scholarly journals Alternatives to hormone therapy for management of climacteric syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
G. B. Dikke
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Menopausal Syndrome ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Breathing Exercises

The “gold” standard of treatment for women with menopausal syndrome (MS) is hormonal therapy, which, however, may not be acceptable in all cases, which determines the need to choose other methods.Effective alternatives to the treatment of MS are tissue-selective modulators of estrogen receptors and phytoestrogens, which contribute to the reduction of both early (vegetative-vascular and psycho-emotional) and mid-term and late disorders (osteoporosis), in contrast to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin / norepinephrine, which affect only the vegetative-vascular and psychoemotional symptoms and bisforphonates, which prevent the loss of bone mineral density. Isoflavones of red clover at a dose of 40 mg when taken for 3 months lead to a reduction in hot flashes in 47-85% of patients, insomnia in 53%, anxiety and depression in 76-81%, and also has a positive effect on endocrine-metabolic disorders and bone mineral density with prolonged use. Their use has been shown to be safe for 3 years. Controlling stress through cognitive behavioral therapy (positive effects on psychological symptoms, stress and depression) and clinical hypnosis (reducing symptoms by 50%) may be helpful in relieving MS symptoms. Supplements with vitamins C, D, K and calcium can be recommended to maintain healthy bones, antioxidants (vitamins C and E) - to enhance the effects of pharmacotherapy. There is no evidence of benefits for vasomotor symptoms of yoga, breathing exercises, relaxation, herbal and homeopathic remedies, nutritional supplements.The information accumulated to date on the efficacy and safety of phytoestrogens (red clover extract) makes it possible to recommend them as an alternative to MHT for the treatment of disorders associated with involutive changes in the female reproductive system during the peri- and postmenopausal period.

Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Bone Mineral Density Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies C. Ham ◽  
Nikkie Aarts ◽  
Raymond Noordam ◽  
Fernando Rivadeneira ◽  
Gijsbertus Ziere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Density Change ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Change ◽  
Mineral Density

Effects of vitamin D and estrogen receptor polymorphisms on bone mineral density in adolescents with anorexia nervosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1377-1384
Author(s):  
Işıl İnan-Erdoğan ◽  
Sinem Akgül ◽  
Kübra Işgın-Atıcı ◽  
Tuğba Tuğrul-Yücel ◽  
Koray Boduroğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious eating disorder that is associated with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and greater lifetime risk for fractures. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between BMD and genetic polymorphisms in AN. Methods This case-control study analyzed vitamin D receptor (VDR) (VDRBsml, VDRFokl) and estrogen receptor (ESR) (ESR1Xbal, ESR1Pvull) polymorphisms in 45 adolescents diagnosed with AN and 46 age-matched healthy controls. BMD values of the AN group were classified as low or normal, and polymorphisms were compared between cases and controls. The effects of body mass index (BMI), duration of disease and amenorrhea on BMD were also evaluated. Results In girls with AN, a positive effect of the bb genotype of VDRBsmI polymorphism on femur Z-scores (p = 0.103) and of the Ff genotype of VDRFokI polymorphism on vertebra Z-scores (p = 0.097) was observed. In boys with AN, a positive effect of the Ff genotype of VDRFokI polymorphism on vertebra BMD (g/cm2) was detected (p = 0.061). No association was detected between ESR polymorphisms. An inverse relationship was observed between BMD and duration of illness and amenorrhea. A direct relationship was detected between BMD and BMI. Conclusions Specific VDR gene polymorphism genotypes may have positive effects on BMD in patients with AN. Additionally, the lack of association between ESR gene polymorphisms on BMD could be attributed to the low estrogen status of the patient.

