Mutation breeding for heat and drought tolerance in tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray)

Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) is more heat and drought tolerant than common bean (P. vulgaris L.). Four hundred mutant lines of two tepary accessions (G40068 and G40159) were generated by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treatment. In preliminary studies of the M5 mutant lines under abiotic stress, three mutant lines (CMT 38, CMT 109, CMT 187) were selected from six mutated lines based on morpho-physiological traits and superior yield and advanced to the M6 generation. The M6 mutant lines were uniform and genetically stable. These mutant lines and their original (M0) parents were evaluated for heat and drought tolerance under greenhouse conditions. Their performance was evaluated for morpho-physiological attributes, seed yield and yield components. Under high temperature and drought conditions, the CMT 38 mutant (M6 line) and its original tepary (M0) accession (G40068) showed greater values of pod biomass, pod number and 100-seed biomass than the other lines tested. The CMT 109 and CMT 187 mutant lines and their G40159 original accession (M0) also showed the highest value of seed number under high temperature and drought conditions. This suggests that the previous screening performed during the population advancement of these mutant lines, based on morphological traits like growth habit, was not detrimental to the yield variables evaluated here. Under combined heat and drought conditions, different parameters could be incorporated into tepary breeding programmes, as selection criteria to screen genotypes for tolerance to heat and drought stress. These parameters included: chlorophyll (SPAD) readings, seed biomass, 100-seed biomass and seed number because they explain the observed variance in the principal component analysis. Two additional traits (root biomass and stem diameter) were also identified as useful attributes, based on univariate analysis. The mutant lines evaluated here offer potential for further improvement of tepary bean to high temperature and drought

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Physiological Characteristics of Cultivated Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) and Its Wild Relatives Grown at High Temperature and Acid Soil Stress Conditions in the Amazon Region of Colombia

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants11010116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 116

Author(s):

Juan Carlos Suárez ◽

Amara Tatiana Contreras ◽

José Alexander Anzola ◽

José Iván Vanegas ◽

Idupulapati M. Rao

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Genetic Resource ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Photochemical Quenching ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Combined Stress ◽

Tepary Bean ◽

Phaseolus Acutifolius ◽

Soil Stress

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is sensitive to different types of abiotic stresses (drought, high temperature, low soil fertility, and acid soil), and this may limit its adaptation and consequently to its yield under stress. Because of this, a sister species, tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), has recently gained attention in breeding for improved abiotic stress tolerance in common bean. In this study, we evaluated the adaptation of 302 accessions of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) and its wild relatives (grouped in four types of tepary bean genetic resource: cultivated, acutifolius regressive, acutifolius wild, tenuifolius wild) when grown under high temperature and acid soil conditions with aluminum toxicity in the Amazon region of Colombia. Our objective was to determine differences among four types of tepary bean genetic resource in their morpho-phenological, agronomic, and physiological responses to combined high temperature and acid soil stress conditions. We found that cultivated P. acutifolius var acutifolius presented a greater number of pods per plant, as well as larger seeds and a greater number of seeds per pod. Some traits, such as root biomass, days to flowering and physiological maturity, specific leaf area, and stomatal density, showed significant differences between types of tepary bean genetic resource, probably contributing to difference in adaptation to combined stress conditions of high temperature and acid soil conditions. The photochemical quenching (qP) was higher in cultivated P. acutifolius var. acutifolius, while energy dissipation by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the form of heat and the coefficient of non-photochemical dissipation (qN) were higher in acutifolius regressive and tenuifolius wild accessions. We have identified 6 accessions of cultivated and 19 accessions of tenuifolius wild that exhibited grain yields above 1800 kg ha−1. These accessions could be suitable to use as parents to improve dry seed production of tepary bean under combined stress conditions of high temperature and acid soil.

