EVOLUTION OF POLLUTANTS EMISSIONIN RELATION TOROAD TRAFFIC IN THE CITY OF LOME (TOGO) FROM 2010 TO 2019

The automobile fleet in Togo has increased in the last decades with a patchwork of vehicles that are in majority older than ten (10) years. Until 2019, the car fleet in Togo was almost dependent upon petroleum products, and was consequentlya source of air pollutants emission. Lome is the capital city of Togo with the characteristic of having the highest road traffic volume that significantly impacts air quality. In accordance with the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guide and the COPERT method, emissions of carbone monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and particulate matter (PM) are respectively estimated to: 2621.674 tCO 82.444 tNOx 558.778 tNMVOC and 7.241 tPM. In the time series 2010-2019, emissions of CO, NMVOCs and NOx fell overall with average yearly rates by respectively 83,0234 66,4888 and 0,8073 t/year whereas the PM emission rose(0,8208 t/year).

Download Full-text

Assessment of China's virtual air pollution transport embodied in trade by using a consumption-based emission inventory

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-15-5443-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 5443-5456 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

H. Y. Zhao ◽

Q. Zhang ◽

D. B. Guan ◽

S. J. Davis ◽

Z. Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

Economic Status ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Pollution Transport ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Model Framework ◽

Central Regions

Abstract. Substantial anthropogenic emissions from China have resulted in serious air pollution, and this has generated considerable academic and public concern. The physical transport of air pollutants in the atmosphere has been extensively investigated; however, understanding the mechanisms how the pollutant was transferred through economic and trade activities remains a challenge. For the first time, we quantified and tracked China's air pollutant emission flows embodied in interprovincial trade, using a multiregional input–output model framework. Trade relative emissions for four key air pollutants (primary fine particle matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds) were assessed for 2007 in each Chinese province. We found that emissions were significantly redistributed among provinces owing to interprovincial trade. Large amounts of emissions were embodied in the imports of eastern regions from northern and central regions, and these were determined by differences in regional economic status and environmental policy. It is suggested that measures should be introduced to reduce air pollution by integrating cross-regional consumers and producers within national agreements to encourage efficiency improvement in the supply chain and optimize consumption structure internationally. The consumption-based air pollutant emission inventory developed in this work can be further used to attribute pollution to various economic activities and final demand types with the aid of air quality models.

Download Full-text

OLYMPUS v1.0: Development of an integrated air pollutant and GHG urban emissions model – Methodology and calibration over the greater Paris

10.5194/gmd-2018-154 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Arthur Elessa Etuman ◽

Isabelle Coll

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Travel Demand ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Atmospheric Environment ◽

Health Economy ◽

Unit Energy ◽

European Environmental Agency ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Abstract. Air pollutants and greenhouse gases have many effects on health, economy, urban climate and atmospheric environment. At the city level, the transport and heating sectors contribute significantly to air pollution. In order to quantify the impact of urban policies on anthropogenic air pollutants, the main processes leading to emissions need to be understood: they mainly include mobility for work and leisure and household behavior, themselves impacted by a variety of social parameters. In this context, the Olympus modeling platform has been designed for environmental decision support. It generates a synthetic population of individuals and defines the mobility of each individual in the city through an activity-based approach of the travel demand. The model then spatializes road traffic taking into account congestion on the road network. It also includes a module that estimates the energy demand of the territory by calculating the unit energy consumption of households and the tertiary sector. Finally, the emissions associated with all the modeled activities are calculated using the COPERT emission factors for the traffic, and the European Environmental Agency (EEA) methodology for heating-related combustions. The comparison of emissions with AIRPARIF's regional inventory shows discrepancies that are consistent with differences in assumptions and input data, mainly in the sense of underestimation. The methodological choices, as well as the potential ways of improvement, including the refinement of traffic congestion modeling and of the transport of goods, are discussed.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Air Pollutant Emission Inventory from Farm Tractor Operations in Korea

Engineering Proceedings ◽

10.3390/asec2021-11187 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Gyu-Gang Han ◽

