Characteristics of Oral Manifestations in Symptomatic Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study on a Sample of the Saudi Population

Background: Several systemic diseases manifest themselves in the oral cavity. Oral manifestations of lupus erythematosus (LE) are associated with a significantly increased risk of cancer. Dentists who are unaware of these lesions will possibly miss them. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral manifestations in patients with LE in a sample of the Egyptian population. Methods: A descriptive study was performed on 189 patients attending the Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology Clinic in EL Qasr EL Ainy Hospital, Cairo University. Every patient was examined clinically after completing a questionnaire. Moreover, patients’ medical records were also evaluated. The oral manifestations were recorded according to the WHO guide to physical examination of the oral cavity and classified according to their morphologic aspects and localization. Results: Out of 189 patients, there were 182 females (96.3%) and seven males (3.7%). The prevalence of oral lesions in LE patients was 55.6%. The most affected site was the tongue 25.7%. The most common clinical aspect was patches, 53%. About 77.1% of the lesions were asymptomatic. 74.3% of the patients had oral candidiasis. The prevalence of skin lesions in LE patients was 37.6%. The most common finding was malar rash 79%. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis of oral lesions to recognize patients with LE as the WHO considers oral manifestations of LE a widespread state associated with an increased risk of cancer. Also, implementation of oral hygiene measures and treatment to improve patients’ nutritional state and health-related quality of life are recommended.

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Risk factors associated with oral manifestations and oral health impact of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a multicentre, cross-sectional study in Pakistan

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021458 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. e021458 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ibrahim Warsi ◽

Javeria Ahmed ◽

Anjum Younus ◽

Abdur Rasheed ◽

Tayyab Saeed Akhtar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Health Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Oral Manifestations ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hard Tissue ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tissue Changes ◽

Group A

ObjectiveGastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a relatively common disorder and manifests with extraoesophageal symptoms, such as dental erosions (DE), cough, laryngitis, asthma, and oral soft- and hard-tissue pathologies. This study aimed (1) to identify oral soft and hard-tissue changes in patients with GORD and (2) to evaluate these oral changes as indices for assessing GORD and its severity.SettingThis cross-sectional study was conducted at four major tertiary care government hospitals, in two metropolitan cities of Pakistan.ParticipantsIn total, 187 of 700 patients who underwent oesophago–gastro–duodenoscopy and having GORD were included in the study. Patients with GORD were divided according to the presence of DE into group A (with DE, chronic/severe GORD) and group B (without DE, mild GORD). Patients who were unconscious and had extremely limited mouth opening were excluded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAbnormal conditions and lesions of the oral mucosa were recorded. The impact of oral hard and soft-tissue changes on the oral health-related quality of life was assessed using the Pakistani (Urdu) version of the validated Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) instrument.ResultsOral submucous fibrosis (66.3%), ulceration (59.4%) and xerostomia (47.6%) were significantly more common in group A (p<0.05). The prevalence of GORD was 26.7%, within which the prevalence of DE was 35.3%. Unhealthy dietary pattern, nausea/vomiting, oesophagitis, xerostomia, ulceration, gingivitis and angular cheilitis showed a statistically significant association with chronic GORD and DE. All subscales of OHIP-14 were positively correlated (p<0.05) in patients with GORD and DE, with notable impact on psychological discomfort (rs=0.30), physical disability (rs=0.29), psychological disability (rs=0.27) and functional limitation (rs=0.20).ConclusionPatients with GORD and DE presented with more severe oral manifestations than did those with GORD and no DE. We recommend timely dental check-ups to assess the severity of both systemic and oral disease.

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