scholarly journals Executive Function performance in patients with obesity: A systematic review

Psychologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-134
Author(s):  
Daniel Alfredo Landinez ◽  
Sebastian Robledo Giraldo ◽  
Diana Marcela Montoya Londoño
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
General Description ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
The Relationship

Executive dysfunction is associated with the inability to control aberrant behaviors, such as chronic overeating (Moore, Sabino, Koob, & Cottone, 2017). Obese individuals often report great difficulties controlling eating behaviors, despite a desire to successfully lose weight (Dohle, Diel, & Hofmann, 2018). However, current literature lacks a systematic review about the relationship between executive dysfunction and Obesity. The aim of this study is to present the most important findings about this matter. First, a bibliometric analysis shows the evolution of the topic. Then, the Tree of Science tool is used to show a chronological review that provides a general description of the roots and current perspectives of the state of literature. Finally, clustering analysis of the co-citation network was employed to identify the different perspectives of the topic. The main findings suggest four approaches: (1) effects of body mass index on executive functioning, (2) executive functioning in children with overweight and obesity, (3) physical activity for adult obesity and (4) structural and functional brain changes in obesity. Preliminary data state that in obesity, poor food choices may be associated with frontal cognitive impairments that contribute to reduced orbito-frontal cortex volume. 

scholarly journals Improving Cardiovascular Health through Nudging Healthier Food Choices: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tørris ◽  
Hilde Mobekk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are considered major public health problems, and their negative impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is profound. Targeting modifiable risk factors such as dietary habits is therefore of great importance. Many of today’s health challenges with overweight and obesity may have behavioral roots, and traditional methods such as regulations and campaigns are often insufficient to improve dietary choices. Nudging or choice architecture might be a viable tool to influence people’s everyday choices and behaviors to better outcomes. This paper reviews the current state of the rapidly expanding number of experimental field studies that investigate the effects/associations of nudging on healthy food choices. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, where 142 citations were identified. Based on selection criteria, six randomized controlled trials and 15 non-randomized controlled trials were ultimately included. The results of this systematic review show that many of the studies included traffic-light labeling, which may be a promising strategy. The reviewed findings, however, also highlight the challenges that confront experimental studies examining the impact of nudging on diet.

The relationship between overweight and obesity, and sick leave: a systematic review

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C van Duijvenbode ◽  
M J M Hoozemans ◽  
M N M van Poppel ◽  
K I Proper
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity in Offspring: A Systematic Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Y. Kim ◽  
J. Lucinda England ◽  
J. Andrea Sharma ◽  
Terry Njoroge
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

We systematically reviewed research examining the association between gestational diabetes (GDM) and childhood overweight and obesity. We identified studies from three sources: (1) a PubMed search of articles published between January 1990–January 2011, (2) reference lists of publications from the PubMed search, and (3) reference lists of review articles. We included studies that examined GDM separately from pregestational diabetes and childhood overweight or obesity defined as BMI > 85th or 95th percentile. A total of 12 studies were included in the systematic review. Crude odds ratios for the relationship between GDM and childhood overweight or obesity ranged from 0.7 to 6.3; in 8 studies, the associations were not statistically significant. In only 3 studies were results adjusted for any confounders; in the 2 that adjusted for prepregnancy obesity, the GDM and childhood overweight or obesity associations were attenuated and not statistically significant after adjustment. This paper demonstrates inconsistent evidence of an association between GDM and offspring overweight and obesity due to the methodological limitations of existing studies. Recommendations for future research are presented, which address methodological challenges.

scholarly journals The relationship of neuropsychological functioning to adaptation outcome in adolescents with spina bifida

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMY K. HEFFELFINGER ◽  
JENNIFER I. KOOP ◽  
PHILIP S. FASTENAU ◽  
TIMOTHY J. BREI ◽  
LISA CONANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescents with spina bifida (SB) vary in their ability to adapt to the disease, and it is likely that numerous risk and protective factors affect adaptation outcomes. The primary aim was to test neuropsychological impairment, exemplified herein by executive dysfunction, as a risk factor in the Ecological Model of Adaptation for Adolescents with SB. Specific hypotheses were that: (1) executive functioning predicts the adaptation outcome of functional independence in adolescents with SB; (2) executive functioning mediates the impact of neurological severity on functional independence; and (3) family and adolescent protective factors are related to functional independence and moderate the relationship between executive functioning and functional independence. Forty-three adolescents aged 12–21 years completed neuropsychological measures and an interview that assessed risk, adolescent and family protective factors, and functional independence. Age, level of lesion, executive functioning, and the protective factor adolescent activities were significantly correlated with the functional independence outcome. In hierarchical regression analysis, the model accounted for 61% of the variance in functional independence outcomes. Executive functioning mediated the impact of neurological severity on functional independence. (JINS, 2008, 14, 793–804.)