Jun-Hyuk Jeon ◽

Myoung-Ho Kim ◽

Seong-Min Kim

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Agricultural Labor ◽

National Agency ◽

Metropolitan Cities ◽

Agricultural Tractors ◽

Engine Size

Due to the decline in the agricultural labor force and rapid aging of farmers, agricultural machinery is becoming larger, higher-performance, and diversified. In this study, an air pollutant emission inventory for agricultural tractors was analyzed and compared with the inventory developed by a national agency. Agricultural tractors include walking and riding tractors and, further, riding tractors were divided into three subcategories based on their engine size. In addition, tractor emissions were classified according to the usage time of each operation. Seven air pollutants, such as CO, NOx, SOx, TSP, VOCs (PM10), PM2.5, and NH3, were included in the inventory. The results showed that the total yearly emissions in 2017 were 3300 Mg, 9110 Mg, 4 Mg, 567 Mg, 522 Mg, 759 Mg, and 33 Mg for CO, NOx, SOx, TSP, VOCs, PM10, PM2.5, and NH3, respectively. The most emitted air pollutant in the transporting operation using walking tractors is NOx, and the amount of emission is 1023 Mg/y. Riding tractors mainly emit a large amount of NOx, in the order of medium, large, and small tractors. The NOx emissions from medium, large, and small riding tractors are 1103 Mg/y, 676 Mg/y, and 322 Mg/y, respectively, from harrowing operations and are 445 Mg/y, 273 Mg/y, and 130 Mg/y, respectively, from tilling operations. The results also showed that the total pollutant emissions from tractors were increased 10% compared to the emission inventory developed by a national agency due to categorizing riding tractors into three subcategories. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to spatially assign air pollutant variables to 17 provinces and metropolitan cities in Korea.

Download Full-text

OLYMPUS v1.0: development of an integrated air pollutant and GHG urban emissions model – methodology and calibration over greater Paris

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-11-5085-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5085-5111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Arthur Elessa Etuman ◽

Isabelle Coll

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Travel Demand ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Atmospheric Environment ◽

Unit Energy ◽

European Environmental Agency ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

Abstract. Air pollutants and greenhouse gases have many effects on health, the economy, urban climate and atmospheric environment. At the city level, the transport and heating sectors contribute significantly to air pollution. In order to quantify the impact of urban policies on anthropogenic air pollutants, the main processes leading to emissions need to be understood: they principally include mobility for work and leisure as well as household behavior, themselves impacted by a variety of social parameters. In this context, the OLYMPUS modeling platform has been designed for environmental decision support. It generates a synthetic population of individuals and defines the mobility of each individual in the city through an activity-based approach of travel demand. The model then spatializes road traffic by taking into account congestion on the road network. It also includes a module that estimates the energy demand of the territory by calculating the unit energy consumption of households and the commercial–institutional sector. Finally, the emissions associated with all the modeled activities are calculated using the COPERT emission factors for traffic and the European Environmental Agency (EEA) methodology for heating-related combustion. The comparison of emissions with AIRPARIF's regional inventory shows discrepancies that are consistent with differences in assumptions and input data, mainly in the sense of underestimation. The methodological choices and the potential ways of improvement, including the refinement of traffic congestion modeling and of the transport of goods, are discussed.

Download Full-text

A high temporal-spatial resolution air pollutant emission inventory for agricultural machinery in China

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 183 ◽

pp. 1110-1121 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jianlei Lang ◽

Jingjing Tian ◽

Ying Zhou ◽

Kanghong Li ◽

Dongsheng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Resolution ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Agricultural Machinery

Download Full-text

Analysis of Environmental Benefits of Shore Power for Preventing and Controlling Air Pollution Caused by Vessels at Berth

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20185304036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 04036 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cheng Jieling ◽

Li Haibo

Keyword(s):

Energy Conservation ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Current Status ◽

