Microbial Processes in Engineering Clay Materials and Biocidal Additives to Prevent Them

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
G.D. Artemyev ◽  
N.M. Popova ◽  
A.V. Safonov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Underground Disposal ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
Clay Materials

Microbial activity in engineering clay materials of safety barriers in conditions, simulating a deep underground disposal point of radioactive waste Yeniseiskii (Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Kray) has been studied. It was established that clays with a high content of sulfur, iron and organic carbon, as well as those containing mineral phases (calcites, spars, and others) can be a source of microbial gas release, including methane, and also of products (for instance, hydrogen sulfide), which may be corrosive to steals in contact with clay materials. The microbial processes in clays rich in biogenic elements and minerals lead to the dissolution of aluminosilicate structural lattices. To prevent the microbial impact, various biocidal additives are used: Amanat, Rancid, boric acid and polyhexamethylguanidine (PHMG). The effect of these preparations at various temperatures was analyzed. It was found that PHMG was the most effective among the tested preparations over a wide temperature range. radioactive waste, microbial activity biological destruction, biocides

STATE-OF-ART IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF CLAY MATERIALS AS ENGINEERED SAFETY BARRIERS AT RADIOACTIVE WASTE CONSERVATION AND DISPOSAL FACILITIES IN RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
O. A. Ilina ◽  
◽  
V. V. Krupskaya ◽  
S. E. Vinokurov ◽  
S. N. Kalmykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Safety Barriers ◽  
Clay Materials ◽  
State Of Art

scholarly journals Soil gas probes for monitoring trace gas messengers of microbial activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Roscioli ◽  
Laura K. Meredith ◽  
Joanne H. Shorter ◽  
Juliana Gil-Loaiza ◽  
Till H. M. Volkmann
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Subsurface Monitoring

AbstractSoil microbes vigorously produce and consume gases that reflect active soil biogeochemical processes. Soil gas measurements are therefore a powerful tool to monitor microbial activity. Yet, the majority of soil gases lack non-disruptive subsurface measurement methods at spatiotemporal scales relevant to microbial processes and soil structure. To address this need, we developed a soil gas sampling system that uses novel diffusive soil probes and sample transfer approaches for high-resolution sampling from discrete subsurface regions. Probe sampling requires transferring soil gas samples to above-ground gas analyzers where concentrations and isotopologues are measured. Obtaining representative soil gas samples has historically required balancing disruption to soil gas composition with measurement frequency and analyzer volume demand. These considerations have limited attempts to quantify trace gas spatial concentration gradients and heterogeneity at scales relevant to the soil microbiome. Here, we describe our new flexible diffusive probe sampling system integrated with a modified, reduced volume trace gas analyzer and demonstrate its application for subsurface monitoring of biogeochemical cycling of nitrous oxide (N2O) and its site-specific isotopologues, methane, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide in controlled soil columns. The sampling system observed reproducible responses of soil gas concentrations to manipulations of soil nutrients and redox state, providing a new window into the microbial response to these key environmental forcings. Using site-specific N2O isotopologues as indicators of microbial processes, we constrain the dynamics of in situ microbial activity. Unlocking trace gas messengers of microbial activity will complement -omics approaches, challenge subsurface models, and improve understanding of soil heterogeneity to disentangle interactive processes in the subsurface biome.

Biological processes in modelling soil functions – a balancing act between too complex and too simple

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara König ◽  
Ulrich Weller ◽  
Thomas Reitz ◽  
Bibiana Betancur-Corredor ◽  
Birgit Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Soil Functions ◽  
Management Options ◽  
The Impact

