scholarly journals Ceramic Complex of the Neolithic Camp Ekidin 24

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
I. V. Shevnina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Iron Hydroxides ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Vessel Bottom ◽  
Technological Analysis

The camp Ekidin 24 is located in the southern part of the Turgai Depression (Northern Kazakhstan, Kostanay region). The monument was explored by the Turgai archeological expedition in the 1989 field season. The present research featured the ceramic complex of camp Ekidin 24. The research objective was to study technological aspects in the manufacture of ceramic vessels of the Ekidin potters. An important aspect of the work is the generalization of all currently known camp data. The ceramic collection of the Ekidin 24 camp consists of 48 fragments, including 6 fragments of the upper parts of vessels with a grooved neck, one fragment of a vessel bottom, and 38 fragments of vessel walls. All fragments of ceramics from the Ekidin 24 camp were subjected to a technical and technological analysis. The study employed petrographic analysis and binocular microscopy. The initial raw material of the Ekidin potters was iron clay (iron hydroxides, such as hematite and magnetite), or hydromica. A formula of molding mass was revealed: clay + organic (wool) + chamotte. The Ekidin 24 camp is the reference monument of the Mahanjar culture of the Turgai Depression. The age of Mahanjar finds is determined primarily on the analogies with early Neolithic monuments of the Central Asian interfluves as late 7,000 – 5,000 B.C. The obtained radiocarbon dates indicate 6,000 B.C. Mahanjar-like Ceramics are still  represented by single fragments outside the Turgai Depression and, as a rule, are not recognized by researchers as Mahanjar. We can confidently say that the Mahanjar culture is not an isolated phenomenon, and the identification of new Mahanjar sites in different regions of the steppe and forest-steppe Eurasia is only a matter of time.

scholarly journals Bracelet from an Elunino burial at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
I.A. Valkov
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Trace Analysis ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Bronze Age

The article studies a stone bead bracelet found in an Early Bronze Age burial of the Elunino archaeological culture during the excavation of the Teleut Vzvoz-I burial ground (heterogeneous in time) in the south of Western Siberia (Forest-Steppe Altai). According to a series of calibrated radiocarbon dates, the Elunino burial ground at the Teleut Vzvoz-I site was used in the 22nd–18th centuries BC. The artefact under study was found in double burial No. 16 of the indicated burial ground, on the wrist of an adult (gender is not established). The bracelet in-cludes 66 stone beads, as well as one stone base. This piece of jewellery is unique in terms of technique, as well as the sacral meaning embedded in it. The ornament found on the beads bears no analogies to those discovered in the well-known Bronze Age archaeological sites of Western and Eastern Siberia. The present publication con-siders the morphological and raw material characteristics of the bracelet, as well as the specifics of its production and use. In this study, trace analysis was performed, i.e. the analysis of macro- and micro-traces left on the sur-face of the item as a result of its production and subsequent use. All traces were examined using an MBS-10 stereoscopic microscope at a magnification of ×16–56. It was found that some of the beads in the bracelet were made of serpentinite. The nearest sources of this stone are at least 250–300 km away from Teleut Vzvoz-I. The beads are made by counter-drilling, drilling of blind holes, polishing and grinding. This find is unique due to orna-mental compositions found on several beads in the form of oblique notches on side faces. The extremely small size of the beads (average diameter of 3.3 mm; average thickness of 1.4 mm) makes the pattern invisible to the naked eye. Thus, it is concluded that the ornament had a sacred meaning, and the bracelet itself served as an amulet. Despite no finds of ornamented bracelets dating back to the Bronze Age in Western Siberia and adjacent territories, typologically the bracelet bears analogies to the antiquities of the Okunevo culture, the Yamna cultural and historical community, as well as in the materials of the Bronze Age archaeological site of Gonur Depe (Turk-menistan). The study of the bracelet demonstrates the relevance of performing trace analysis of such items from other archaeological sites.

scholarly journals Some results of petrographic studies of ceramics from the settlement Toksanbay

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Irina Victorovna Shevnina ◽  
Tatyana Nikolaevna Loshakova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Local Clay ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Microscopy Method ◽  
Oval Shape

The research is devoted to the studies of raw materials and molding masses of ceramic products from the settlement Toksanbay. The purpose of the research was to study the technological aspects taking place in the course of ceramic vessels production, as well as in-depth study of the raw materials and molding masses of pottery ceramics of the settlement. During the research of samples, in addition to petrographic analysis, fragments of ceramics were studied using the binocular microscopy method, chemical experiments were carried out (using a micromethod) with the use of ammonium molybdenum, hydrochloric acid, and microenacts were checked for iron in the composition of the crock. The received result revealed that as the raw material ferruginous clay was used, and the chemical reaction to Fe of all fragments turned out to be positive. The original clay contains sand, besides this, sand feldspars, fragments of sandstones, silicified schists and epidote are noted in the sand composition. Three recipes of molding masses were revealed. The organics is stated in the form of silicified voids. The composition of organic matter showed carbonate-siliceous or carbonate-phosphate. The microreaction analysis using ammonium molybdenum (МоН4)2АmО4 determined the presence of a phosphate type in organic samples. From the organic fillers, a part of the studied samples revealed hollows of round and oval shape from the burnt organics. The study of the pottery of the settlement will be continued but it can be argued that the Toksanbay potters used local clay, and the most common impurity was organogenic limestone.

