scholarly journals A Review on Studies Based on Vehicle Stability and Safety on Rural Horizontal Curves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y K Remya ◽  
Anitha Jacob ◽  
E A Subaida
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Vehicle Occupant ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Curve Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Design

All over the world India bangs the top most position in crash deaths. Nearly 1.2 lakh people die every year on Indian roads. Crashes involving rolloverand lateral skidding are now responsible for almost 1/3 of all highway vehicle occupant fatalities. So, rollovers and skidding are more serious than other types of crashes. One of the major reasons for such incidents is vehicle instability at curves due to its inconsistent geometric design. This necessitates a review on current design guidelines followed in India. Many researchers have pointed out drawbacks of current design approach and a few have identified various influential factors which are significant in curve design to reduce rollover and lateral skidding. When some researchers conducted field studies to measure vehicle stability at selected curves, some carried out computer simulations. There are efforts to incorporate vehicular characteristics in curve design which is much appreciable. This paper aims to project efforts made by researchers to reduce vehicle instability at horizontal curves. Moreover, gaps in these research works and scope for further research are highlighted.

scholarly journals Truck stability on different types of horizontal curves combined with vertical alignments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Mohamed S. A. E. A. Dabbour
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Design Speed

The combination of horizontal curves with vertical alignments is commonly used in different classifications of highways; either on highway mainstream or on highway interchange ramps. The horizontal curves, combined with vertical alignments, may be single, compound or reverse horizontal curves. The current design guidelines do not adequately investigate vehicle stability on such three-dimensional (3D) alignments. Computer software that simulates vehicle behaviour on different geometrical alignments was employed to investigate vehicle stability on such 3D alignments. It was found that vehicle safety is questionable, especially for larger vehicles on reverse curves associated with vertical alignments. The critical speed, where the vehicle starts to rollover or skid, was found to be close to design speed for those 3D alignments. Design aids were then developed to address the recommended solutions to maintain the margin of safety required.

scholarly journals Truck stability on different types of horizontal curves combined with vertical alignments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam Mohamed S. A. E. A. Dabbour
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Design Speed

The combination of horizontal curves with vertical alignments is commonly used in different classifications of highways; either on highway mainstream or on highway interchange ramps. The horizontal curves, combined with vertical alignments, may be single, compound or reverse horizontal curves. The current design guidelines do not adequately investigate vehicle stability on such three-dimensional (3D) alignments. Computer software that simulates vehicle behaviour on different geometrical alignments was employed to investigate vehicle stability on such 3D alignments. It was found that vehicle safety is questionable, especially for larger vehicles on reverse curves associated with vertical alignments. The critical speed, where the vehicle starts to rollover or skid, was found to be close to design speed for those 3D alignments. Design aids were then developed to address the recommended solutions to maintain the margin of safety required.

Establishing design guidelines for compound horizontal curves on three-dimensional alignments

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Easa ◽  
Essam Dabbour
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Minimum Radius ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Flat Terrain ◽  
Current Design

In current design guides, the minimum radii of compound horizontal curves are based on the design requirements of simple horizontal curves for each arc on flat terrain. Such a design ignores the effects of compound curvature and vertical alignment. This paper uses computer simulation software to establish the minimum radius requirements for compound curves, considering these effects. The actual lateral acceleration experienced by a vehicle negotiating a two-dimensional (2-D) simple curve is recorded as a base scenario to facilitate the analysis of a compound curve on a flat terrain or combined with vertical alignment (three-dimensional (3-D) compound curves). The vertical alignments examined include upgrades, downgrades, crest curves, and sag curves. Mathematical models for minimum radius requirements were developed for flat and 3-D compound curves. Three types of design vehicles were used. The results show that an increase in the minimum radius ranging from 5% to 26% is required to compensate for the effects of both compound curvature and vertical alignment.Key words: highway geometric design, compound horizontal alignments, side friction, vehicle simulation, 3-D alignments.

