scholarly journals Ustekinumab in chronic immune-mediated diseases: a review of long term safety and patient improvement

2013 ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Toussirot ◽  
Fabrice Michel ◽  
Matthieu Bereau ◽  
Delphine Binda
Keyword(s):  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Patient Improvement

Case Report: Delayed Alemtuzumab-Induced Concurrent Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 089719002110212
Author(s):  
Akaansha Ganju ◽  
James C. Stock ◽  
Kim Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Severe Neutropenia ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

Alemtuzumab is an anti-CD52 monoclonal antibody used to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis following failure of second-line medications. It is administered intravenously in 2 treatment sequences 1 year apart. This drug is frequently associated with mild infusion reactions within days of administration, increased infection risk, and long term adverse events from secondary autoimmunity. Alemtuzumab-induced serious immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) is well-reported and occurred in 1.0-2.2% of participants in initial phase 2 and 3 trials for multiple sclerosis. Significant neutropenia, however, is rare and was only observed in 0.1% of study participants. Delayed neutropenia and/or ITP is thought to occur from secondary autoimmunity. Few case reports have described severe neutropenia occurring beyond 2 months of last alemtuzumab dose. We present an unusual case of delayed combined neutropenia and thrombocytopenia that occurred 15 months after the second infusion of alemtuzumab. The patient was asymptomatic and presented following discovery of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia during routine laboratory studies. The patient responded to steroids initially and was discharged, although outpatient cell counts subsequently revealed recurrent neutropenia and ITP. The adverse drug reaction probability (Naranjo) scale was completed and showed probable likelihood that the adverse event was alemtuzumab-related. Long term screening for delayed hematologic abnormalities, at least 4 years after initial dose, is necessary when using alemtuzumab. Greater research is needed to understand the mechanism of drug-associated neutropenia.

Combination of Methotrexate and Leflunomide Is Safe and Has Good Drug Retention Among Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.201408
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haroon ◽  
Shabnam Batool ◽  
Sadia Asif ◽  
Farzana Hashmi ◽  
Saadat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disease ◽  
Sacroiliac Joints ◽  
Antirheumatic Therapy ◽  
Short Delay ◽  
Drug Retention ◽  
Immune Mediated

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a potentially progressive immune-mediated musculoskeletal disease with the involvement of synovium, enthesis, and axial structures (especially the cervical spine and sacroiliac joints), along with the involvement of skin and nails. Even a short delay in the diagnosis and commencement of antirheumatic therapy can cause long-term damage and disabilities.1

scholarly journals Eugenol attenuates concanavalin A-induced hepatitis through modulation of cytokine levels and inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Yidong Mao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Concanavalin A ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Therapeutic management of hepatitis with conventional drugs alone worsens hepatic functioning in the long term because of sustained oxidative stress. Active compounds from several plant sources have been investigated to counteract this. Eugenol, a phytochemical abundant in various plants, is known for its wide range of pharmacological effects. There is a lacuna in the deeper understanding of its hepatoprotective activity at the molecular level. Our present study aimed to determine the effects of eugenol on the changes in antioxidant components, inflammatory cytokines and modulation of mitochondrial oxidative stress in immune-mediated hepatitis. We employed a model that mimics viral hepatitis using concanavalin A (ConA) to induce T-cell-mediated acute hepatitis. Eugenol increased (P<0.01) antioxidant enzyme activities, including reduced glutathione (GSH)-regenerating enzyme, glutathione reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Its antiinflammatory and antifibrogenic effects were evident from the reduction (P<0.01) in interleukin and tumor necrosis factor levels. Eugenol was found to decrease mitochondrial oxidative stress, which was elevated in hepatitis. The hepatoprotective effects of eugenol were confirmed by histological findings. The current investigation shows that eugenol exerts a hepatoprotective effect through the modulation of different pathways which include restoration of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Eugenol could be a promising candidate for human hepatitis management, warranting preclinical studies.

scholarly journals Rheumatoid arthritis onset after COVID-19 infection: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3713
Author(s):  
Thafar S. A. Safar ◽  
Karmen B. Katay ◽  
Reem H. Khamis
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Primary Health Care Centre ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Small Hand ◽  
History Of

