scholarly journals Involving Patient Groups in Drug Research: A Systematic Review of Reasons

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 587-597
Author(s):  
Christoph Rach ◽  
Jan Lukas ◽  
Regina Müller ◽  
Matthias Sendler ◽  
Peter Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Patient Groups

scholarly journals Predictive Factors in Sacral Neuromodulation: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Ranjana Jairam ◽  
Jamie Drossaerts ◽  
Tom Marcelissen ◽  
Gommert van Koeveringe ◽  
Desiree Vrijens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Sacral Neuromodulation ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Detrusor Contractility ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Lower Success Rate ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Based Medicine

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an effective treatment in patients with overactive bladder syndrome or nonobstructive urinary retention when conservative treatment fails. Several factors that could impact outcome with SNM have been studied. This systematic review investigated these predictive factors and their relevance for clinical practice. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Systematic review according to the PRISMA guidelines was conducted. This review is registered in the PROSPERO register (CRD42015016256). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Seventy-eight studies (of which 11 abstracts) were included. Females, younger patients, and a tined lead procedure tend to be predictive in successful SNM outcome. Factors that did not influence SNM outcome were prior back surgery, surgery for stress urinary incontinence, affective symptoms, and duration of complaints. Reduced detrusor contractility is associated with a lower success rate. The level of evidence of most studies (graded according to the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine) was 3b. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Even though this systematic review investigated predictive factors (gender, age, type of procedure, type of lead, and detrusor contractility), no general consensus on predictive factors could be made. Most studies are small, retrospective, and involve a heterogeneous population. Therefore, prospective research in larger specific patient groups remains necessary to find predictors of SNM outcome.

scholarly journals Motivations of children and their parents to participate in drug research: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 175 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Tromp ◽  
C. Michel Zwaan ◽  
Suzanne van de Vathorst
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drug Research

scholarly journals 732 Delay to Elective Colorectal Cancer Surgery and its Potential Implications During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Whittaker ◽  
M Abdelrazek ◽  
A Fitzpatrick ◽  
J Froud ◽  
J Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Surgery ◽  
Elective Resection ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Number Needed To Harm

Abstract Aim The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has interrupted the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). This systematic review will assess literature concerning the risk of delay of elective surgery for CRC patients, focusing on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Method A systematic review was performed as per PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020189158). Medline, EMBASE and Scopus were searched. Delay to elective surgery was defined as the period between CRC diagnosis and the day of surgery. Metanalyses of the outcome’s OS and DFS were conducted. Forest plots, funnel plots, and tests of heterogeneity were produced. An estimated Number Needed to Harm (NNH) was calculated for statistically significant pooled Hazard Ratios (HRs). Results Of 3753 articles identified, seven met the inclusion criteria. Encompassing 314560 patients, three of the seven studies showed that a delay to elective resection is associated with poorer OS or DFS. OS was assessed at a one-month delay, the HR for six datasets was 1.13 (95%CI 1.02-1.26, p = 0.020) and at three months the pooled HR for three datasets was 1.57 (95%CI 1.16-2.12, p = 0.004). Estimated NNHs for a delay at one month and three months were 35 and 10 respectively. Delay was non-significantly negatively associated with DFS on meta-analysis. Conclusions This review recommends that elective surgery for CRC patients is not postponed, as evidence suggests delays from diagnosis are associated with poorer outcomes. Focused research is essential so that patient groups can be prioritized based on risk factors for future pandemics.

Identifying stakeholder opinion regarding access to “high-cost medicines”: A systematic review of the literature

Open Medicine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Wahlster ◽  
Shane Scahill ◽  
Sanjay Garg ◽  
Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
System Level ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patient Groups

AbstractObjective: To identify the viewpoints and perceptions of different stakeholders regarding high cost medicines (HCMs). Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify original research articles. Using predefined categories, data related to the viewpoints of different stakeholders was systematically extracted and analyzed. Results: Thirty seven original research articles matched the criteria. The main stakeholders identified include physicians, patients, public and health funding authorities. The influence of media and other economic and ethical issues were also identified in the literature. A large number of stakeholders were concerned about lack of access to HCMs. Physicians have difficulty balancing the the rational use of expensive drugs while at the same time acting as “patients’ advocate”. Patients would like to know about all treatment options, even if they may not be able to afford them. The process and criteria for reimbursement should be transparent and access has to be equitable across patient groups. Conclusion: Access to HCMs could be improved through transparency and involvement of all stakeholders, especially patients and the public. Moral issues and the “rule of rescue” could influence decision-making process significantly. At system level, objectivity is important to ensure that the system is equitable and transparent.