<p>Mechanistic simulation models are an essential tool for predicting soil functions such as nutrient cycling, water filtering and storage, productivity and carbon storage as well as the complex interactions between these functions. Most soil functions are driven or affected by soil organisms. Yet, biological processes are often neglected in soil function models or implicitly described by rate parameters. This can be explained by the high complexity of the soil ecosystem with its dynamic and heterogeneous environment, and by the range of temporal and spatial scales these processes are taking place at. On the other hand, the technical capabilities to explore microbial activity and communities in soil has greatly improved, resulting in new possibilities to understand soil microbial processes on various scales.</p><p>However, to integrate such biological processes in soil modelling, we need to find the right level of detail. Here, we present a systemic soil model approach to simulate the impact of different management options and changing climate on soil functions integrating biological activity on the profile scale. We use stoichiometric considerations to simulate microbial processes involved in different soil functions without explicitly describing community dynamics or functional groups. With this approach we are able to mechanistically describe microbial activity and its impact on the turnover of organic matter and nutrient cycling as driven by agricultural soil management.</p><p>Further, we discuss general challenges and ongoing developments to additionally consider, e.g., microbe-fauna-interactions or microbial feedback with soil structure dynamics.</p>

scholarly journals Mutual impact of reservoir sands and acidic liquid radioactive waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 10008
Author(s):  
Irina Vlasova ◽  
Anna Romanchuk ◽  
Ilya Gusev ◽  
Anna Volkova ◽  
Elena Zakharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Solution ◽  
Secondary Minerals ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Sandy Rock

The work is devoted to the study of the behavior of long-lived alpha-emitting radionuclides (Pu, Am, U, Np) under the conditions of injection of acidic liquid radioactive waste into a sandy rock reservoir bed. Different mineral phases of initial reservoir sands, secondary minerals formed when interacting with waste solutions, as well as phases precipitating from the waste solution are considered in terms of their retention properties towards to actinides.

The Role of the Engineered Barrier System in Safety Cases for Geological Radioactive Waste Repositories: An NEA Initiative in Co-operation with the EC

2006 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Bennett ◽  
Alan J. Hooper ◽  
Sylvie Voinis ◽  
Hiroyuki Umeki
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Radioactive Waste Repositories ◽  
Deep Underground ◽  
Safety Cases ◽  
Waste Repositories

Radioactive waste derives from all phases of the nuclear fuel cycle and from the use of radioactive materials in industrial, medical, military and research applications; all such wastes must be managed safely. The most hazardous and long-lived wastes, such as spent nuclear fuel and waste from nuclear fuel reprocessing, must be contained and isolated from humans and the environment for many thousands of years. Many Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) member countries are, therefore, researching plans for the management of long-lived radioactive waste in engineered facilities, or repositories, located deep underground in suitable geological formations.

A Review of Corrosion Considerations of Container Materials Relevant to Underground Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste in Belgium

2006 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Kursten ◽  
Frank Druyts
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
High Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
Boom Clay ◽  
Nuclear Site ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Underground Disposal ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACTThe underground formation that is currently being considered in Belgium for the permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel is a 30-million-year-old argillaceous sediment (Boom Clay layer). This layer is located in the northeast of Belgium and extending under the Mol-Dessel nuclear site at a depth between 180 and 280 meter.Within the concept for geological disposal (multibarrier system), the metallic container is the primary engineered barrier. Its main goal is to contain the radioactive waste and to prevent the groundwater from coming into contact with the wasteform by acting as a tight barrier. The corrosion resistance of container materials is an important aspect in ensuring the tightness of the metallic container and therefore plays an important role in the safe disposal of HLW. The metallic container has to provide a high integrity, i.e. no through-the-wall corrosion should occur, at least for the duration of the thermal phase (500 years for vitrified HLW and 2000 years for spent fuel).An extensive corrosion evaluation programme, sponsored by the national authorities and the European Commission, was started in Belgium in the mid 1980's. The main objective was to evaluate the long-term corrosion performance of a broad range of candidate container materials. In addition, the influence of several parameters, such as temperature, oxygen content, groundwater composition (chloride, sulphate and thiosulphate), γ-radiation, … were investigated. The experimental approach consisted of in situ experiments (performed in the underground research facility, HADES), electrochemical experiments, immersion experiments and large scale demonstration tests (OPHELIE, PRACLAY). Degradation modes considered included general corrosion, localised corrosion (pitting) and stress corrosion cracking.This paper gives an overview of the more relevant experimental results, gathered over the past 25 years, of the Belgian programme in the field of container corrosion.

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