scholarly journals KOTA PROBOLINGGO: DARI PANOPTIKON KE FRAGMENTED POWER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Anas Hidayat ◽  
Y.A. Widriyakara
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Train Station ◽  
International Commodity ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
The Universe

Title: The City of Probolinggo: From Panopticon to Fragmented Power The City of Probolinggo, was designed during the Dutch colonial administration. It is very clearly shows the pattern of the city as a city-scale panopticon, as it is mentioned in the theory of Jeremy Bentham. The city layout could be explained as follow: the resident's office (regional leader) becomes the center (as well as the supervisor) of a linear and straight government environment from the south (Jalan Raya Pos) to the north (Probolinggo Lama port). The Probolinggo resident office can spatially "over look" the area to the direction of north, starting from the square, then train station, then the warehouses until it ends at the port located in the Madura Strait. The power of the panopticon is not just a matter of political space, but also includes it as a defense space, economic space, social space and even cultural space. When compared with current conditions, so now the power has changed the pattern from the centralized to more fragmented, as Richard Rorty's understanding of 'the breaking of the great mirror of the universe'.There is no longer a dominant center (and at the same time overseeing), all have their own strength to show themselves. Central to the current administration is the office of the mayor of Probolinggo, whose position has shifted from the old resident's office (now the Kodim 0820 headquarters) to the west. The area of the square was then only a mere symbolic area. The train station has turned into a means of transportation, especially for humans, it is no longer a semi-passive international commodity transporter, its relationship with the port has also been severed. The weakness, between the elements of the city to be like not connected, there is no synergy between one another.

The Fifteenth-Century Garner at Leadenhall, London

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Common Market ◽  
The West ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City ◽  
Full Height

Excavation and observations from 1984–6 on the Leadenhall Court site in the City of London revealed elements of the fifteenth-century market building known as ‘The Leadenhall’. The truncated foundations were located in various areas of the site; 177 medieval moulded stones were found reused in later cellar walls; and a fragment of the west wall survived to its full height of 11.17m encased between Victorian buildings. The recording and subsequent study of these features, together with a reassessment of such plans and drawings of the building as have survived, established the ground plan of the quadrangle and chapel, and made possible a complete reconstruction of the north range of this important civic building. The methodology used in the reconstructions is described with particular emphasis upon the analysis of the moulded stones. In conclusion, both the design of the structure and the documentary sources are studied to show how it may have been intended to function.The arcaded ground floor functioned as part of a common market, while the upper floors were intended to be a granary. For convenience, however, this dual-purpose building is referred to as the ‘garner’ throughout the text.

scholarly journals VII. An account of a storm of thunder and lightning at Norwich, on the 13th of July 1758

1759 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
The West ◽  
Window Frame ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Thunder Storm ◽  
Thursday Afternoon ◽  
East End ◽  
The City

About four o’clock on Thursday afternoon, July 13th 1758. a short but severe thunder-storm, with lightning, fell upon the top of an house standing alone, and belonging to a common garden, on the causeway near Sandling's ferry, in the city of Norwich; struck off the tiles of the roof at the east end, to the space of a yard or two 5 burnt a very small hole in the middle of a lath, in piercing into the chamber, and then darted to the north-east; ript off the top of an old chair, without throwing it down; snapt the two heads of the bed-posts, rent the curtains, drove against the wall (the front of the house stands due north-east), forced out an upright of a window frame a yard long, three inches broad, and two thick; smote it in a right line into an opposite ditch, ten or twelve yards distant; then struck down on the wall of the chamber, paring off half a foot s breadth of its plaistered covering quite down to the floor, listed up a board of the floor, and leaving an hole of half an inch diameter, pierced thro’ by the side of the main beam into the kitchen, towards the west end of a pewter- shelf; traversed the whole shelf to the east, and melted superficially to the breadth of a shilling six pewter dishes, two plates, and a pewter bason, all standing touching one another: two of the dishes were thrown down, the rest not displaced.