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Heat stress-induced changes in shoot and root characteristics of genotypes of tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and their interspecific lines

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.09.sp-6 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 51-59

Author(s):

Ligia Carmenza Muñoz ◽

Mariela Rivera ◽

Jaime E. Muñoz ◽

Fatma Sarsu ◽

Idupulapati M. Rao

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Common Bean ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Tepary Bean ◽

Phaseolus Acutifolius ◽

Total Chlorophyll Content

Heat stress is a major limitation to grain yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) is better adapted to heat stress than common bean. Ten tepary bean accessions, four common bean genotypes and four interspecific lines involving P. vulgaris and P. acutufolius, P. coccineus and P. dumosus were evaluated for tolerance to heat stress conditions induced under greenhouse conditions and these were compared to plants grown under ambient temperatures. The high temperature treatment was 29 ±5 °C during the day and was >24 °C (up to 27 °C) during the night, while the ambient temperature (AT) treatment was 25 ±5 °C during the day and 19± 2 °C at night. The genotypic differences were evaluated for morpho-physiological characteristics of shoot and root and also yield components. The Genotype and Genotype × Temperature interactions were significant for all shoot and root morpho-physiological characteristics evaluated. Higher temperature (HT) significantly affected leaf photosynthetic efficiency, total chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance. The effect was positive or negative, depending on the genotypes. Tepary accessions showed reduced total chlorophyll content, while common bean genotypes and the interspecific lines were less affected. Tepary accessions also showed reduced stomatal conductance, but increased leaf photosynthetic efficiency under HT. Common bean genotypes increased stomatal conductance and decreased leaf photosynthetic efficiency. High temperature decreased total root length, specific root length and pod biomass compared to ambient conditions, but there was no marked effect on pollen viability of the tested genotypes. The superior adaptation of tepary germplasm accessions to high temperature is attributed to their ability to regulate stomatal opening and photosynthetic efficiency, together with a superior ability to remobilize photosynthates from older leaves to pods during physiological maturity

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Allelic Diversity at Abiotic Stress Responsive Genes in Relationship to Ecological Drought Indices for Cultivated Tepary Bean, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray, and Its Wild Relatives

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12040556 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 556

Author(s):

María A. Buitrago-Bitar ◽

Andrés J. Cortés ◽

Felipe López-Hernández ◽

Jorge M. Londoño-Caicedo ◽

Jaime E. Muñoz-Florez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Allelic Diversity ◽

The United States ◽

Wild Relatives ◽

Drought Indices ◽

Candidate Gene Approach ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Tepary Bean ◽

Phaseolus Acutifolius

Some of the major impacts of climate change are expected in regions where drought stress is already an issue. Grain legumes are generally drought susceptible. However, tepary bean and its wild relatives within Phaseolus acutifolius or P. parvifolius are from arid areas between Mexico and the United States. Therefore, we hypothesize that these bean accessions have diversity signals indicative of adaptation to drought at key candidate genes such as: Asr2, Dreb2B, and ERECTA. By sequencing alleles of these genes and comparing to estimates of drought tolerance indices from climate data for the collection site of geo-referenced, tepary bean accessions, we determined the genotype x environmental association (GEA) of each gene. Diversity analysis found that cultivated and wild P. acutifolius were intermingled with var. tenuifolius and P. parvifolius, signifying that allele diversity was ample in the wild and cultivated clade over a broad sense (sensu lato) evaluation. Genes Dreb2B and ERECTA harbored signatures of directional selection, represented by six SNPs correlated with the environmental drought indices. This suggests that wild tepary bean is a reservoir of novel alleles at genes for drought tolerance, as expected for a species that originated in arid environments. Our study corroborated that candidate gene approach was effective for marker validation across a broad genetic base of wild tepary accessions.

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Pollen viability of Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray.) mutant lines under water stress conditions and inoculation with rhizobia

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v67n2.57704 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (2) ◽

pp. 319-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sergio Crespo-Muñoz ◽

Mariela Rivera-Peña ◽

Deisy Alexandra Rosero-Alpala ◽

Jaime Eduardo Muñoz-Florez ◽

Idupulapati M. Rao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Pollen Viability ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Rhizobium Tropici ◽

Tepary Bean ◽

Phaseolus Acutifolius ◽

Bradyrhizobium Sp ◽

Mutant Lines

El fríjol tépari, Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray destaca por su tolerancia al estrés por sequía y altas temperaturas, sin embargo, presenta baja diversidad genética en sus formas cultivadas. Por lo que se inició un programa de inducción de mutaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer el efecto de diferentes parámetros agro-morfofisiológicos asociados sobre la viabilidad y cantidad del polen en 123 líneas mutantes de la quinta generación M5 de P. acutifolius y genotipos parentales, por medio del procesamiento de microfotografías de preparaciones de polen con tinción de acetocarmin. El experimento se realizó en condiciones de invernadero y el diseño experimental fue de subparcelas divididas con 3 repeticiones; adicionalmente, los factores evaluados fueron: condiciones de humedad del suelo, inoculación con cepas de Bradyrhizobium sp. o Rhizobium tropici, y las líneas o accesiones evaluadas (6 mutantes y 2 no mutantes). El experimento fue realizado manteniendo la temperatura nocturna superior a 25°C. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos, se encontraron correlaciones positivas de la viabilidad de polen con otras variables.

