scholarly journals Response of Two Grain Sorghum Genotypes Productivity to bio- and Mineral Fertilizers in Newly Reclaimed Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6-1) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Reclaimed Soil ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

scholarly journals Energy Assessment of Sorghum Cultivation in Southern Ukraine

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Oleg Bazaluk ◽  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Mykhailo Fedorchuk ◽  
Vitalii Nitsenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Global climate changes and fossil fuel reserve depletion are drivers for the search for environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. In Europe, biomass represents the main alternative to fossil fuels. Among energy crops, sorghum is a promising crop for arid regions. The biomass yield and energy efficiency of sorghum (both silage and grain) were studied based on field experiments conducted in Southern Ukraine. The following climate changes were identified: an increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation. The total energy inputs for sweet sorghum were estimated at 11.256 GJ/ha. The main contributors to the energy inputs are mineral fertilizers (56.99%). The experiment showed that a yield of 40.6 t/ha could be achieved with annual precipitation of 350 mm. The energy efficiency ratio was determined to be 11.18. The total energy inputs for grain sorghum was 16.081 GJ/ha. Its yield (grain) varied from 1.92 to 7.05 t/ha. The energy efficiency ratio of grain sorghum ranged from 2.8 to 16.7.

Selection of drought-resistant crops for South Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
V. V. Gamayunova ◽  
L. H. Khonenko ◽  
M. I. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Drought Resistant

The cultivation expediency of more drought-resistant crops, in particular sorghum, millet, false flax, safflower and others, instead of sunflower in the area of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is substantiated. This is, first of all, required by climate change both in Ukraine and in the world. Since 2004, researches of field crops were carried out in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Center of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. Soil phase is the southern chernozem with humus content in the 0–30 cm soil layer which consist of 2.96–3.21 %, with medium and high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium and low – mobile nitrogen. Experiments with soriz (Oksamyt hybrid) were conducted during 2004–2006, millet (Tavriiske, Kostantynivske, Skhidnevarieties) in 2008–2010, grain sorghum (Stepovyi 5 hybrid) in 2014–2016, safflower dye (Lahidnyi variety) in 2017–2019. The years of research differed significantly in temperature and even more in the amount of precipitation before sowing and during the growing season of crops. However, the weather conditions were typical of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established that all studied drought-resistant crops respond positively to nutrition optimization – the level of yield and quality of grain or seeds increases. It was found that the soriz productivity depending on the application of fertilizers and sowing dates increased by 37.6–39.2 %, millet –by 33.3–41.6 %, grain sorghum depending on the background of nutrition and growing conditions – by 8.2–33.2 %, dye safflower – by 11.1–64.6 %. It was determined that the optimization of nutrition of cultivated crops allows to increase their resistance to adverse conditions and productivity in the case of application of low doses of the mineral fertilizers before sowing, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and growth-regulating chemical application of plants on the main stages of the growing season. Key words: drought-resistant plants, climatic conditions, nutrition optimization, yield, crop quality, varieties, sowing dates.

scholarly journals Properties of degraded and reclaimed soils in the area of the abandoned “Jeziórko” sulfur mine (Poland)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Knap ◽  
Janina Kaniuczak ◽  
Edmund Hajduk ◽  
Adam Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Reclaimed Soil ◽  
Reclaimed Soils

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine some physicochemical and chemical properties of post-mining soils reclaimed in different directions, after completed sulfur exploitation by means of the borehole (Frash) method. The study was conducted in 2013 in the former Sulfur Mine „Jeziórko” located on the Tarnobrzeg Plain between Tarnobrzeg and Stalowa Wola cities (Podkarpackie Voivodeship, south Poland). It covered an area of land reclaimed as the arable or forest land. The most important problems connected with sulfur exploitation was the occurrence of a layer of solid sulfur which was previously removed. During the reclamation process, embankments and excavations were leveled through replenishing large amounts of ground, post-flotation lime, mineral fertilizers, and sewage sludge. Moreover, studies upon degraded and non-reclaimed area (by 2013) were also carried out. Examined land was characterized by granulometric composition of sands, loamy sands, and sandy loams. Re-leveling of degraded land using post-flotation lime contributed to lower levels of acidification of reclaimed soil surface. The highest contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen were found in the surface layers of the soils studied. Content of available potassium ranged from very low to average. The soils were characterized by a high content of available magnesium in the surface layers of the profiles (maximum 71.8 mg·kg−1 in soil reclaimed as forest land), while below the Mg content was usually low. Contents of individual exchangeable cations could be lined up in a following decreasing sequence: Ca2+>Na+>K+>Mg2+ Referring to the topsoil, reclaimed soils were characterized by more favorable properties (pH close to neutral, lower acidity, higher sorption capacity, higher organic carbon, total nitrogen, and available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium concentrations) as compared to non-reclaimed soil.

