scholarly journals Heat stress-induced changes in shoot and root characteristics of genotypes of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and their interspecific lines

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Ligia Carmenza Muñoz ◽  
Mariela Rivera ◽  
Jaime E. Muñoz ◽  
Fatma Sarsu ◽  
Idupulapati M. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Acutifolius ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content

Heat stress is a major limitation to grain yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) is better adapted to heat stress than common bean. Ten tepary bean accessions, four common bean genotypes and four interspecific lines involving P. vulgaris and P. acutufolius, P. coccineus and P. dumosus were evaluated for tolerance to heat stress conditions induced under greenhouse conditions and these were compared to plants grown under ambient temperatures. The high temperature treatment was 29 ±5 °C during the day and was >24 °C (up to 27 °C) during the night, while the ambient temperature (AT) treatment was 25 ±5 °C during the day and 19± 2 °C at night. The genotypic differences were evaluated for morpho-physiological characteristics of shoot and root and also yield components. The Genotype and Genotype × Temperature interactions were significant for all shoot and root morpho-physiological characteristics evaluated. Higher temperature (HT) significantly affected leaf photosynthetic efficiency, total chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance. The effect was positive or negative, depending on the genotypes. Tepary accessions showed reduced total chlorophyll content, while common bean genotypes and the interspecific lines were less affected. Tepary accessions also showed reduced stomatal conductance, but increased leaf photosynthetic efficiency under HT. Common bean genotypes increased stomatal conductance and decreased leaf photosynthetic efficiency. High temperature decreased total root length, specific root length and pod biomass compared to ambient conditions, but there was no marked effect on pollen viability of the tested genotypes. The superior adaptation of tepary germplasm accessions to high temperature is attributed to their ability to regulate stomatal opening and photosynthetic efficiency, together with a superior ability to remobilize photosynthates from older leaves to pods during physiological maturity

scholarly journals Heat-tolerant pepper cultivar exhibits high rates of chlorophyll, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration in heat stress regime at fruit developing stage

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
S. N. Rajametov ◽  
M. C. Cho ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
H. B. Jeong ◽  
E. Y. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Heat Injury ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Photosynthetic Activities ◽  
Pepper Cultivar ◽  
Pepper Plants

Relevance. Abiotic stress, as heat, significantly affect plant and floral organs growth and development, fruit set, productivity, the quality, and survival of crops. Heat injury occurs when plants are exposed to these temperatures for a long period of time. Depending on the intensity and duration of exposure to the high temperatures, photosynthesis, respiration, membrane integrity, water relations and the hormone balance of the plants may affected.Material and methods. In this study used the commercial pepper cultivar “NW Bigarim” (HT37) released in South Korea and accessions “Kobra” (HT1) and “Samchukjaere” (HT7) selected as heat tolerant and susceptible, respectively. Total chlorophyll index and photosynthetic activities measured using a SPAD meter (Konica, Japan) and portable photosynthesis measurement system (LI-6400, LI-COR Bioscience, Lincoln, NE, USA), respectively.Results. To evaluate the positive effects of high temperature regime (40/28°C day/night, 14/10-h light/dark cycle) on the response of photosynthetic parameters in pepper plants with different heat susceptibility, we measured the total chlorophyll content (CHL) and photosynthetic activities such as photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance to H2O (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) in a heat-tolerant (HT1) and -susceptible cultivars (HT7) in comparison with released cultivar (HT37) at fruit development stage. Heat-tolerant cultivars showed higher and more stable index of the CHL, Pn, Gs and Tr than those in heat-sensitive cultivars for 14 days of heat treatment (HT) period. However, the initial index of Pn, Gs and Tr showed significant alteration among pepper plants regardless of thermotolerance rate before HT on day 0 and day 7 after recovery at normal treatment condition (NT) except for CHL, meaning that plants response to high temperature regime is different from that in normal condition. These results suggest that constant high rates of Pn, Gs and Tr as well as of CHL in heat stress condition periods confer to avoid from heat injury during reproductive growth stages.