scholarly journals Siliceous raw material consumption during the late Upper Palaeolithic in “El Pirulejo”, South of Iberia (Priego, Córdoba)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Cánovas Calle ◽  
María Dolores Simón Vallejo ◽  
Lydia Calle Román ◽  
Victoria Aranda Sanchez ◽  
Rubén Parrilla Giraldez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
First Results ◽  
Lithic Industry ◽  
Late Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Technological Analysis

This work presents the first results about the use of siliceous raw materials by the hunter-gatherer societies during the Late Glacial in the level 5 of El Pirulejo. El Pirulejo is located within the municipality of Priego de Córdoba (Córdoba, Spain).The archaeological level P/5 is classified as a Solutrean, according to the technological analysis of the lithic assemblage. The methodology used about the raw material is divided into four phases. During this first phase, we carried out a sampling analysis of local primary and secondary outcrops in the proximity of the site, over an area of 20 km from the site. We also performed a macroscopic and petrographic analysis of selected samples. In these phase, we describe the Veleta Formation, wich represents the main siliceous outcrop closest to the site. Once the local flint was characterized, it was compared to the lithic industry assemblage of level P/5, with the intention of observing the management and exploitation of local flint associated to knapping activities. As a result of the assemblage analysed so far, we have ruled out local operations on these chert samples and propose an area of exploitation of lithic resources that will exceed 20 kilometres around the site. We ruled out that the Veleta Formation provided a source of lithic supply for the hunter-gatherer societies. 

scholarly journals О НЕКОТОРЫХ АСПЕКТАХ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ РАННЕНЕОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ПОСУДЫ ЗАПАДНОЙ СИБИРИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-121
Author(s):  
V.A. Zakh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Waves ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Local Population ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Structural Parts

Issues of the origins and development of pottery are actualized through a study of new Early Neolithic forest-steppe and taiga sites in Western Siberia. The fl at-bottomed and roundbottomed Neolithic dishes found in Western Siberia are similar in shape and ornamentation. They seem to be a continuation of an earlier ceramic tradition that was introduced into the region. Based upon the radiocarbon dates, those dishes appeared in West Siberia within the 7th millennium BC. We adhere to the opinion that the local population borrowed ceramic production from migrants and believe that imitation of structural parts of birch bark containers in ceramic vessels was important for the formation of West Siberian pottery. For example, such sculptured elements as ledges, drips, and moldings on the outer and inner sides of the rims of ceramic vessels can be correlated to the bands on birch bark dishes and their fastening elements. In our opinion, sculptured elements on ceramic dishes gradually transformed into semantic elements: wavy lines (zigzags) on the drips on the inner side of the rim not only refer to a band attached to the vessel but apparently represent water (waves) as the contents of the vessel

THE PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF THE NEOLITHIC CERAMICS FROM THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION BASED ON THE PETROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 378-393
Author(s):  
К. М. Андреев ◽  
М. А. Кулькова ◽  
А. В. Сомов
Keyword(s):  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
Middle Volga

В работе представлены результаты петрографического анализа неолитической посуды Среднего Поволжья. Для изучения были отобраны 52 образца керамики елшанской и средневолжской культур с 11 памятников данного региона (рис. 1-4). Петрографический анализ керамики позволяет установить минералогический состав глин и отощителей, выявить рецептуру керамического теста, определить температуру и условия обжига, а также предположить возможные источники сырья. В результате проведенных исследований было установлено, что при изготовлении неолитической посуды существовала определенная региональная специфика. Полученные результаты не противоречат типологическим построениям исследователей, стратиграфическим наблюдениям и способствуют расширению понимания керамического производства в лесостепном Поволжье. The paper reports on the results of petrographic analysis of Neolithic vessels from the Middle Volga region. The analysis included 52 ceramic samples of the Elshanka and the Middle Volga cultures originating from 11 sites of this region (Fig. 1-4). Petrographic analysis of ceramics offers an opportunity to identify the mineralogical composition of clays and tempering materials, identify the formulation of ceramic paste, determine temperature and conditions of firing as well as suggest possible raw material deposits. Our studies have found that manufacturing of Neolithic vessels had some regional distinctive features. The results obtained are quite consistent with typological classifications of researchers, and stratigraphical observations, adding essentially to our understanding of ceramic production in the forest-steppe belt of the Volga region.

scholarly journals Ceramic Complex of the Early Iron Age Settlement of Allak 1

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
A.A. Kazakov ◽  
N.F. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Initial Settlement ◽  
Technological Analysis