scholarly journals Phenotypic variability and correlation estimates for traits of Burkina Faso’ sweet grain sorghum genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-527
Author(s):  
N. Sawadogo ◽  
G. Naoura ◽  
M.H. Ouedraogo ◽  
M. Tonde ◽  
J. Tiendrebeogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

Sweet grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a neglected crop mainly grown for its sweet grains in the pasty form. Although its taste is the main character of interest, knowledge of protein related content of the grain, especially when linked to its value for infant porridge appears equally important. The objective of this study was to evaluate the status of crude protein content of pasty grains and to determine genetic correlations between morphological and biochemical traits among sweet grain of sorghum genotypes in Burkina Faso. Eight sweet grain sorghum cultivars (BTO2, BZI1, KBZ4, PBO5, PGO3, SBR7, SPI2, STO4) were evaluated through 13 morphological and two biochemical variables. Crude protein content of these genotypes was also compared with the composition of two controls of sweet stalk sorghum (ETS) and ordinary grain sorghum or common sorghum (EBS). The analysis of variance revealed variability within sweet grain sorghum accessions, mainly on the biochemical traits (crude protein and water content) and two morphological traits (peduncle and panicle lengths), which discriminated significantly in the thresholds of 1 and 5%, respectively. In addition, sweet grain sorghum had low crude protein content compared to other types of sorghum, except, two genotypes of sweet grain sorghum (BZI1 and STO4) which recorded higher protein content compared to the common sorghum. An important and negative correlation was noted between sowing-flowering cycle and protein content.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Stress on Yield, Its Components and Some Physiological Traits at Different Growth Stages in Grain Sorghum Genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Ali AZARINASRABAD ◽  
Seyyed Mohsen MOUSAVINIK ◽  
Mohammad GALAVI ◽  
Seyyed Alireza BEHESHTI ◽  
Alireza SIROUSMEHR
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Radiation Use

Investigation on yield improvement and development under drought condition using breeding techniques is difficult, due to the association with low heritability of specific traits. Even more, investigation of physiological indicators (stomatal conductance, chlorophyll index, relative water content, chlorophyll fluorescence, canopy temperature, radiation use efficiency, stay-green etc.) is of interest as they are more accessible, with a low cost, therefore these indicators of physiological traits can be used as good criteria in selecting valuable species. In order to evaluate the effects of water stress on grain yield, its components and some physiological traits of grain sorghum genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L.), a field experiment using split plot design with three replications was carried. The main plots included three water stress treatments: normal irrigation as control, halting irrigation at the stage of terminal leaf emergence and halting irrigation at the stage of 50% flowering. The sub-plots included 10 genotypes of sorghum (‘KGS29’, ‘MGS2’, ‘Sepideh’, ‘KGFS27’, ‘MGS5’, ‘KGFS5’, ‘KGFS17’, ‘KGFS13’ and ‘KGFS30’). Results showed that water stress significantly decreased grain yield and its components (1,000 seed weight, number of seed per panicle) and had various effects on physiological traits. The water stress increased canopy temperature and radiation use efficiency, while stomatal conductance, chlorophyll index (SPAD) and stay-green of genotypes were decreased; the maximum efficiency of photosystem II of photosynthesis remained unchanged between the treatments. Genotypes turned out to have significantly different responses to the drought treatments for all the studied traits, indicating the existence of a high variability among them. In general, physiological traits could be used as good indicators in water stress investigations and might provide comprehensive information as compared with morphological traits.

Response of Fifteen Grain Sorghum Genotypes to Water Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
M. S. Radwan ◽  
R. I. A. El-Zanaty ◽  
M. A. El-Nahrawy ◽  
M. Abbas Abed
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

Differences between two grain sorghum genotypes in adaptation to drought stress. III. Physiological responses

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
RCG Smith ◽  
JM Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Solute Accumulation ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Adaptation To Drought

A sorghum hybrid (E-57) giving a higher yield under rain-fed systems of production was studied to examine the physiological basis of this effect. A comparison was made with another hybrid (TX-671) with similar maturity. E-57 was able to maintain stomatal opening to a lower leaf water potential than TX-671 because of its greater capacity to osmoregulate. In E-57 osmotic potential declined due to active solute accumulation, thus maintaining turgor as leaf water potential declined to - 2.0 MPa. In contrast, TX- 671 could only maintain this adjustment to - 1.4 MPa. The differences in osmoregulation were associated with maintenance of leaf area, water extraction and possibly root growth by E-57. This indicated that osmoregulation enabled photosynthesis to continue and that a significant amount of the resultant assimilate may have been diverted to root growth.

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