scholarly journals Effect of Relative Air Humidity and High Temperature on the Physiological and Anatomical Responses of Two Rhododendron Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1115-1123
Author(s):  
Wenjie Ma ◽  
Wen Liang ◽  
Bing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Water

The effects of different relative air humidity (RH) levels under high temperature and accompanying vapor pressure deficits (VPDs) on the physiology, photosynthesis, and anatomy of Rhododendron need to be better understood to help in reducing damage to leaves caused by high temperature. In this study, two Rhododendron cultivars were exposed at 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, and 85% RH to a treatment of constant temperature at 38 °C for 14 days, resulting in a VPD of 3.64, 2.98, 2.32, 1.66, and 0.99 kPa, respectively. The results showed the least reduction of the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) under 75% RH treatment in R. ‘Fen Zhenzhu’ (decreased by 79.8%), and under the 85% RH treatment in R. ‘Zhuangyuan Hong’ (decreased by 75.4%). The decline in relative water content (RWC) was less under the 75% and 85% RH treatments, and electrolyte leakage showed a slight decrease under the 75% RH treatment in the two Rhododendron cultivars. The appearance of the two cultivars under greater RH showed less damage, probably because plants can avoid damage by increasing total chlorophyll content, decreasing stomatal area, stomatal density, and opened stomata ratio, enhancing enzymatic activity and osmoregulation substances, and improving leaf structure. The findings show that greater RH can alleviate damage caused by heat stress and improve thermostability.

scholarly journals The tepary bean genome provides insight into evolution and domestication under heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Mafi Moghaddam ◽  
Atena Oladzad ◽  
Chushin Koh ◽  
Larissa Ramsay ◽  
John P. Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractTepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolis A. Gray), native to the Sonoran Desert, is highly adapted to heat and drought. It is a sister species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the most important legume protein source for direct human consumption, and whose production is threatened by climate change. Here, we report on the tepary genome including exploration of possible mechanisms for resilience to moderate heat stress and a reduced disease resistance gene repertoire, consistent with adaptation to arid and hot environments. Extensive collinearity and shared gene content among these Phaseolus species will facilitate engineering climate adaptation in common bean, a key food security crop, and accelerate tepary bean improvement.

scholarly journals Gene-based SNP discovery in tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) and common bean (P. vulgaris) for diversity analysis and comparative mapping

BMC Genomics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Gujaria-Verma ◽  
Larissa Ramsay ◽  
Andrew G. Sharpe ◽  
Lacey-Anne Sanderson ◽  
Daniel G. Debouck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Comparative Mapping ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Snp Discovery ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Acutifolius

scholarly journals Role of mineral nutrition in alleviation of heat stress in cotton plants grown in glasshouse and field conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Farrukh Saleem ◽  
Najeeb Ullah ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Cotton Plants

Abstract Coincidence of high temperature with terminal reproductive pheno-stages of cotton is chief constraint to achieve yield potential. This high temperature interfere plant defensive system, physiological process, water relations and lint yield production. In this study, we modulated the detrimental outcomes of heat stress on cotton through the foliar spray of nutrients. Cotton crop was exposed to sub-optimal and supra-optimal thermal regimes for a period of one week at squaring, flowering and boll formation stages under glass house and field conditions. Foliar spray of potassium (K-1.5%), zinc (Zn-0.2%) and boron (B-0.1%) were applied at three reproductive stages one day prior to expose high temperature regimes. High temperature increased lipid membrane damage through increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in cotton leaves. High temperature stress also reduced leaf chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, averaged boll weight (g) and seed cotton yield per plant. Various nutrients variably influenced growth and physiology of heat-stressed cotton plants. Zinc outclassed all other nutrients in increasing leaf SOD, CAT, POX, AsA, TPC activity, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, water potential, boll weight and seed cotton yield per plant. For example, zinc improved seed cotton yield under supra-optimal thermal regime by 17% and under sub-optimal thermal regime by 12% of glasshouse study while 19% under high temperature sowing dates of field study than the water treated plants under the same temperatures. Conclusively, increasing intensities of temperature adversely affected the recorded responses of cotton and exogenous application of Zn efficaciously alleviated heat induced perturbations. Moreover, exogenous nutrients mediated upregulations in physiochemical attributes induced heat tolerance at morphological level.