The article deals with ceramic complex of the Early Iron Age settlement Allak 1. The authors have studied the design of corollas, ornaments, conducted technical and technological analysis and divided the complex into 2 groups. One of them relates to the Kamenskaya archaeological culture, the second to the group of ceramics of the second stage of the Novosibirsk version of the Kulaiskaya archaeological culture. The second group of ceramics is characterized by vessels with flat corollas cut inside, having small thickenings both on the outside and on the inside, decorated with elements of ornament not found on the ceramics of the Kamenskaya culture (the imprint of the corner of the spatula, etc.), making up ornamental compositions of several ornamental lines, which also have not been found on the Kamenskaya ceramics. Groups also differ by the source raw material. Finds of ceramics from the second group indicate the penetration of the Kulaiskaya culture population into the territory of the forest-steppe Altai. The obtained data supplemented the ideas about the initial settlement of the forest-steppe Altai by the Kulaiskaya culture tribes. Along with the migration wave of the population of the Sarovskii stage of the Kulaiskaya culture from the territory of the Tomsk Ob region, one can talk about quite intensive contacts with the population of the second stage of the Kulaiskaya culture of the Novosibirsk Ob region.

The importance of stock herding and dairying in the Neolithic Balkans and the subsistence diversity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Stojanovski ◽  
Ivana Živaljević ◽  
Vesna Dimitrijević ◽  
Julie Dunne ◽  
Richard Evershed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Dental Calculus ◽  
Isotopic Study ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
New Information ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Ceramic Vessels

The application of biomolecular techniques to archaeological materials from the Balkans is providing valuable new information on the prehistory of the region. This is especially relevant for the study of the neolithisation process in SE Europe, which gradually affected the rest of the continent. Here, to answer questions regarding diet and subsistence practices in early farming societies, we combine organic residue analyses of archaeological pottery, taxonomic and isotopic study of domestic animal remains and biomolecular analyses of human dental calculus. The results from the analyses of the lipid residues from pottery suggest that milk was processed in ceramic vessels. Dairy products were shown to be part of the subsistence strategies of the earliest Neolithic communities in the region but were of varying importance in different areas of the Balkan. On the other hand, we did not confidently detect any milk proteins within the dental calculus. The molecular and isotopic identification of meat, dairy, plants and beeswax in the pottery lipids also provided insights into the diversity of diet in these early Neolithic communities. We also present the first compound-specific radiocarbon dates for the region, obtained directly on absorbed organic residues extracted from pottery, identified as dairy lipids.

ASSESSMENT OF HONEYBEE DRONES BREED IN THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Annual Increase ◽  
Queen Bees ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Chuvash Republic ◽  
Regional Programs ◽  
Natural Honey

One of the most important aspects of endemic populations conservation of modern honeybee breeds of is study in the field of drones morphological features identification in the apiaries, as the assessment of Queen bees’ purity breed and the potential for recovery of the populations. In this regard, studies of the honeybee drones’ breed in the Chuvash Republic (Chuvashia) are relevant and have scientific and prac-tical value. The raw material was a sample collection of drones (126000 pcs. from 4200 of the bee fami-lies) from 21 districts, which are covering all natural honey gathering zones of the Chuvash Republic: forest-steppe, forest and steppe. Three characteristics are identified: colour of the hairs on a scale of Gotze, cubital index and the length of the proboscis. The binocular microscope MBS-10 was used in the work. In the process of research, biogenetic potential of the Chuvash population of Central Russian breed (Apis mellifera mellifera) is established, in the conditions of hybridization, with the observed trend of an annual increase. Five subpopulation structures or administrative districts (Morgaushsky, Kras-noarmeysky, Krasnochetaysky, Shumerlinsky and Batyrevsky) are registered, where, the territory of "pure" breeding is stored and gradually created thanks to the selection-breeding works. The obtained re-sults prove the effectiveness of implemented local and regional programs and activities of breeding and distribution of Central Russian breed bees in the Chuvash Republic.

scholarly journals The results of the study of the Algay site (2019) in the lower Volga Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-131
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Alekseevich Vybornov ◽  
Irina Nikolaevna Vasilyeva ◽  
Aleksey Valerievich Baratskov ◽  
Filat Faritovich Gilyazov ◽  
Pavel Andreevich Kosintsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Technological Analysis

The processes of Neolithization and Eneolithization are two of the most important in the study of the human prehistory. The territory of the Lower Volga is of particular importance. In the Neolithic period, one of the oldest ceramic traditions in Eastern Europe appears. In the Eneolithic, cultures with signs of a productive economy are recorded rather early here. A further study of these issues depends on a quality source base. Monuments of the Neolithic and Eneolithic in the Volga steppe are rare. Therefore, the study of the new site Algay is very relevant. Its importance increases due to the discovery of stratigraphic data in 2019: the Eneolithic and Neolithic layers are separated by relatively sterile layers. This allows us to establish reliable periodization. Features of the lower cultural layer allowed us to trace the process of its formation. The work was interdisciplinary. The results of the technical and technological analysis of ceramics revealed the characteristic features of the Neolithic and Eneolithic. Archaeozoological definitions established the species composition of animals in the Neolithic and Eneolithic. New radiocarbon dates provide a basis for determining the exact chronological framework of the Orlovskaya and Caspian cultures in this region. Among archaeological materials, rare artifacts have been discovered that testify to social stratification already in the Neolithic period.

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