scholarly journals The Six-Minute Walk Test in Chronic Pediatric Conditions: A Systematic Review of Measurement Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Bartels ◽  
Janke F. de Groot ◽  
Caroline B. Terwee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Six Minute Walk Test ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Minute Walk

Background The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is increasingly being used as a functional outcome measure for chronic pediatric conditions. Knowledge about its measurement properties is needed to determine whether it is an appropriate test to use. Purpose The purpose of this study was to systematically review all published clinimetric studies on the 6MWT in chronic pediatric conditions. Data Sources The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus were searched up to February 2012. Study Selection Studies designed to evaluate measurement properties of the 6MWT in a chronic pediatric condition were included in the systematic review. Data Extraction The methodological quality of the included studies and the measurement properties of the 6MWT were examined. Data Synthesis A best evidence synthesis was performed on 15 studies, including 9 different chronic pediatric conditions. Limited evidence to strong evidence was found for reliability in various chronic conditions. Strong evidence was found for positive criterion validity of the 6MWT with peak oxygen uptake in some populations, but negative criterion validity was found in other populations. Construct validity remained unclear in most patient groups because of methodological flaws. Little evidence was available for responsiveness and measurement error. Studies showed large variability in test procedures despite existing guidelines for the performance of the 6MWT. Limitations Unavailability of a specific checklist to evaluate the methodological quality of clinimetric studies on performance measures was a limitation of the study. Conclusions Evidence for measurement properties of the 6MWT varies largely among chronic pediatric conditions. Further research is needed in all patient groups to explore the ability of the 6MWT to measure significant and clinically important changes. Until then, changes measured with the 6MWT should be interpreted with caution. Future studies or consensus regarding modified test procedures in the pediatric population is recommended.

scholarly journals Crisis teams: systematic review of their effectiveness in practice

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Carpenter ◽  
Jara Falkenburg ◽  
Thomas P. White ◽  
Derek K. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Crisis Resolution ◽  
Longitudinal Outcomes ◽  
Patient Admissions ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Crisis Resolution Teams ◽  
Patient Groups

Aims and methodCrisis resolution and home treatment teams (variously abbreviated to CRTs, CRHTTs, HTTs) were introduced to reduce the number and duration of in-patient admissions and better manage individuals in crisis. Despite their ubiquity, their evidence base is challengeable. This systematic review explored whether CRTs: (a) affected voluntary and compulsory admissions; (b) treat particular patient groups; (c) are cost-effective; and (d) provide care patients value.ResultsCrisis resolution teams appear effective in reducing admissions, although data are mixed and other factors have also influenced this. Compulsory admissions may have increased, but evidence that CRTs are causally related is inconclusive. There are few clinical differences between ‘gate-kept’ patients admitted and those not. Crisis resolution teams are cheaper than in-patient care and, overall, patients are satisfied with CRT care.Clinical implicationsHigh-quality evidence for CRTs is scarce, although they appear to contribute to reducing admissions. Patient-relevant psychosocial and longitudinal outcomes are under-explored.

Is there a relationship of negative oral health beliefs with dental fear and anxiety regarding diverse dental patient groups? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 3613-3621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Paola Strieder ◽  
Thaís Marchini Oliveira ◽  
Daniela Rios ◽  
Agnes Fátima Pereira Cruvinel ◽  
Thiago Cruvinel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dental Fear ◽  
Dental Patient ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Oral Health Beliefs ◽  
Relationship Of

OT Interventions for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Physical Inpatient Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512520396p1-7512520396p1
Author(s):  
Janell Pisegna ◽  
Sarah E. Anderson ◽  
Jessica L. Krok-Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Physical Rehabilitation ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Therapeutic Setting ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented Accepted for AOTA INSPIRE 2021 but unable to be presented due to online event limitations. This systematic review examined interventions for anxiety and depressive symptoms among inpatient physical rehabilitation patients. Results were framed by intervention type, context, and concentration of current literature among patient groups. Setting specific analyses does not seem to be common, because patient groups are often considered regardless of therapeutic setting and therefore regardless of recovery stage. Setting-specific information can aid resource development and literature navigation. Primary Author and Speaker: Janell Pisegna Additional Authors and Speakers: Sarah E. Anderson Contributing Authors: Jessica L. Krok-Schoen

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