Habitual Tea Drinking and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Turkish Women: Investigation of Prevalence of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Turkey (IPPOT Study)

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdi Kara ◽  
Aydin ◽  
Gemalmaz ◽  
Aktürk ◽  
Yaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
High Education ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
Turkish Women ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Tea Drinking ◽  
Positive Effect

Aim: In this epidemiological report, we assessed the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis (OP) in postmenopausal Turkish women and the relationship between body mass index (BMI), and some nutritional factors (habitual tea, coffee, tobacco, and milk product consumption) with OP. Methods: This multicenter study was done in postmenopausal women residing in five big cities, in four different regions of Turkey between August and November 2005. An inclusion criterion was being in the postmenopausal period for at least 12 months. A semi-structured questionnaire was completed by face-to-face interview, consisting of closed- and open-ended questions about demographic characteristics, nutritional status, and habits with two or more choices as possible responses. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed with a MetriScan® Densitometer (Alara Inc., Ca, USA). Results: Seven hundred twenty-four women were included in the study. The mean age was 57.6 ± 9.6 years, and mean age at natural menopause was 46.4 ± 5.6 years. Of the participants, 51% were illiterate. According to WHO classification; 42.5% were normal in terms of BMD, 27.2% had osteopenia, and 30.2% had OP. Women with high education levels had better T-scores (p = 0.019). Increase in BMI also had a positive effect on T-scores (p < 0.0001). A linear correlation was found between age (r= –0.386, p < 0.0001), BMI (r = –0.175, p < 0.0001), and education (r = –0.317, p < 0.0001), with T-scores. The T-scores of women who consumed tea on a regular basis were found to be higher than non-consumers (–1.51 ± 1.68 vs. –1.09 ± 1.66; p = 0.070) [when smokers, those who received hormonal therapy (HT), and those > 65 years were excluded]. Conclusion: OP was determined in 1/3 of the women. Advanced age (> 65) and being illiterate were negative factors, while high education levels, being overweight, and being treated with HT had a positive effects on BMD. Habitual tea drinking also may have a positive effect on BMD. However, tea drinking was not found to be a statistically significant factor in the present study.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density, polyphenols and caffeine: a reassessment

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Dew ◽  
A. J. Day ◽  
M. R. A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Positive Effects

Several studies have shown beneficial associations between tea consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. Current investigations into potential mechanisms of benefit are focused upon the F and polyphenol components of tea. However, previous studies have pointed towards caffeine consumption as a potential risk factor for low BMD and high fracture risk. Tea, therefore, represents an interesting paradox as a mildly caffeinated beverage that may enhance bone health. Fruit and vegetable intake has also been associated with BMD, and it is now apparent that several fruit and vegetable components, including polyphenols, may contribute positively to bone health. Evidence surrounding the function(s) of polyphenol-rich foods in bone health is examined, along with more recent studies challenging the relevance of caffeine consumption to in vivo Ca balance. Plant foods rich in polyphenols such as tea, fruit and vegetables, as significant factors in a healthy diet and lifestyle, may have positive roles in bone health, and the negative role of caffeine may have been overestimated. The present review covers evidence of dietary mediation in positive and negative aspects of bone health, in particular the roles of tea, fruit and vegetables, and of caffeine, flavonoids and polyphenols as components of these foods. Since the deleterious effects of caffeine appear to have been overstated, especially in respect of the positive effects of flavonoids, it is concluded that a reassessment of the role of caffeinated beverages may be necessary.

scholarly journals Effect of Rhythmic Gymnastics on Volumetric Bone Mineral Density and Bone Geometry in Premenarcheal Female Athletes and Controls

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2755-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tournis ◽  
E. Michopoulou ◽  
I. G. Fatouros ◽  
I. Paspati ◽  
M. Michalopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Context and Objective: Weight-bearing exercise during growth exerts positive effects on the skeleton. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that long-term elite rhythmic gymnastics exerts positive effects on volumetric bone mineral density and geometry and to determine whether exercise-induced bone adaptation is associated with increased periosteal bone formation or medullary contraction using tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography and bone turnover markers. Design and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional study at a tertiary center. Subjects: We studied 26 elite premenarcheal female rhythmic gymnasts (RG) and 23 female controls, aged 9–13 yr. Main Outcome Measures: We measured bone age, volumetric bone mineral density, bone mineral content (BMC), cortical thickness, cortical and trabecular area, and polar stress strength index (SSIp) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the left tibia proximal to the distal metaphysis (trabecular) at 14, 38 (cortical), and 66% (muscle mass) from the distal end and bone turnover markers. Results: The two groups were comparable according to height and chronological and bone age. After weight adjustment, cortical BMC, area, and thickness at 38% were significantly higher in RG (P &lt; 0.005–0.001). Periosteal circumference, SSIp, and muscle area were higher in RG (P &lt; 0.01–0.001). Muscle area was significantly associated with cortical BMC, area, and SSIp, whereas years of training showed positive association with cortical BMC, area, and thickness independent of chronological age. Conclusions: RG in premenarcheal girls may induce positive adaptations on the skeleton, especially in cortical bone. Increased duration of exercise is associated with a positive response of bone geometry.