scholarly journals Interpreting Locked Photographic Data: The Case of Apollo 17 Photo GPN-2000-00113

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Pyrrhon Amathes ◽  
Paul Christodoulides
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Geometrical Analysis ◽  
Apparent Position ◽  
Apollo Program ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment

Photography can be used for pleasure and art but can also be used in many disciplines of science, because it captures the details of the moment and can serve as a proving tool due to the information it preserves. During the period of the Apollo program (1969 to 1972), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) successfully landed humans on the Moon and showed hundreds of photos to the world presenting the travel and landings. This paper uses computer simulations and geometry to examine the authenticity of one such photo, namely Apollo 17 photo GPN-2000-00113. In addition, a novel approach is employed by creating an experimental scene to illustrate details and provide measurements. The crucial factors on which the geometrical analysis relies are locked in the photograph and are: (a) the apparent position of the Earth relative to the illustrated flag and (b) the point to which the shadow of the astronaut taking the photo reaches, in relation to the flagpole. The analysis and experimental data show geometrical and time mismatches, proving that the photo is a composite.

Front steering design guidelines formulation for e-scooters considering the influence of sitting and standing riders on self-stability and safety performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702199217
Author(s):  
Milan Paudel ◽  
Fook Fah Yap
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Single Track ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
Current Design

E-scooters are a recent trend and are viewed as a sustainable solution to ease the first and last mile problem in modern transportation. However, an alarming rate of accidents, injuries, and fatalities have caused a significant setback for e-scooters. Many preventive measures and legislation have been put on the e-scooters, but the number of accidents and injuries has not reduced considerably. In this paper, the current design approach of e-scooters has been analyzed, and the most common range of design parameters have been identified. Thereafter, validated mathematical models have been used to quantify the performance of e-scooters and relate them with the safety aspects. Both standing and seated riders on e-scooters have been considered, and their influence on the dynamic performance has been analyzed and compared with the standard 26-in wheel reference safety bicycle. With more than 80% of the accidents and injuries occurring from falling or colliding with obstacles, this paper tries to correlate the dynamics of uncontrolled single-track vehicles with the safety performance of e-scooters. The self-stability, handling, and braking effect have been considered as major performance matrices. The analysis has shown that the current e-scooter designs are not as stable as the reference safety bicycle. Moreover, these e-scooters have been found unstable within the most common range of legislated riding velocity. The results corroborate with the general perception that the current designs of e-scooters are less stable, easy to lose control, twitchy, or wobbly to ride. Furthermore, the standing posture of the rider on the e-scooter has been found dangerous while braking to avoid any disturbances such as potholes or obstacles. Finally, the front steering design guidelines have been proposed to help modify the current design of e-scooters to improve the dynamic performance, hence the safety of the e-scooter riders and the surroundings.

Modeling Safety Effects of Horizontal Curve Design on Injury Severity of Single-Motorcycle Crashes with Mixed-Effects Logistic Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 2637 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunfu Xin ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Chanyoung Lee ◽  
Pei-Sung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Horizontal Curve ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Curve Design ◽  
Motorcycle Crashes

Horizontal curves have been of great interest to transportation researchers because of expected safety hazards for motorcyclists. The impacts of horizontal curve design on motorcycle crash injuries are not well documented in previous studies. The current study aimed to investigate and to quantify the effects of horizontal curve design and associated factors on the injury severity of single-motorcycle crashes with consideration of the issue of unobserved heterogeneity. A mixed-effects logistic model was developed on the basis of 2,168 single-motorcycle crashes, which were collected on 8,597 horizontal curves in Florida for a period of 11 years (2005 to 2015). Four normally distributed random parameters (moderate curves, reverse curves, older riders, and male riders) were identified. The modeling results showed that sharp curves (radius <1,500 ft) compared with flat curves (radius ≥4,000 ft) tended to increase significantly the probability of severe injury (fatal or incapacitating injury) by 7.7%. In total, 63.8% of single-motorcycle crashes occurring on reverse curves are more likely to result in severe injury, and the remaining 26.2% are less likely to result in severe injury. Motorcyclist safety compensation behaviors (psychologically feeling safe, and then riding aggressively, or vice versa) may result in counterintuitive effects (e.g., vegetation and paved medians, full-access-controlled roads, and pavement conditions) or random parameters (e.g., moderate curve and reverse curve). Other significant factors include lighting conditions (darkness and darkness with lights), weekends, speed or speeding, collision type, alcohol or drug impairment, rider age, and helmet use.