scholarly journals Effects of ultra-processed food on cognition and learning of adolescents: a rapid systematic review

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Matias Noll ◽  
Priscilla Rayanne e Silva Noll ◽  
Carolina Rodrigues Mendonça ◽  
Ana Paula dos Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Erika Aparecida Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Good Nutrition ◽  
Cognition And Learning ◽  
Educational Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Overweight and obesity in adolescents are associated with high consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF). UPF are industrially manufactured foods that contain large amounts of calories, trans fats, sugars, sodium, and chemical additives. It is also associated with lower intake of vitamins, milk, fruits and vegetables. Through adolescence, good nutrition is essential during neurodevelopment for optimal brain health. However, the relationship between UPF and educational variables are not clear; therefore, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of UPF on variables such as cognition and learning processes. So, our aim was to evaluate the effects of UPF on cognition and learning of adolescents through systematic review. Understanding these effects is important because it may provide information for public health and educational policies mainly targeted at schools to ensure a healthy food environment. The results from the study showed that no study had met our eligibility criteria; however, we considered it relevant to share the findings.

scholarly journals Prenatal Dietary Exposures and Offspring Body Size from 6 Months to 18 Years: A Systematic Review (P11-019-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Litvak ◽  
Niyati Parekh ◽  
Andrea Deierlein
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
English Articles ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives In utero dietary exposures may influence childhood obesity. Current research on the relationship between prenatal food and beverage intakes and offspring obesity has yielded mixed results. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the relationship between prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years. Methods A systematic review of English articles using PubMed and Web of Science (January 2010- March 2018) was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Additional studies were identified through a reference review of articles that met the inclusion criteria and related review articles. Longitudinal observational studies that assessed dietary patterns, food(s) and/or macronutrients(s), or beverage(s) consumption during healthy pregnancy and evaluated offspring body size between the ages of 6 months and 18 years were included in the review. Results Twenty studies evaluating dietary patterns (n = 6), macronutrient(s) and/or food(s) (n = 11), and beverages (n = 3) met inclusion criteria. Consumption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern during pregnancy was associated with lower anthropometric measures in offspring, while sugars and refined carbohydrates were associated with offspring obesity. Mixed results were observed for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, sugar-sweetened beverages, and artificially sweetened beverages. Conclusions These findings suggest that following a Mediterranean diet and limiting sugar intake during pregnancy may make small but significant contributions to preventing childhood overweight and obesity. Future research should focus on prenatal diet quality to better communicate the information to health practitioners. Funding Sources None.

Phonemic Verbal Fluency and Midbrain Atrophy in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Antonina Luca ◽  
Alessandra Nicoletti ◽  
Giulia Donzuso ◽  
Claudio Terravecchia ◽  
Calogero Edoardo Cicero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Phonemic Verbal Fluency ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The neuropsychological profile of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients is mainly characterized by executive dysfunction, but the relationship between the latter and midbrain atrophy is still unclear. Objective: The aims of the study were to investigate which test evaluating executive functioning is more frequently impaired in PSP patients and to evaluate the relationship between midbrain-based MRI morphometric measures and executive dysfunction. Methods: PSP patients who had undergone a neuropsychological battery assessing executive functioning with the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), the phonemic verbal fluency F-A-S, the Raven’s Progressive Colored Matrix, and the Stroop word colors test (time and errors) were enrolled in the study. A group of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients matched by age, sex, education, and global cognitive status was selected. All the enrolled patients also underwent a volumetric T1-3D brain MRI. Results: Thirty-five PSP patients and 35 PD patients were enrolled. Patients with PSP as compared to patients with PD showed a significant greater impairment in verbal fluency (16.0±7.9 and 23.4±8.7 words/180 s; p <  0.001) and a significant lower score at the FAB total score (11.5±3.8 and 13.7±3.4; p = 0.013). Midbrain area was significantly smaller in PSP patients than in PD patients (83.9±20.1 and 134.5±19.9 mm2; p <  0.001). In PSP patients, a significant positive correlation between verbal fluency and the midbrain area (r = 0.421; p = 0.028) was observed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the phonemic verbal fluency is among the most frequently impaired executive functions in PSP patients and is strongly correlated to midbrain atrophy.

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