scholarly journals Assay system for mesocotyl elongation and hydrotropism of maize primary root in response to low moisture gradient

BioTechniques ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-527
Author(s):  
Mery Nair Sáenz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gladys Iliana Cassab López
Keyword(s):  
Primary Root ◽  
Test System ◽  
Moisture Gradient ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Mesocotyl Elongation ◽  
Maize Genetic ◽  
Emergence Phase ◽  
Gradient Condition ◽  
Potential Use

We designed and validated a test system that simulates a growth environment for  Zea mays L. maize seedlings under conditions of low moisture gradient in darkness. This system allowed us to simultaneously measure mesocotyl elongation and the primary root hydrotropic response in seedlings before the emergence phase in a collection of maize hybrids. We found great variation in these two traits with statistically significant reduction of their elongations under the low moisture gradient condition that indicate the richness of maize genetic diversity. Hence, the objective of designing a new test system that evaluates the association between these underground traits with the potential use to measure other traits in maize seedlings related to early vigor was achieved.

scholarly journals Network Analysis of Different Exogenous Hormones on the Regulation of Deep Sowing Tolerance in Maize Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenqi Chen ◽  
Xiangzhuo Ji ◽  
Mingxing Bai ◽  
Zelong Zhuang ◽  
Yunling Peng
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Line ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Exogenous Hormones ◽  
Mesocotyl Elongation ◽  
Gene Modules ◽  
Transcriptome Expression ◽  
Planting Method

The planting method of deep sowing can make the seeds make full use of water in deep soil, which is considered to be an effective way to respond to drought stress. However, deep sowing will affect the growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) at seedling stage. To better understand the response of maize to deep sowing stress and the mechanism of exogenous hormones [Gibberellin (GA3), Brassinolide (BR), Strigolactone (SL)] alleviates the damaging effects of deep-sowing stress, the physiological and transcriptome expression profiles of seedlings of deep sowing sensitive inbred line Zi330 and the deep-tolerant inbred line Qi319 were compared under deep sowing stress and the conditions of exogenous hormones alleviates stress. The results showed that mesocotyl elongated significantly after both deep sowing stress and application of exogenous hormones, and its elongation was mainly through elongation and expansion of cell volume. Hormone assays revealed no significant changes in zeatin (ZT) content of the mesocotyl after deep sowing and exogenous hormone application. The endogenous GA3 and auxin (IAA) contents in the mesocotyl of the two inbred lines increased significantly after the addition of exogenous GA3, BR, and SL under deep sowing stress compared to deep sowing stress, while BR and SL decreased significantly. Transcriptome analysis showed that the deep seeding stress was alleviated by GA3, BR, and SLs, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly included cellulose synthase, expansin and glucanase, oxidase, lignin biosynthesis genes and so on. We also found that protein phosphatase 2C and GA receptor GID1 enhanced the ability of resist deep seeding stress in maize by participating in the abscisic acid (ABA) and the GA signaling pathway, respectively. In addition, we identified two gene modules that were significantly related to mesocotyl elongation, and identified some hub genes that were significantly related to mesocotyl elongation by WGCNA analysis. These genes were mainly involved in transcription regulation, hydrolase activity, protein binding and plasma membrane. Our results from this study may provide theoretical basis for determining the maize deep seeding tolerance and the mechanism by which exogenous hormones regulates deep seeding tolerance.

scholarly journals Red Light-inhibited Mesocotyl Elongation in Maize Seedlings

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry N. Vanderhoef ◽  
Winslow R. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Mesocotyl Elongation

Effect of organic pollutant treatment on the growth of pea and maize seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Kummerová ◽  
Štěpán Zezulka ◽  
Lucie Váňová ◽  
Helena Fišerová
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Primary And Lateral Roots

AbstractThis study confirmed the considerable effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluoranthene (FLT; 0.01, 0.1, 1, 4 and 7 mg/l) exposure on the germination of seeds, growth and root morphology of seedlings in Zea mays and Pisum sativum. Seed germination was significantly inhibited at FLT≥0.01 mg/l in maize and at ≥1 mg/l in pea. The amount of released ethylene after 3 days of germination was significantly increased in both species at FLT≥0.1 mg/l. After 7 days of seedling cultivation a significant decrease in the dry weight of roots and shoots occurred in maize at FLT≥0.1 mg/l while in pea similar effect was observed at ≥1 mg/l. The total length of primary and lateral roots was significantly reduced by FLT≥1 mg/l in maize and by 4 and 7 mg/l in pea. The length of the non-branched part of the primary root was significantly reduced by FLT≥0.1 mg/l in maize and ≥0.01 mg/l in pea. In both species the number of lateral roots was significantly increased at FLT≤1 mg/l and inhibited at concentrations of 4 and 7 mg/l. Fluoranthene content in roots and shoots of both species positively correlated with the FLT treatment.