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Gene-based SNP discovery in tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) and common bean (P. vulgaris) for diversity analysis and comparative mapping

BMC Genomics ◽

10.1186/s12864-016-2499-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Neha Gujaria-Verma ◽

Larissa Ramsay ◽

Andrew G. Sharpe ◽

Lacey-Anne Sanderson ◽

Daniel G. Debouck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Comparative Mapping ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

Snp Discovery ◽

Tepary Bean ◽

Phaseolus Acutifolius

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Chronic Gamma Irradiation Changes Phenotype and Gene Expression Partially Transmitted to Next-Generation Tomato Seedlings

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1638

Author(s):

Seong-Min Kim ◽

Yeong Deuk Jo ◽

Jae-In Chun ◽

Jin-Baek Kim ◽

Jin-Ho Kang

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Mutation Breeding ◽

Fruit Shape ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Trichome Density ◽

Next Generation ◽

Seed Number ◽

And Control

Compared to the studies on acute irradiation of seeds, fewer studies have reported on the chronic irradiation of seedlings, especially in fruit-bearing vegetables. We examined the effects of chronic gamma irradiation on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Micro-Tom’) seedlings exposed to gamma rays (50, 100, 150, and 200 Gy) for 4 weeks. As the total dose of gamma rays increased, leaf length, trichome density, and seed number were reduced in the irradiated seedlings (M1). Additionally, a change in fruit shape was observed. Chronic gamma irradiation reduced the expression of two trichome-related genes and affected the expression levels of 11 reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related genes. We examined the transmittance of these effects using M2 plants. The trichome density and fruit shape were similar between M2 and control plants; however, a reduction in leaf length and seed number was detected in M2 plants. Interestingly, changes in the expression of four ROS-related genes (ZAT10, Mn-SOD, POD3, and RBOH1) found in M1 were detected in M2 plants. Thus, the changes in phenotype and gene expression induced by chronic gamma irradiation were transmitted to the next generation. Additionally, we found novel mutants from M2 plants, suggesting that chronic gamma irradiation may be considered in tomato mutation breeding.

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Enhancement of drought tolerance in diverse Vicia faba cultivars by inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under newly reclaimed soil conditions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02847-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elsayed Mansour ◽

Hany A. M. Mahgoub ◽

Samir A. Mahgoub ◽

El-Sayed E. A. El-Sobky ◽

Mohamed I. Abdul-Hamid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Effects Of Drought

AbstractWater deficit has devastating impacts on legume production, particularly with the current abrupt climate changes in arid environments. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an effective approach for producing natural nitrogen and attenuating the detrimental effects of drought stress. This study investigated the influence of inoculation with the PGPR Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae (USDA 2435) and Pseudomonas putida (RA MTCC5279) solely or in combination on the physio-biochemical and agronomic traits of five diverse Vicia faba cultivars under well-watered (100% crop evapotranspiration [ETc]), moderate drought (75% ETc), and severe drought (50% ETc) conditions in newly reclaimed poor-fertility sandy soil. Drought stress substantially reduced the expression of photosynthetic pigments and water relation parameters. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased in plants under drought stress compared with those in well-watered plants. These adverse effects of drought stress reduced crop water productivity (CWP) and seed yield‐related traits. However, the application of PGPR, particularly a consortium of both strains, improved these parameters and increased seed yield and CWP. The evaluated cultivars displayed varied tolerance to drought stress: Giza-843 and Giza-716 had the highest tolerance under well-watered and moderate drought conditions, whereas Giza-843 and Sakha-4 were more tolerant under severe drought conditions. Thus, co-inoculation of drought-tolerant cultivars with R. leguminosarum and P. putida enhanced their tolerance and increased their yield and CWP under water-deficit stress conditions. This study showed for the first time that the combined use of R. leguminosarum and P. putida is a promising and ecofriendly strategy for increasing drought tolerance in legume crops.

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