REDESIGN OF RANTAU PRAPAT TRAIN STATION

<p>Along with the passage of time, the human need for modes of transportation is increasing. The increasing number of residents is inversely proportional to the limited time they have, so transportation modes such as trains are one solution. Rantau Prapat Railway Station has many shortcomings which of course must be improved and added to be able to serve the community in the future. This redesign is oriented to the community as users of transportation modes, how the flow of human and vehicle circulation is the main problem. The Rantau Prapat Railway Station must also be an attractive city gate, especially since the city of Rantau Prapat is the last destination city on the North Sumatra railway line. Therefore, the application of the Contextual Architecture theme is used so that the design that is set also follows the flow of an increasingly sophisticated future era. How a Railway Station that can function well functionally but can also be a city gate that gives interest to visit.</p>

IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA I-SOS DALAM PENYELESAIAN TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM (TSP)

The problem with TSP is an attempt to find the shortest distance traveled by a salesman in visiting each city without having to visit the same city more than once. The purpose of implementing the I-SOS algorithm in this case is to find the minimum distance traveled, a solution can be obtained after going through the calculation of the mutualism phase, commensalism phase, parasitism phase and predation phase. The resolution of TSP problems in the study begins with the process of identifying each city by providing a random value to represent each destination city. The random value used is between 0 and 1, the random results obtained will then be sorted with the provision that the smallest random value will be used as the initial for city A while the largest random value is used as the initial for city D. In the first random, the random value | 0.5 | 0.27 | 0.75 | 0.25 | the city representation of the random number is | C | B | D | A | or if the values are sorted, the city order will be obtained, namely A = 0.25, B = 0.27, C = 0.5 and D = 0.75, this process will continue until all the organisms defined in the ecosystem are formed

Information Transmission Mechanism of Inequality of Opportunity and Effort on Settlement Intention

China is promoting sustainable economic development through urbanisation, but migrants’ low settlement intention has become an obstacle to the urbanisation process. The key leading to this problem is that the current economic system lacks an index with high information transparency to convey the characteristics of the destination city, so that migrants’ choice of settling city is a kind of act of chance. By referring to Roemer’s equality of opportunity theory, this paper takes the indexes of inequality of opportunity (IO) and inequality of effort (IE) of the destination as market signals representing the characteristics information of destination, innovatively proposes an information transmission mechanism to improve migrants’ settlement intention. According to the IO and IE of the destination, migrants can effectively identify the economic incentive modes and social characteristics of the destination city before migration, and then make an accurate judgment on the possibility of realizing income growth and social integration in the destination. The feasibility of this mechanism was verified by the data of China Labor-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS). The result indicates that IO and IE can indeed convey information about economic incentives of the destination and attract migrants to settle down there. In addition, IE can convey positive messages on two social characteristics of the destination, namely, promotion fairness and social network, while IO sends negative messages on both aspects. Cities that plan to expand their population scale can leverage this mechanism to optimise their IO and IE indexes, so as to attract migrants to settle down in the city.

Evaluation of the ecoefficiency of greenhouse gases generation in the provision of complementary meals in a public hospital

The present study aimed to assess Ecoefficiency (EE) related to the emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) from the transport of the inputs used to provide complementary meals at a large university hospital in Brazil. For EE calculations, the annual energy supply in kilocalories of the inputs used and the estimated GHG emissions were considered, considering the distance in kilometers between the place of origin of each product and the destination city in southern Brazil. 31 products were used and selected for complementary meals distributed in the groups of: dairy products, cookies, drinks, supplements, and enteral diets for adults and pediatrics. The results showed that EE was directly related to the origin of the products, especially in enteral diets. The application of the Spearman correlation coefficient showed a strong negative correlation of -0.8119 [CI (95%) -0.9023; -0.6531] between the variables distance in kilometers and eco-efficiency and also when comparing GHG emissions with kilocalories. The health sector must play its role in relation to environmental impacts also in the assessment of GHG emissions in the context of nutritional therapy.