Fuel Consumption Rate

When vessels are berthed at ports, the air pollutants emitted by auxiliary engines will cause severe pollution to the ports and surrounding environments. In view of this situation, the author first summarizes the Chinese policies and policies of foreign countries on emission of air pollutants from vessels at berth, and then analyses the current status of and measures for control of air pollutant emission from vessels at berth. Secondly, the author analyses the environmental benefits of using shore power for better controlling air pollutant emission from vessels at berth, compares vessels using shore power with vessels using generated power in the energy conservation and emission reduction effects based on the fuel consumption rate of different auxiliary engines and current status of pollutant emission from power generation in China etc., analyses the current status of shore power application in China, estimates the energy conserved and emission reduced when shore power is used by vessels at berth. Thirdly, the author identifies the scale of electric energy replacement by, and environmental benefits of, shore power at ports in China. This paper delivers innovative approaches to the comparison between the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction based on fuel consumption rates of different auxiliary engines and estimation of conserved energy and reduced emission.

Download Full-text

Recent development of a refined multiple air pollutant emission inventory of vehicles in the Central Plains of China

Journal of Environmental Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 80-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Xingke Gu ◽

Shasha Yin ◽

Xuan Lu ◽

Huan Zhang ◽

Lingling Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emission Inventory ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

Central Plains

Download Full-text

Enhanced atmospheric oxidizing capacity in simulating air quality with updated emission inventories for power plants especially for haze periods over East China

10.5194/acp-2017-127 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Lei Zhang ◽

Tianliang Zhao ◽

Sunling Gong ◽

Shaofei Kong ◽

Lili Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Power Plants ◽

Emission Inventory ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Atmospheric Environment ◽

Pollutant Emission ◽

East China ◽

Emission Inventories

Abstract. Air pollutant emissions play a determinant role in deteriorating air quality. However, an uncertainty in emission inventories is still the key problem for modeling air pollution. In this study, an updated emission inventory of coal-fired power plants (UEIPP) based on online monitoring data in Jiangsu province of East China for the year of 2012 was implemented in the widely used Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC). By employing the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), two simulations were executed to assess the atmospheric environmental change by using the original MEIC emission inventory and the MEIC inventory with the UEIPP. A synthetic analysis shows that (1) compared to the power emissions of MEIC, PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NOx were lower, and CO, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and NMVOCs were higher in the UEIPP, reflecting a large discrepancy in the power emissions over East China; (2) In accordance with the changes of UEIPP, the modeled concentrations were reduced for SO2 and NO2, and increased for most areas of primary OC, BC and CO, whose concentrations in atmosphere are highly dependent on emission changes. (3) Interestingly, when the UEIPP was used, the atmospheric oxidizing capacity significantly reinforced, reflecting by increased oxidizing agents, e.g. O3 and OH, thus directly strengthened the chemical production from SO2 and NOx to sulfate and nitrate, which offset the reduction of primary PM2.5 emissions especially in the haze days. This study indicated the importance of updating air pollutant emission inventories in simulating the complex atmospheric environment changes with the implications on air quality and environmental changes.

Download Full-text

Investigation of the Accumulation of Greenhouse Gases in Terms of Road Traffic Gradients

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology - Regular Issue ◽

10.35940/ijeat.e9581.1010120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 296-301

Keyword(s):

Air Pollutants ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Road Transport ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Flow Parameters ◽

Multiple Sampling ◽

Road Gradient ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

So2 Concentration

This research reflects on the impacts of traffic factors, car acceleration, volume of traffic, road gradient and the resulting sum of air pollutants, with a significant impact on the emissions of the vehicles. The general and detailed urban plans are normally addressed to these factors. Such considerations usually determine the adverse effects of motor vehicles, and environmental hazards, such as air pollution and vibration, which affects highways and bridges. However, the effect of road transport and preparation on the ecosystem is described. The research focuses on climate aspects that can be identified and designed so that all generic proposals can include them. In this study, CO, NO2, TVOC’s and SO2 concentration at multiple sampling sites were screened regularly. The study revealed that air pollutant rates are highly correlated with traffic movement and prevailing gradients. The SO2, NO2, CO and TVOC’s concentrations were very much associated to significant road flow parameters such as traffic elevation, intensity and amount of transport.

Download Full-text