Specialty Space: Breast Care Centers

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672199056
Author(s):  
Diane Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Hospital Gowns ◽  
Breast Care ◽  
Color Scheme

As background, breast care centers around the world vary in interior design based on geographical location and the trends of the healthcare design process at the time of construction. However, at the forefront of healthcare interior design is the evidence-based design (EBD) process and the Universal Design (UD) guidelines. The Center for Health Design states that the EBD process differs from the linear design process, in that EBD uses relevant evidence to educate and guide the design decisions. The objective of this study was to support future EBD and UD use in the development of patient areas in breast care center interior design. The methods for this study incorporated an extensive review of the literature, examples of eight breast care centers around the world, observations, an interview, and a staff survey concerning the interior design of a local breast care center. The results revealed that using the EBD process and UD, to develop guidelines for patient areas in breast care centers’ interior design, directors could use guidelines to evaluate existing breast care centers or preconstruction for new breast care centers. This study concluded with design guidelines for patient areas in breast care center interior design. The recommended guidelines targeted the following features: robes (vs. hospital gowns), spa-like atmosphere, monochromatic color scheme, use of wood and stone, private check-in areas, wayfinding, room temperature comfort, seating comfort, seating style choices including bariatric, personal items storage, access to natural light, indirect artificial lighting, living plants, views of nature, flooring comfort, and wheelchair accessibility.

scholarly journals Re-engaging the spirit: engaging traditional Anishinabek healing beliefs into an architecture for addiction wellbeing centres

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Dozzi-Perry
Keyword(s):  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spiritual Awareness ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Design Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Western Perspective

Current design practices for addiction treatment facilities reflect that of the western perspective on health, providing sterile, monolithic and cold environments. The quest for cleanliness, static and conditioned spaces robs the user of the richness of an engaging experience, isolating them into a sealed box. We further numb and anesthetize patients, disembodying them from the world and hindering their abilities to achieve physical, mental, emotional and spiritual awareness. This disengagement of the natural, human and spiritual realms proliferates the problems facing people with addiction. This thesis proposes an engagement of Anishinabek healing and wellbeing principles to inform the design of addiction healing spaces that stimulate the users, re-engages and enhances one’s awareness and understanding of one’s self, other beings and place in the world. By incorporating these principles into design, architecture can begin to re-engage the mind, the body, the heart and the soul of people suffering from addiction wellbeing issues.

Inclusive Design: An Approach to Adapt Homes for the Elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1599-1603
Author(s):  
Hossein Fallah ◽  
Jalil Nazari ◽  
Alireza Choobineh ◽  
Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad ◽  
Mohamad Asghari Jafarabadi
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inclusive Design ◽  
World Population ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Homes For The Elderly ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Current Design

The aging trend of the world population has increased the number of elderly people. Older people prefer to spend most of their time at home. The problem is that today's homes are often unsuitable for the elderly and the disabled. Thus, problems of the current design approaches, which are based on percentiles as well as the tendency to involve the elderly and disabled people in society, have put the concept of inclusive design into consideration. Application of new design approaches, such as inclusive design allows designers to design products and services to meet the needs of a larger group of users regardless of their age and ability. Given the rapid aging of the world population, more research is needed to design specific products and environments for elderly people. Keywords: Home design, Aging, Ergonomics, Adaptation

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document