A Ball Court Located on the San Pedro River in Southeastern Arizona

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Dipeso
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
River Channel ◽  
The West ◽  
San Pedro River ◽  
The North ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Cochise County ◽  
Desert Flora ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The Amerind Foundation, Inc. spent the first three weeks of December, 1948, excavating a ball court at the archaeological site of Arizona:BB:15:3, which is located in Cochise County, Sec. 20, T15S, R20E. The actual village area is located on the west bank of the San Pedro River twenty-two miles north of the city of Benson at an approximate elevation of 3300 feet.The ball court was located in the north half of the village on a terrace some forty feet above the river channel. It appeared as a shallow but conspicuous oval depression which was overgrown with mesquite trees and other desert flora of the Sonoran plateau type. Fortunately the court had not been disturbed by any previous excavations nor by erosion (Fig. 86, a).

scholarly journals Development of Medan Labuhan Train Station

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Indah Sekarini ◽  
Nelson M Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
City Center ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
The City

Development of the city center of Medan Labuhan area requires public infrastructure to support community needs activities. One of the most needs is a train station. A train station is an important part in a contemporary urban area for living, entertaining and working. Trains assessed can cope with transportation problems that occur between regions. With the above considerations, it is necessary to make efforts that can improve the condition of Medan Labuhan Train Station. The approach of a design of Medan Labuhan Station Development is the theme of Neo Vernacular Architecture so that it can be aligned with the old station and surrounding buildings and support conservation activities in Chinatown Medan Labuhan. Improvement can be done by the development of Labuhan Station is a passenger station that can accommodate all the required activities and provide services as much as possible, so that service users feel well served and support various activities center and sub-center services Medan City in the North located in Medan Labuhan The method of study there are two approaches to this approach, the observation method, and the literature method. Observation method is done with several times to survey to the location of design. While the literature method is done by collecting data, both secondary data and primary data

scholarly journals Some Questions About Evaluating the Role Transport Factor in Economic History the North-West of Russia in the Late XIX – early XX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Kuznetsov ◽  
Nikolay M. Mezhevich ◽  
Vladimir M. Razumovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
North West ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The North ◽  
The City

Introduction. At present, the understanding that the solution of economic problems facing Russia cannot be based on standard economic approaches and models. It is gradually becoming obvious that attention to the spatial and historical features of the development of the Russian economy has not only academic interest, but also quite obvious practical significance. This can be proved on historical, or more precisely, historical and economic material. In fact, the theory of logic, taken broadly, is based on this. The development of transport and versatile tool to reduce the adverse impacts of space on the eco-economy, physical space turns into economic. The lack of transport connectivity of territories devalues the space of the economy (economic space) to a physical or geographical space. The purpose of the article is to show the role of the city of Saint Petersburg in the economic space of the North-West (understood as Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Novgorod, Pskov provinces) and Russia as a whole, through the development of railway transport in a concrete historical way. Materials and Methods. The historical method is used as the main method. In Russia, the spatial analysis method is almost mandatory, and it is also applied in this article. This method has been widely used in economic history, particularly in the study of transport. At the same time, we recognize the existence of research methods and techniques that are not suitable for this work, for example, the practice of economic and demographic analysis, especially in the neo-Malthusian version. The authors involve in the analysis the works of Russian and foreign scientists on the topic of the article. Results. The article shows the role of the city of Saint Petersburg as an economic and transport center taken in historical dynamics. The role of an important but single transport center in the economic development of Russia is revealed. The thesis is proved that the optimal choice of reference points for economic development has a positive impact on the development of the economic space of the entire country. Discussion and Conclusion. The article proves that the spatial scale of Russia contributes to the fact that the financial results of economic activity can be localized at a significant distance from the place of economic activity.

scholarly journals Cavanaugh: A Late Prehistoric Platform Mound in Western Arkansas

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
The South ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
The West ◽  
Arkansas River ◽  
The North ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Fort Smith ◽  
High Terrace ◽  
The City

