The Solvency of a General Insurance Company in Terms of Emerging Costs

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Daykin ◽  
G. D. Bernstein ◽  
S. M. Coutts ◽  
E. R. F. Devitt ◽  
G. B. Hey ◽  
...  

AbstractThe authors challenge the traditional balance sheet concept of the solvency of a general insurance company and put forward an emerging costs concept, which enables the true nature of the assets and liabilities to be taken into account, including their essential variability. Simulation is suggested as a powerful tool for use in examining the financial strength of a company. A simulation model is then used to explore the resilience of a company's financial position to a variety of possible outcomes and to assess the probability that the assets will prove adequate to meet the liabilities with or without an assumption of continuing new business. This suggests the need for an appropriate asset margin assessed individually for each company. The implications for the management and supervision of general insurance companies are explored. The suggestion is made that the effectiveness of supervision based on the balance sheet and a crude solvency margin requirement is limited. More responsibility should be placed on an actuary or other suitably qualified professional individual to report on the overall financial strength of the company, both to management and to the supervisory authorities.

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Daykin ◽  
G.D. Bernstein ◽  
S.M. Coutts ◽  
E.R.F. Devitt ◽  
G.B. Hey ◽  
...  

AbstractAfter reviewing some general issues concerning solvency and the problems associated with establishing the financial strength of a general insurance company using the traditional balance sheet concept, the authors put forward an emerging costs approach for examining the strength of a company. This enables the true nature of the assets and liabilities to be taken into account, including their essential variability. Simulation is suggested as a powerful tool for use in examining the financial strength of a company and in exploring the impact of alternative scenarios. A particular example of such a simulation model is then presented and used to explore the resilience of a company's financial position to variations in a wide variety of parameters. The model enables the user to quantify the probability that the assets will prove adequate to meet the liabilities with or without an assumption of continuing business. This in turn permits an appropriate asset margin to be assessed individually for any particular company in the light of the strategy that the company intends to follow. Some of the implications of this approach for the management and supervision of general insurance companies are explored. The suggestion is made that the effectiveness of statutory supervision based on the balance sheet and a crude solvency margin requirement is limited, since it cannot have proper regard to the risk profile of individual companies. More responsibility should be placed on an actuary or other suitably qualified professional individual to report on the overall financial strength of the company, both to management and to the supervisory authorities.


1989 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Daykin ◽  
G. B. Hey

1.1 The traditional approach to examining the financial status of a company is to look at the balance sheet and the profit and loss account. Such information is usually publicly available, it is certified by the auditors as having been drawn up according to relevant accounting standards and it is generally presumed to communicate reliable information.1.2 In the case of a manufacturing or trading company the profit and loss account records purchases and sales and the balance sheet will include a valuation of stock in hand, since it is anticipated that this will give rise to future sales income. Working capital is required because products have to be manufactured or purchased before they can be sold. Profit is realized when the product is sold for more than it cost to buy it or to make it.


1990 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Daykin ◽  
G. B. Hey

AbstractA cash flow model is proposed as a way of analysing uncertainty in the future development of a general insurance company. The company is modelled alongside the market in aggregate so that the impact of changes in premium rates relative to the market can be assessed. An extensive computer model is developed along these lines, intended for use in practical applications by actuaries advising the management of genera1 insurance companies. Simulation methods are used to explore the consequences of uncertainty, particularly in regard to inflation and investments. Some comments are made on the role of actuaries in general insurance. Alternative approaches to describing the behaviour of an insurance firm in the market are considered.


2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shiu

ABSTRACTDynamic financial analysis has become one of the important tools that actuaries use to model the underwriting and investment operations of insurance companies. The first step in carrying out the analysis is to investigate the most important factors affecting company performance. This paper identifies the determinants of the performance of United Kingdom general insurance companies using a panel data set consisting of economic data and Financial Services Authority/Department of Trade and Industry returns over the period 1986 to 1999. Three performance measures are used to capture different aspects of insurance operations. These measures are related to a number of economic and firm specific variables, chosen on the basis of relevant theory and literature. An ordinary least squares regression model and two panel data models are estimated for each of three performance measures. This paper also addresses several important econometric problems that are usually ignored in applied work in the context of panel data analysis. Based on the empirical results, this study finds that liquidity, unexpected inflation, interest rate level and underwriting profits are statistically significant determinants of the performance of U.K. general insurers.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Yulia Wahyu Ningsih ◽  
Noven Suprayogi

This study aims to analyze the efficiency of sharia general insurance companies in Indonesia. The input variables used are total assets, expenses, and payment of claims, while the output variable is the income and tabarru’ funds. The method were used to measure the level of efficiency is the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the assumption of Variable Return to Scale (VRS) with input and output orientation. The samples are 12 sharia general insurance companies during 2013-2015. The results of the study indicate that the average result of DEA analysis for the entire DMU (Decision Making Unit) has not been efficient. The average value of economic efficiency (CRS) by 0.978, technically efficiency (VRS) for 0.925, and scale efficiency for 0.945. Source of inefficiency sharia insurance company is the scale of operations and management of input to output is not optimal.