Cell membrane stability and chlorophyll content variation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes under conditions of heat and drought

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Rashid Mehmood Rana ◽  
Muhammad Naveed Tahir ◽  
Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content

Heat and drought are among the major obstacles confronting crop production under climate change. The present study was conducted to evaluate 50 diverse wheat genotypes for cell membrane stability (CMS) and chlorophyll content at seedling and anthesis stages under heat and drought stress conditions, to understand the effect of the two abiotic factors and to find promising genotypes for future breeding. Experiments were conducted in the glasshouse (seedling stage) and the field (anthesis stage). Analysis of variance showed significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) for all of the traits at seedling and anthesis stages. High levels of broad-sense heritability and genetic advance at 5% selection intensity indicated the presence of a high genetic component of variation and potential for genetic improvement through selection among the existing genetic variation. CMS showed a significant positive correlation with 1000-grain weight (TGW) under heat and drought conditions at both seedling and anthesis stages. Chlorophyll a/b ratio at seedling stage exhibited a significant negative correlation (r = –0.39, P < 0.05) with TGW under heat stress. Total chlorophyll content was significantly (r = 0.42, P < 0.05) correlated with TGW under heat stress at anthesis. Genotypes ETAD248 and ETAD7 showed the highest CMS and TGW values, whereas their chlorophyll a/b values were lowest, at both seedling and anthesis stages under heat and drought stress conditions. Higher CMS and total chlorophyll content, and lower chlorophyll a/b, were found to be useful indicators to identify genotypes with high TGW under heat and drought stress conditions. This study indicated the possibility of using seedling resistance as an indicator for later stage response in breeding for heat and drought resistance. The resistant genotypes identified can be used as potential germplasm in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Mutation breeding for heat and drought tolerance in tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray)

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Ligia Carmenza Muñoz ◽  
Daniel G. Debouck ◽  
Mariela Rivera ◽  
Jaime E. Muñoz ◽  
Deisy Alpala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Acutifolius ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Seed Biomass ◽  
Mutant Lines

Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) is more heat and drought tolerant than common bean (P. vulgaris L.). Four hundred mutant lines of two tepary accessions (G40068 and G40159) were generated by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treatment. In preliminary studies of the M5 mutant lines under abiotic stress, three mutant lines (CMT 38, CMT 109, CMT 187) were selected from six mutated lines based on morpho-physiological traits and superior yield and advanced to the M6 generation. The M6 mutant lines were uniform and genetically stable. These mutant lines and their original (M0) parents were evaluated for heat and drought tolerance under greenhouse conditions. Their performance was evaluated for morpho-physiological attributes, seed yield and yield components. Under high temperature and drought conditions, the CMT 38 mutant (M6 line) and its original tepary (M0) accession (G40068) showed greater values of pod biomass, pod number and 100-seed biomass than the other lines tested. The CMT 109 and CMT 187 mutant lines and their G40159 original accession (M0) also showed the highest value of seed number under high temperature and drought conditions. This suggests that the previous screening performed during the population advancement of these mutant lines, based on morphological traits like growth habit, was not detrimental to the yield variables evaluated here. Under combined heat and drought conditions, different parameters could be incorporated into tepary breeding programmes, as selection criteria to screen genotypes for tolerance to heat and drought stress. These parameters included: chlorophyll (SPAD) readings, seed biomass, 100-seed biomass and seed number because they explain the observed variance in the principal component analysis. Two additional traits (root biomass and stem diameter) were also identified as useful attributes, based on univariate analysis. The mutant lines evaluated here offer potential for further improvement of tepary bean to high temperature and drought

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document