crop residue decomposition, grain protein

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Effect of leaf spotting diseases on grain yield and seed traits of wheat in southern Saskatchewan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p01-128 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 507-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H. Wang ◽

M. R. Fernandez ◽

F. R. Clarke ◽

R. M. DePauw ◽

J. M. Clarke

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Test Weight ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Seed Traits ◽

Grain Protein Concentration ◽

Leaf Emergence ◽

Weight Test

Although leaf spotting diseases have been reported to have a negative effect on grain yield and seed characteristics of wheat (Triticum spp.), the magnitude of such effects on wheat grown on dryland in southern Saskatchewan is not known. A fungicide experiment was conducted at Swift Current (Brown soil) and Indian Head (Black soil) from 1997 to 1999 to determine the effect of leaf spotting diseases on yield and seed traits of wheat. Two fungicides, Folicur 3.6F and Bravo 500, were applied at different growth stages on three common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and three durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) genotypes. Fungicide treatments generally did not affect yield, kernel weight, test weight or grain protein concentration, and these effects were relatively consistent among genotypes. Folicur applied at head emergence in 1997 and at flag leaf emergence and/or head emergence in 1998 increased yield at Indian Head (P < 0.05). Fungicides applied at and before flag leaf emergence tended to increase kernel weight. Grain protein concentration increased only in treatments of Bravo applications at Indian Head in 1998. These results suggested that under the dryland environment and management in southern Saskatchewan leaf spotting diseases generally have a small effect on yield, kernel weight, test weight and protein concentration. Key words: Wheat, leaf spotting diseases, fungicide, yield

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Effect of weeds and nitrogen fertiliser on yield and grain protein concentration of wheat

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9960443 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 443 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

MG Mason ◽

RW Madin

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Grain Protein Concentration ◽

Nitrogen Fertiliser

Field trials at Beverley (19911, Salmon Gums (1991; 2 sites) and Merredin (1992; 2 sites), each with 5 rates of nitrogen (N) and 3 levels of weed control, were used to investigate the effect of weeds and N on wheat grain yield and protein concentration during 1991 and 1992. Weeds in the study were grasses (G) and broadleaf (BL). Weeds reduced both vegetative dry matter yield and grain yield of wheat at all sites except for dry matter at Merredin (BL). Nitrogen fertiliser increased wheat dry matter yield at all sites. Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield at Beverley and Merredin (BL), but decreased yield at both Salmon Gums sites in 1991. Nitrogen fertiliser increased grain protein concentration at all 5 sites-at all rates for 3 sites [Salmon Gums (G) and (BL) and Merredin (G)] and at rates of 69 kg N/ha or more at the other 2 sites [Beverley and Merredin (BL)]. However, the effect of weeds on grain protein varied across sites. At Merredin (G) protein concentration was higher where there was no weed control, possibly due to competition for soil moisture by the greater weed burden. At Salmon Gums (G), grain protein concentration was greater when weeds were controlled than in the presence of weeds, probably due to competition for N between crop and weeds. In the other 3 trials, there was no effect of weeds on grain protein. The effect of weeds on grain protein appears complex and depends on competition between crop and weeds for N and for water at the end of the season, and the interaction between the two.

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Grain yield formation and nitrogen uptake of amaranth

European Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1016/s1161-0301(14)80039-7 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 379-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

W. Aufhammer ◽

H.-P. Kaul ◽

P. Herz ◽

E. Nalborczyk ◽

A. Dalbiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Yield Formation

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Effects of Phosphorus and Carbofuran on the Growth and Nitrogen Fixation of Azolla pinnata and the Yield of Rice

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700015933 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 183-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. P. Singh ◽

P. K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Uptake ◽

Dry Season ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Azolla Pinnata ◽

Wet Season ◽

Area Index ◽

Nitrogen Yield ◽

Matter Production ◽

Dry Seasons

SUMMARYThe effects of phosphorus fertilizer and the insecticide carbofuran on the growth and N2-fixation of Azolla pinnata and on the growth, grain yield and nitrogen uptake of intercropped rice were examined in a wet and a dry season. Treatment with phosphorus or carbofuran increased the biomass of Azolla and the amount of nitrogen fixed (nitrogen yield) in both seasons, but the response was much better in the dry season. Azolla inoculation at 1.0 t ha−1 resulted in a greater bio mass and nitrogen yield than inoculation at 0.5 t ha−1. In the dry season, a combination of phosphorus and carbofuran enhanced the growth and N2-fixation of Azolla more than either treatment alone. Carbofuran treatment slowed the rate of decomposition of Azolla, particularly in the dry season. The plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production of rice at flowering time were increased in the plots treated with phosphorus or carbofuran in the wet season and these treatments increased rice grain yield and nitrogen uptake in both the wet and dry seasons.

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