Analisa Kesepakatan ASEAN Open Skies Terhadap Lalu Lintas Penumpang dan Pesawat di Asia Tenggara

Sektor transportasi udara merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam mendukung kegiatan perekonomian di suatu negara. untuk mencapai hal tersebut negara-negara yang tergabung di dalam ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nation) sepakat untuk menjalankan kebijakan liberalisasi transportasi udara atau lebih dikenal dengan ASEAN Single Aviation Market (ASAM) atau ASEAN Open Skies. Tujuan dari kebijakan tersebut adalah meliberalisasi akses pasar dengan mengendurkan hambatan kebebasan transportasi udara (freedom of air) yang ke-3, ke-4 dan ke-5 antar negara-negara anggota ASEAN. Studi ini secara spesifik bertujuan untuk menghitung akibat dari kesepakatan ASEAN Single Aviation Market terhadap volume penumpang internasional dan maskapai penerbangan (low-cost carrier/LCC dan full-service carrier/FSC). Studi ini menggunakan data lalu lintas penumpang dan pesawat yang diperoleh dari OAG (official airline guide) yaitu data lalu lintas udara dengan rute kedatangan dan keberangkatan 30 bandara utama internasional di Asia Timur dan Asia Tenggara, pada periode waktu tahun 2010, 2015 dan 2017). Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada studi ini menggunakan DID (Difference in Differences) fixed effects, dengan jumlah observasi sebanyak 232,437 OD city pair (Origin-destination city pair). Hasil dari studi menunjukkan bahwa kesepakatan ASEAN Open Skies berdampak positif terhadap lalu lintas penumpang dan pesawat, yaitu total penumpang internasional, penumpang LCC, maskapai LCC, dan maskapai FSC pada rute antar-kota di Asia Tenggara, baik rute kedatangan maupun keberangkatan. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah literatur yang terkait dengan industri penerbangan khususnya tentang liberalisasi transportasi udara.

FROM NATIVE TO OUTLANDER: EXPLORING INFORMAL COMMUNITY IN CHENGZHONGCUN OF CHINA

In the existing research on Chinese migration, rural domestic Chinese migrants are often portrayed as a community of intruders with a detached culture who invade a host destination city. Usually, as a first step, they settle down in a so-called “Chengzhongcun” (literally a village encircled by the city boundaries, hereafter CZC), which is a kind of “urban village”, or an undeveloped part of a city that is overshadowed by the more developed areas. The present paper tries to give an image of the rural-to-urban migrants as a more vigorous mediator that forms their migration destination. The aims are the following: first, to achieve a detailed written analysis of an existing CZC community and its functioning as a mirror of the discriminating division between the rural and urban life in China. Secondly, by taking into account the experiences of migrant communities in their host cities, this paper seeks to highlight the migrants' emotional conflict and increasing loss of values that occurs in the migration process from the rural to the urban. Thirdly, the migrants' household survival strategies shall be explored. Finally, weaving these strands together, this paper presents a case study of a Tulou collective housing project in Guangzhou Province, China.

Upward or downward comparison? Migrants’ socioeconomic status and subjective wellbeing in Chinese cities

Understanding the mechanism by which internal migrants evaluate their quality of life is essential for understanding the social integration of migrants into Chinese cities. A few studies have examined the linkages between internal migrants’ objective socioeconomic status and subjective wellbeing in the Chinese context, but they assume that migrants compare themselves with either their sending communities or receiving cities when evaluating their working and living conditions. This paper examines the effect of internal migrants’ objective socioeconomic status on subjective wellbeing in Chinese cities, with a particular focus on the mediating role of perceived living standards relative to multiple reference groups and the differences between first- and second-generation migrants. Multi-level structural equation models are used to analyse data from the 2014 China Labour-force Dynamic Survey. Results from baseline regressions indicate that migrants’ family income is positively associated with their subjective wellbeing in both a direct and an indirect manner, while homeownership in the host city is only related to it in an indirect way. The relationship between family income, homeownership in the host city and subjective wellbeing is significantly mediated by perceived living standards relative to the reference groups of schoolmates, neighbours and local urban residents in the destination city. Results from the comparison between two generations of migrants indicate that only family income is positively associated with the subjective wellbeing of first-generation migrants. By contrast, for second-generation migrants, homeownership in the destination city is indirectly related to subjective wellbeing through perceived living standards relative to local urban residents.

Intra-European Mobility of Skilled Expatriates and Place-Identity: Interwoven Social Representations of Rome and Warsaw

This paper discusses the influence of social representations of a destination city on the motivation and development of individual mobility patterns, using questionnaires with a projective technique and guided interviews. The participants were 60 skilled expatriates in two different European capital cities: Italians residing in Warsaw and Poles residing in Rome. The study demonstrates the relevance of place-identity for the meaning of place within urban culture, in the context where global and local issues are interwoven. It also features the transformation of social representations of the two cities.