Cavanaugh Mound (3SB3, also known as Etter's Mound, Jones Mound, Site Zeta, and occasionally misspelled Cavenaugh) is a largely intact Late Prehistoric platform mound on the Arkansas River just east of the Oklahoma border, about 14 km from the Spiro Mounds complex. The site is situated on a high terrace above the Arkansas River as it runs between the Ouachita Mountains to the south and the Ozarks to the north. The Poteau River enters the Arkansas River floodplain just west of Cavanaugh, creating one of the widest stretches of bottomland in the region. The area immediately around Cavanaugh Mound is now a residential neighborhood in the city of Fort Smith, and the mound itself is in a tiny lot with a church to the south, a trailer park to the east (named Indian Mounds Trailer Park), and a row of houses to the west. At about 60 m across and 9 m high, Cavanaugh Mound is one of the largest, if not the largest, prehistoric mound in the region. Very little has been published concerning this site, however, and very little formal archeological work has been done there. This article is partly intended to call attention to Cavanaugh Mound, and to compile all reports and descriptions of the mound in one publication. The first part of the article is therefore mostly descriptive. I also offer some tentative interpretations of the site and its possible relationship to the nearby Spiro and Skidgel sites. The size , shape, and stratigraphy of the mound all indicate that it was constructed and used in a manner similar to other Caddoan era platform mounds in the Arkansas River valley. The mound appears to be alone on the landscape, not connected to a group of surrounding mounds and not located within or near a contemporaneous settlement. It overlooks the Poteau/ Arkansas River bottoms to the west and was probably visible from both the Spiro and Skidgel sites in prehistoric times.

scholarly journals REDESIGN OF RANTAU PRAPAT TRAIN STATION

ASTONJADRO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Sanggam Bonifasius Sihombing ◽  
Syamsulsyah Lubis ◽  
Michael Anderson Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Limited Time ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Train Station ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
The North ◽  
Transportation Modes ◽  
Human Need ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
The City ◽  
Destination City

<p>Along with the passage of time, the human need for modes of transportation is increasing. The increasing number of residents is inversely proportional to the limited time they have, so transportation modes such as trains are one solution. Rantau Prapat Railway Station has many shortcomings which of course must be improved and added to be able to serve the community in the future. This redesign is oriented to the community as users of transportation modes, how the flow of human and vehicle circulation is the main problem. The Rantau Prapat Railway Station must also be an attractive city gate, especially since the city of Rantau Prapat is the last destination city on the North Sumatra railway line. Therefore, the application of the Contextual Architecture theme is used so that the design that is set also follows the flow of an increasingly sophisticated future era. How a Railway Station that can function well functionally but can also be a city gate that gives interest to visit.</p>

scholarly journals Gubernur Jenderal VOC Jan Pieterszoon Coen dan Pembangun Kota Batavia (1619-1629)

Sosio e-kons ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Rani Noviyanti
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The establishment of the city of Batavia on the west coast of the north coast of Java, cannot be separated from the role of a figure named Jean Pieterzoon Coen. Although previously Jayakarta (the name before Batavia), was controlled and built by Pangeran Fatahillah, the situation and conditions in the social and economic fields of Jayakarta were not like the management of J.P. Coen. After Jayakarta was controlled by the VOC, through a military expedition policy designed by JP. Coen, the condition of the city of Jayakarta slowly gradually increased in the social and economic fields. The increase in the city of Batavia in the social and economic fields was based on three JP policies. Coen was quite brave, namely increasing trade activities in the Sunda port of Kalapa, revitalizing the position of the islands in northern Batavia as a base of administration and defense and security, and opening the widest door for Chinese traders and immigrants. The three policies, in fact, were purely based on the thoughts outlined by JP. Coen, after taking over the Jayakarta area from the mastery of Prince Fatahillah.</p><p>Keywords: J.P. Coen, Kota Batavia.</p><p><strong><em>ABSTRAK</em></strong></p><p>Pendirian kota Batavia di sebelah barat pesisir pantai utara Jawa, tidak dapat dipisahkan dari peran seorang tokoh yang bernama Jean Pieterzoon Coen. Meskipun sebelumnya Jayakarta (nama sebelum Batavia), dikuasai dan dibangun oleh Pangeran Fatahillah, akan tetapi situasi dan kondisi dalam bidang sosial dan ekonomi Jayakarta tidak seperti pada masa pengelolaan J.P. Coen. Setelah Jayakarta dikuasai oleh VOC, melalui kebijakan ekspedisi militer yang dirancang oleh JP. Coen, keadaan kota Jayakarta perlahan demi perlahan semakin meningkat dalam bidang sosial dan ekonomi. Peningkatan kota Batavia dalam lapangan sosial dan ekonomi dilatari oleh tiga kebijakan JP. Coen yang cukup berani, yakni meningkatkan aktivitas perdagangan di pelabuhan Sunda Kalapa, merevitalisasi kedudukan pulau-pulau di utara Batavia sebagai basis adiministrasi dan pertahanan dan keamanan, serta membuka pintu seluas-luasnya bagi pedagang dan pendatang etnis Tionghoa. Tiga kebijakan tersebut, sejatinya meurpakan murni hasil pemikiran yang dituangkan olh JP. Coen, setelah mengambil alih wilayah Jayakarta dari penguasaan pangeran Fatahillah.</p><p>Kata Kunci : J.P. Coen, Kota Batavia.</p>