At the end of 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2). Worldwide researchers and physician try to explore the mechanisms of damage induced by virus, they focus on the short-term and long-term immune-mediated consequences induced by the virus infection. Every day discover a new pathological condition induced by virus and new symptoms and disease may occur after recovery from disease. Our case report is 41 years old, Indian lady who presented to our primary health care centre complaining of multiple small hand joints pain, both elbows and knees pain with swelling of them and prolonged morning stiffness, diagnosed seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (arthritis, positive rheumatoid factor (RF), and X-ray changes) after 1 month recovery from COVID-19 infection. She did not have any joint pain and she had negative RF before COVID-19 infection with no family history of RA.

scholarly journals Direct Cytotoxic and Indirect, Immune-Mediated Effects of Local Anesthetics Against Cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Wu Chuang ◽  
Oliver Kepp ◽  
Guido Kroemer ◽  
Lucillia Bezu
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Oncological Surgery ◽  
Residual Cancer ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Fundamental Research

Local anesthetics are frequently employed during surgery in order to control peri- and postoperative pain. Retrospective studies have revealed an unexpected correlation between increased long-term survival and the use of local anesthetics during oncological surgery. This effect of local anesthetics might rely on direct cytotoxic effects on malignant cells or on indirect, immune-mediated effects. It is tempting to speculate, yet needs to be formally proven, that the combination of local anesthetics with oncological surgery and conventional anticancer therapy would offer an opportunity to control residual cancer cells. This review summarizes findings from fundamental research together with clinical data on the use of local anesthetics as anticancer standalone drugs or their combination with conventional treatments. We suggest that a better comprehension of the anticancer effects of local anesthetics at the preclinical and clinical levels may broadly improve the surgical treatment of cancer.

Clinical Course of Different Types of Immune Reactions following Keratoplasty

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Keye ◽  
Thabo Lapp ◽  
Daniel Böhringer ◽  
Sonja Heinzelmann ◽  
Philip Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Corneal Graft ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Corneal Graft Rejection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Abstract Background Immune-mediated corneal graft rejection (IR) is a leading cause of corneal graft failure. The endothelium, stroma, epithelium, or a combination can be affected. Little is known about the long-term outcomes of different types of IR. Methods We reviewed the medical records of all keratoplasties that had been performed at our eye centre between 2003 and 2016 (n = 3934) for any kind of IR that occurred between the surgery and 2019. All patients with a definite diagnosis of IR and sufficient clinical data were included in the analysis. IRs were grouped according to the affected part of the graft (endothelial, stromal, epithelial, and mixed). We analysed the dynamics of recovery and the clinical outcomes. Results We identified a total of 319 patients with IR. Twenty-seven of those were lost to follow-up and were excluded from further analysis. Of the IRs, 89% affected the endothelium. Endothelial IR resulted more frequently in a considerable loss of endothelial cell density than other forms of IR. Stromal IR showed a lower relapse rate and a better visual recovery than other types of IR and resulted less often in a failure of the graft. Conclusions We herein report comprehensive data about the prognosis regarding functional recovery after different types of IR following keratoplasty. Our data underline that timely recognition and correct classification of IR are important because they determine the clinical course and prognosis.

Anaphylaxis: how to recognise and manage in primary care

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Hannah Kramer ◽  
Rebecca Batt
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Practice Nurse ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Insect Sting ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Emergency Medication ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Systemic Hypersensitivity

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency. Hannah Kramer and Rebecca Batt explain how correct diagnosis, avoidance and patient education are fundamental in reducing risk Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic hypersensitivity reaction that is usually rapid in onset and can cause death. It is an immune-mediated reaction, which typically occurs when a person is exposed to a trigger, for example a food, drug, or insect sting. This article aims to assist with the recognition of symptoms and to guide management of anaphylaxis in primary care. Beyond the acute, the practice nurse can play a key role in helping patients to manage their allergies in the long-term, particularly for those who are most vulnerable. Patients should be supported in understanding how best to avoid their triggers, in managing their emergency medication, and in the importance of good asthma control.

scholarly journals Long Term Immune-Mediated Inflammation and Pain in a TNFR (P55/P75-/-) Dual Deficient Murine Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. S-696
Author(s):  
Karin N. Westlund ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Helieh S. Oz
Keyword(s):  
Murine Model ◽  
Immune Mediated
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document