scholarly journals Fluoxetine Administration During Lactation Impacts the Bone Health of the Dam and the Offspring in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A233-A233
Author(s):  
Hannah P Fricke ◽  
Chandler J Krajco ◽  
Celeste M Sheftel ◽  
Julia F Charles ◽  
Laura L Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
And Control ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly prescribed class of antidepressants during pregnancy and lactation. SSRIs decrease bone mineral density (BMD) across all ages and sexes. Lactation is also characterized by increased bone resorption to mobilize calcium and achieves this via a serotonin-induced hormonal cascade. This serotonin-mediated bone loss is normally restored after weaning but is persistent when an SSRI is administered during the peripartum period. Our lab has previously shown that administration of the SSRI fluoxetine (FLX) during both gestation and lactation results in compromised bone health of the dam, which is characterized by a decreased bone mineral density (BMD). Along with this, we have also shown a decrease in BMD and femoral length in the offspring of the FLX-treated dams at weaning. We hypothesize that FLX usage during lactation only will impact the bone health of the dam as well as the bone health of her offspring due to exposure to FLX via the dam’s milk. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomized to receive the SSRI fluoxetine hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) or saline daily from the beginning of lactation (D0) through the end of lactation (D21), resulting in the following treatments: FLX dams (n=13) and control dams (n=13). The offspring of the treated dams were then harvested at weaning (3 weeks of age). During the peripartal period, the BMD of the dam was monitored via dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). A baseline scan was taken at 6 weeks of age, at the end of pregnancy (E17.5), the beginning of lactation (D2), peak lactation (D10), and at the end of lactation (D21). There was no significant difference in the BMD of the FLX dams compared to the control dams at 6 weeks of age (p=0.9992), E17.5 (p=0.9995), D2 (p&gt;0.9999), or D10 (p&gt;0.9999). However, at D21, the FLX dams had a decreased BMD compared to the control dams (p=0.0493). Along with the decreased BMD of the FLX dams at weaning, there was a significant decrease in femur length in the pups of the FLX dams (p=0.0040). When the pups were separated by sex, the decreased femur length was observed in both the male (p=0.0413) and female (p=0.0047) offspring. These data suggest that fluoxetine use during lactation only results in a decreased BMD of the treated dams, as well as decreased femur length in the exposed offspring in both sexes.

Bone Mineral Density during 3 years of Growth Hormone in previously GH-treated Young Adults with PWS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layla Damen ◽  
Lionne N. Grootjen ◽  
Stephany H. Donze ◽  
Laura C.g. de Graaff ◽  
Janielle A.e.m. van der Velden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Total Body ◽  
One Year

Objective: In children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), growth hormone (GH) treatment has positive effects on bone mineral density (BMD). Two one-year studies did not show a difference between GH or placebo on BMD in young adults with PWS. However, there are no studies investigating BMD during longer-term GH treatment in young adults with PWS. Design: Open-label, prospective study in 43 young adults with PWS. Methods: BMD of the total body (BMDTBSDS) and lumbar spine (BMADLSSDS) measured by DXA. Results: In the total group, estimated mean (95% CI) BMDTB remained similar during 3 years of GH, being -0.76 (-1.11 to -0.41) SDS at start and -0.90 (-1.27 to -0.54) SDS after 3 years (p=0.11), as did BMADLS, being -0.36 (-0.72 to 0.01) SDS and -0.46 (-0.77 to -0.16) SDS resp. (p=0.16). In men, there was a significant decrease in BMDTBSDS during 3 years of GH, while BMADLSSDS remained similar. In women, both BMDTBSDS and BMADLSSDS remained similar. BMDTBSDS was associated with female sex, lean body mass and age. The majority of patients received sex steroid replacement therapy (SSRT). Conclusions: During 3 years of combined GH and SSRT treatment, BMD remained stable in the normal range in young adults with PWS. However, men showed a decline in BMDTBSDS, probably due to insufficient SSRT. We recommend to continue GH treatment in young adults with PWS and to start SSRT during adolescence unless puberty progresses normally.

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