“Eskimo” Immigrants and Colonial Soldiers: Icelandic Immigrants and the North-West Resistance, 1885

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (s1) ◽  
pp. s309-s338
Author(s):  
Laurie K. Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
The West ◽  
New Developments ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Working

How did marginalized and racialized ethnic immigrants transform themselves into active, armed colonial agents in nineteenth-century Western Canada? Approximately twenty Icelanders enlisted to fight Louis Riel’s forces during the North-West Resistance in 1885, just ten years following the arrival of Icelandic immigrants in present-day Manitoba. Forty more reportedly enlisted in an Icelandic-Canadian battalion to enforce the government’s victory in the fall. This public, armed stance of a group of Icelanders against Indigenous forces in 1885 is somewhat unexpected, since most Icelanders were relatively recent arrivals in the West and, in Winnipeg, members of the largely unskilled urban working class. Moreover, they were widely rumoured among Winnipeggers to be from a “blubber-eating race” and of “Eskimo” extraction; community accounts testify to the discrimination numerous early Icelanders faced in the city. These factors initially make Icelanders unexpected colonialists, particularly since nineteenth-century ethnic immigration and colonial suppression so often appear as separate processes in Canadian historiography. Indeed, this scholarship is characterized by an enduring belief that Western Canadian colonialism was a distinctly Anglo sin. Ethnic immigrants often appear in scholarly and popular histories as sharing a history of marginalization with Indigenous people that prevented migrants from taking part in colonial displacement. Proceeding from the neglected history of Icelandic enlistment in 1885 and new developments in Icelandic historiography, this article argues that rather than negating ethnic participation in Indigenous suppression, ethnic marginality and the class tensions it created could actually fuel participation in colonial campaigns, which promised immigrants upward mobility, access to state support, and land.

Corinth

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Fant ◽  
Mitchell G. Reddish
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Southern Greece ◽  
Of Greece

No city in the ancient world both benefited and suffered from its location more than Corinth. Situated on the main north-south route between northern and southern Greece, and with two good ports that linked it to Italy on the west and Asia Minor on the east, Corinth quickly became a center for commerce. But the location of Corinth also had its downside. The city often found itself caught in the middle between hostile neighbors, Athens to the north and Sparta to the south. Armies crisscrossed its streets as often as merchants, and more than once the city had to arise from ashes and rubble. Today only Athens attracts more interest in Greece for its historic antiquities than Corinth. It ranks as a must-see location for every traveler to Greece. Ancient Corinth is located less than two hours south of Athens. Tours run often from local hotels. Likewise, a rental automobile gives easy access and makes it possible to see nearby sites of interest not on the usual tours. The great city of Corinth prospered for many reasons. In addition to its prominence as a center for trade and commerce, agriculture also flourished in the area. The soil around the city was thin and rocky, but just to the west, along the Nemean River, a rich plain produced heavy harvests of grain and other crops. Raisins were first developed there, and the word currant is a medieval corruption of Corinth. Tourism was another important source of income. The famous Isthmian Games, second only to the Olympic Games and more prestigious than those held in Delphi and Nemea, brought thousands of tourists to Corinth every two years and further added to its fame and fortune. During its early period Corinth also attracted many travelers to its famous (or notorious) Temple of Aphrodite atop the Acrocorinth (“high Corinth,” or upper Corinth, the portion of the city atop the 1,900-foot mountain to the southeast of the city). Additionally, according to Plutarch, these multiple sources of wealth caused Corinth to become one of the three great banking centers of Greece, along with Athens and Patrae.

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