Coronatine inhibits mesocotyl elongation by promoting ethylene production in etiolated maize seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingru Liu ◽  
Yuyi Zhou ◽  
Guanmin Huang ◽  
Nana Zhu ◽  
Zhaohu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Mesocotyl Elongation

scholarly journals In planta test system for targeted cellular mutagenesis by injection of oligonucleotides to apical meristem of maize seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feríz Rádi ◽  
Bettina Nagy ◽  
Györgyi Ferenc ◽  
Katalin Török ◽  
István Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Test System ◽  
Phytoene Desaturase ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Desaturase Gene

AbstractGenome-editing tools from Oligonucleotide-Directed Mutagenesis (ODM) to CRISPR system use synthetic oligonucleotides for targeted exchange of nucleotides. Presently, majority of genome-editing protocols are dependent on the in vitro cell or tissue culture systems with somaclonal variation, and limitations in plant regeneration. Therefore, here, we report an alternative in planta cellular test system for optimization of the ODM, based on the injection of oligonucleotide solution into the apical meristematic region of haploid maize seedlings. Using 5′-fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides, we detected accumulation of synthetic DNA molecules in cells of the shoot apical meristem and of the vascular bundles of leaf primordia. For silencing or knocking down of the phytoene desaturase gene in somatic cells, 41-mer long single-stranded oligonucleotides with TAG stop codon were injected into maize seedlings. We detected out-growing M1 plantlets that developed leaves with white stripes or pale-green color. Confocal microscopy of white stripes showed that in addition to the chlorophyll fluorescence-deficient tissue region, chlorophyll containing cells are present in white stripes. The Ion Torrent sequencing of DNA samples from the white stripes indicated 0.13–1.50% read frequency for the TAG stop codon in the phytoene desaturase gene. Appearance of chlorotic abnormalities supports the mutagenic nature of oligonucleotide molecules after injection into the shoot apical meristem region of maize seedling. The described protocol provides basis for early seedling stage characterization of functionality of a mutagenic oligonucleotide with different chemistry and testing efficiency of various treatment combinations at plant level.

scholarly journals 1001 ANOXIA TOLERANCE OF MAIZE SEEDLING ROOTS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 573a-573
Author(s):  
B. G. Cobb ◽  
D. L. Andrews ◽  
D. M. MacAlpine ◽  
J. R. Johnson ◽  
M. C. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Maize Seedling ◽  
Anoxia Tolerance ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Stress ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Seedling Roots

We have been examining the response of maize seedling roots to oxygen stress. Previously, we have shown that maize seedlings with primary root lengths of 10cm or greater require a pretreatment with low oxygen (hypoxia) for survival of greater than 12 hours of anoxia. During the pretreatment there is induction of mRNA and increase in enzymatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and other enzymes that are necessary for alcoholic fermentation. However, we have found that younger seedlings do not need a pretreatment to survive anoxia. They appear to have high levels of ADH and other enzymes that are needed for anaerobic survival at levels equivalent to those that are induced in older seedlings. These results suggest that, at the time of seedling emergence, seedlings may be more adapted to oxygen stress than during later stages of growth.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Long Non-Coding RNA to Be Involved in the Key Metabolic Pathway in Response to Waterlogging Stress in Maize

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Yu ◽  
Zengdong Tan ◽  
Tian Fang ◽  
Kaiyuan Tang ◽  
Kun Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Waterlogging Tolerance ◽  
Hypoxia Response ◽  
Waterlogging Stress

Waterlogging stress (WS) in a dynamic environment seriously limits plant growth, development, and yield. The regulatory mechanism underlying WS conditions at an early stage in maize seedlings is largely unknown. In the present study, the primary root tips of B73 seedlings were sampled before (0 h) and after (2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, and 12 h) WS and then subjected to transcriptome sequencing, resulting in the identification of differentially expressed protein-coding genes (DEpcGs) and long non-coding RNAs (DElncRs) in response to WS. These DEpcGs were classified into nine clusters, which were significantly enriched in several metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and methionine metabolism. Several transcription factor families, including AP2-EREBP, bZIP, NAC, bHLH, and MYB, were also significantly enriched. In total, 6099 lncRNAs were identified, of which 3190 were DElncRs. A co-expression analysis revealed lncRNAs to be involved in 11 transcription modules, 10 of which were significantly associated with WS. The DEpcGs in the four modules were enriched in the hypoxia response pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, MAPK signaling, and carotenoid biosynthesis, in which 137 DElncRs were also co-expressed. Most of the co-expressed DElncRs were co-localized with previously identified quantitative trait loci associated with waterlogging tolerance. A quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of DEpcG and DElncR expression among the 32 maize genotypes after 4 h of WS verified significant expression correlations between them as well as significant correlation with the phenotype of waterlogging tolerance. Moreover, the high proportion of hypoxia response elements in the promoter region increased the reliability of the DElncRs identified in this study. These results provide a comprehensive transcriptome in response to WS at an early stage of maize seedlings and expand our understanding of the regulatory network involved in hypoxia in plants.

scholarly journals TEST SYSTEM BASED ON ROOT EXUDATES FOR HIGH-YIELDING COMMON BUCKWHEAT ( FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM MOENCH.) FORM SCREENING

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
A. Kosyan ◽  
O. Smirnov ◽  
N. Taran ◽  
V. Burdyga
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Test System ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Gel Layer ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

A new effective non-invasive method of screening of highly productive forms of buckwheat sowing (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) based on rapid testing of buckwheat seedling intensity exudation of organic acids root system in the laboratory is offered. Buckwheat seeds were germinated on agar gel layer which contains in its composition acid-base indicator followed by visual assessment of the indicator color changes around primary root and plants with the largest area of color change were selected. The effectiveness of the method was confirmed in the field conditions by phenotyping of plants and significant differences in determining the structure and yield performance of selected plants were found. Statistical analysis of indicators grain number and grain weight showed that these indicators in selected plants were over 6 times higher than in the control variant with the degree of reliability of 99%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document