1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-609
Author(s):  
C. D. Daykin ◽  
G. D. Bernstein ◽  
S. M. Coutts ◽  
E. R. F. Devitt ◽  
G. B. Hey ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Hitchcox ◽  
P. J. M. Klumpes ◽  
K. W. McGaughey ◽  
A. D. Smith ◽  
N. H. Taverner

AbstractA major outcome of ERM activities in insurance companies has been the bringing together of all of the key risks in the company, to be managed collectively in a holistic fashion. The authors of this paper believe that an ERM framework also needs to look beyond the company, and have regard to the risk management needs of investors, from the point of view of the contribution of the insurance company to the overall risk and reward of their total investment portfolios. To meet these needs, the ERM framework needs to provide sufficient information on topics such as systematic risk, potential correlations of earnings from future new business with macroeconomic trends, other risks to franchise value, and sources of model risk within the company. The paper does not provide solutions for the issues described above; but limits itself to describing and discussing the direction for some important new initiatives in ERM activities.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandhita Pratiwi Hidayah Ndaru ◽  
Yuli Soesetio

This research aimed to examine the effect of an Early Warning System on insurance company performance. The sample included insurance companies listed on The Financial Services Authority (OJK) in 2016-2018. Fifty samples were obtained through purposive sampling. Data were analysed using regression. The results showed that the loss ratio, liquidity ratio, technical reserve ratio and age of the insurance company affected their performance, but not consistently across the three regression test methods. Meanwhile, the retention ratio did not affect the performance of insurance companies consistently. These results suggest that Indonesian insurance companies having a tendency to prioritize public trust to increase the insurance business. Keywords: Early Warning System, Insurance Company Performance, Indonesia General Insurance


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Mustika Larasati ◽  
Arief Suryono

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to discover the construction of legal relations that occur between life insurance  parties at grojogan sewu nature tourism park and their legal responsibilities. Legal relations are connections regulated by law that provides rights and obligations. Whereas legal responsibility here means that there are obligations and rights that must be fulfilled in accordance with both agreement and the applicable laws and regulations. The method used is of descriptive normative legal research. Based on the results of the research, construction of legal relations that occur between managers and insurance companies related to visitors as the insured that is each visitor insured by the manager to the insurance company. Managers with visitors, namely the relationship of buying and selling tourism services. An insurance company with visitors, in the form of a company obligation with visitors to a tourist park that is optional and must be insurance. The responsibility of the guarantor is facultative that means the insured are based there or not an evenemen, if no one evenemen the obligation for insurance companies was not there and otherwise, and tourist attractions that visitors obligation to pay premiums.Whereas in legal responsibility, the insured can ask for legal responsibility in accordance with the insurance agreement, namely fulfillment of material losses and if not satisfied, the insured can ask for legal responsibility in accordance with the law, namely in fulfilling immaterial losses. However, if the insured in this case still does not meet the meeting point, a settlement could be made. Disputes settlement could be carried out through litigation and non-litigation.<br />Keywords: insured; insurance; legal relations; legal responsibilities.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konstruksi hubungan hukum yang terjadi antar pihak  dalam asuransi jiwa pada Taman Wisata Alam Grojogan Sewu dan tanggung jawab hukum bagi pengelola. Hubungan hukum adalah hubungan yang diatur oleh hukum yang menimbulkan hak dan kewajiban. Sedangkan  tanggung jawab hukum disini dimaksudkan adanya kewajiban dan hak yang harus dipenuhi sesuai dengan perjanjian maupun peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif bersifat deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian konstruksi hubungan hukum yang terjadi antara pengelola dengan perusahaan asuransi berkaitan dengan pengunjung sebagai tertanggung yaitu setiap pengunjung diasuransikan oleh pengelola kepada perusahaan asuransi. Pengelola dengan pengunjung yaitu adanya hubungan jual beli jasa pariwisata. Perusahaan asuransi dengan pengunjung yaitu berupa kewajiban perusahaan dengan pengunjung taman wisata yang bersifat fakultatif wajib asuransi. Adanya tanggung jawab penanggung bersifat fakultatif berarti pada pertanggungan didasarkan ada atau tidaknya suatu evenemen, apabila tidak ada suatu evenemen maka kewajiban bagi perusahaan asuransi itu tidak ada begitu pula sebaliknya, dan kewajiban pengunjung tempat wisata yaitu membayar premi. Sedangkan pada tanggung jawab hukum, tertanggung dapat meminta tanggung jawab hukum sesuai dengan perjanjian asuransi yaitu pemenuhan kerugian materiil dan apabila tidak puas maka tertanggung dapat meminta tanggung jawab hukum sesuai dengan undang-undang yaitu dalam pemenuhan kerugian imateriil. Namun apabila tertanggung dalam hal ini tetap tidak menemui titik temu maka dapat dilakukan penyelesaian. Untuk Penyelesaian sengketa dapat dilakukan melalui litigasi dan  non litigasi.<br />Kata kunci : Tertanggung; Asuransi; Hubungan Hukum; Tanggung jawab Hukum.</p>


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