COLORISM IN TONI MORRISONS GOD HELP THE CHILD

The present paper has been specifically designed to scrutinize the aspect of colorism in Toni Morrisons well acclaimed novel God Help the Child. African American literature is an academic body of writing produced by African descendants residing in America. The literary canon of African- American literature emerged in late part of 18th century in oral forms like sermon, gospel, music, jazz, blues and spirituals. African American writers have deliberately expressed their painful agony, racial segregation, social injustice and ill treatment which they tolerated in white American society. Toni Morrison was a prolific female novelist of African-American literary writing. Morrisons eleventh novel God Help the Child prominently deals with colorism, racism and child abuse. Conceptually, the term Colorism was coined by Alice Walker to address the superiority of lighter or white skin over the dark. Colorism has its genetic roots in racism because without racism the standardization of color conflict would not be exist. The novel unfolds the story of Bride, also known as Lula Ann who is born with dark black color. She receives ill treatment by her own parents and gets negative rejection because of having black skin. Brides dark color ruins her golden childhood period. Louis Bridewell rejects Bride from accepting as his baby. Similarly, Sweetness breeds Bride with harsh treatment and cruelty. The research study will primarily focus on to address the color conflict faced by child protagonist Lula Ann.

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“WOMEN RELINQUISH ALL PERSONAL RIGHTS IN FRONT OF A MAN”: ANALYZING SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN NTOZAKE SHANGE’S FOR COLORED GIRLS

RAUDEM Revista de Estudios de las Mujeres ◽

10.25115/raudem.v1i0.573 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Maika Aira Gallardo

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

American Literature ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

African American Women ◽

African American Literature ◽

Gender Violence ◽

Personal Rights ◽

The Media ◽

Las Mujeres ◽

American Society

ResumenThe presence of gender violence in the media has led to the misconception that it is a social problem of the twenty-first century. However, in the literature of the last century, it can be seen that this phenomenon has always been present. Through the analysis of the play for colored girls, written by Ntozake Shangue, this essay will explore the situation of African- American women in American society in the twentieth century, focusing on the constant presence and threat of sexual violence suffered by the seven protagonists in a society where they suffer double discrimination.Key words: sexual violence, African American, literature, trauma.Título en español: “Women Relinquish All Personal Rights in Front of a Man”: análisis de la violencia sexual en For Coloured Girls de Ntozake Shange.Resumen: La presencia de violencia de género en los medios de comunicación nos ha llevado a la idea errónea de que se trata de un problema social del siglo XXI, pero si nos sumergimos en la literatura del siglo pasado, descubriremos que este tema siempre ha estado presente. En este ensayo, exploraremos la situación de las mujeres afroamericanas en la sociedad estadounidense en el siglo XX a través del análisis de la obra de teatro for colored girls de Ntozake Shangue, centrándonos en la constante presencia y la amenaza de la violencia sexual que las siete protagonistas padecen en una sociedad donde son doblemente discriminadas.Palabras Clave: violencia sexual, afroamericana, literatura, trauma.

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Mildred D. Taylor’s Song of the Tree: Role of Women in Protection of Nature

Shanlax International Journal of English ◽

10.34293/english.v9is1-i2-dec.3683 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (S1-i2-Dec) ◽

pp. 15-17

Author(s):

C Nandhini ◽

K S Mangayarkkarasi

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

American Literature ◽

African American Literature ◽

Social Issues ◽

The United States ◽

Vital Role ◽

The Body ◽

Present Condition ◽

The Road ◽

American Society

Equal to man, every woman plays an important role in maintaining natural resources management and they have the respective knowledge and experience gained through close working with environment. Even in this present condition still some writers in their work concentrate on Nature and its importance. African American Literature, the body of the literature that produced in the United States by writers of African descent, highly concentrates on slavery before the American Civil War. Their oral culture is rich in poetry that includes spirituals, gospel, music, blues, and rap. Mildred D. Taylor is an author of nine novels including The Road to Memphis and most of her works known for social issues, mainly the problem faces by African American society. Song of the Trees originally published on 1975 is her first highly acclaimed series of books about the Logan family. The Novella is all about Racism, ruling the place and how the Hunger plays a vital role in the place. This paper highly shows that even in this pathetic condition how the female characters like Caroline, Mary, and Cassie struggle to protect nature and their environment from Mr. Anderson.

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Trey Ellis's Platitudes: Redefining Black Voices

Ethnic Studies Review ◽

10.1525/esr.2009.32.1.55 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 55-76

Author(s):

Quan Manh Ha

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

African American ◽

American Literature ◽

African American Literature ◽

Black Experience ◽

Racial Issues ◽

Black Voices ◽

Late Twentieth ◽

One Year ◽

Late Twentieth Century

Trey Ellis has emerged as a prominent African American writer of the late-twentieth century, despite the small number of his published works. “The New Black Aesthetic,” an essay that he first published in CaUaloo in 1989, one year after the publication of his first novel, Platitudes, stands as a manifesto that defines and articulates his perspective on the emerging black literary voices and culture of the time, and on “the future of African American artistic expression” in the postmodern era.1 According to Eric Lott, Ellis's novel parodies the literary and cultural conflict between such male experimental writers as lshmael Reed and such female realist writers as Alice Walker.2 Thus, Ellis's primary purpose in writing Platitudes is to redefine how African Americans should be represented in fiction, implying that neither of the dominant approaches can completely articulate late-twentieth-century black experience when practiced in isolation. In its final passages, Platitudes represents a synthesis of the two literary modes or styles, and it embodies quite fully the diversity of black cultural identities at the end of the twentieth century as it extends African American literature beyond racial issues. In this way, the novel exemplifies the literary agenda that Ellis suggests in his theoretical essay.

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