Identification of Sarcocystis Species “Macrocystis" by Visual and Molecular Technique in Sheep and Goats -Sulaymaniyah Slaughterhouse. التعرف على أنواع السارکوسيست”Macrocystis” بالطريقة المرئية والجزيئية في الأغنام والماعز في مجزرة السليمانية .

Sarcocystosis is induced by species of Sarcocystis, which is an intracellular protozoan parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa. The diversity and importance of Sarcocystis species in sheep and goats in Saudi Arabia are poorly understood. In this study, the tongue, esophagus, heart, diaphragm, and skeletal muscles were collected from 230 sheep and 84 goats, and the tissues were examined for the presence of Sarcocystis species by macroscopic examination and light microscopy. Microscopic Sarcocystis species cysts were found in both sheep and goats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed S. tenella in sheep and S. capracanis in goats. Sarcocystis species were confirmed for the first time in Saudi Arabian sheep and goats by molecular testing. S. capracanis was most closely related to S. tenella, with the COX1 sequences sharing 91.7% identity. A phylogenetic analysis produced similar results and indicated that the Sarcocystis isolates were within a group of Sarcocystis species in which dogs were the final host. Finally, the Sarcocystis species cysts from sheep and goats could be grouped together, indicating that they were strongly related.

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Prevalence of Sarcocystis Species (Sarcocystis ovicanis and Sarcocystis capricanis) in Tongue Muscle of Sheep and Goats in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region, North Iraq

ARO-The Scientific Journal of Koya University ◽

10.14500/aro.10150 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 36-40

Author(s):

Ihsan Zangana ◽

◽

Shivan Hussein ◽

Keyword(s):

Sarcocystis Species ◽

Kurdistan Region ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Tongue Muscle ◽

North Iraq

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Ultrastructural and Molecular Characterization of Sarcocystis Species Derived from Macroscopic Sarcocysts of Domestic Sheep and Goats in Soran City, Erbil, Iraq

World s Veterinary Journal ◽

10.54203/scil.2020.wvj65 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 540-550

Author(s):

Sara Oma Swar ◽

Bushra Hussain Shnawa

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

18S Rrna ◽

18S Rrna Gene ◽

Domestic Sheep ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Sarcocystis Species ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Partial Analysis ◽

Characteristic Features

This study aimed to identify Sarcocystis species isolated from macroscopic sarcocysts from naturally infected domestic sheep and goats using the molecular method, as well as investigating the morphological and the ultrastructural characteristics of the isolated species. A total of 1000 esophagi were collected from sheep and goats and examined for the presence of sarcocysts. Macroscopic sarcocysts were isolated from the infected esophagi, and Sarcosystis species were identified molecularly by 18S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Moreover, the ultrastructure of the sarcocysts was investigated by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The macroscopic sarcocysts were detected in 9.1% (91/1000) of the esophagi. The results of electron microscopy indicated the characteristic features of the macroscopic sarcocysts. The cysts contained numerous merozoites and banana-shaped bradyzoites. The bradyzoites were characterized by possessing a double-membrane pellicle and consisted of a conoid in one of the apices, numerous micronemes, two rhoptries, as well as a long, convoluted mitochondrion, subterminal nucleus, and several amylopectin granules. The partial analysis of the 18S rRNA gene presented that all isolates produced bands of expected sizes on gel electrophoresis. The findings from the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the identified Sarcocystis species were most closely related to S. gigantea, S. moulei, and S. medusiformis. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time S. medusiformis has been recorded in goats. Goats and sheep can be proposed as alternative intermediate hosts for S. gigantea and S. moulei, respectively, cross-infection may also occur between them and the host specificity of these species of Sarcocystis is questionable.

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Molecular Characterization of Methicillin Resistant and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Burn Patients

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research ◽

10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 145-151

Author(s):

Shawnm Ahmed Aziz

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Vancomycin Resistance ◽

World Health ◽

Molecular Technique ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum

Antibiotic resistance has become a major world health challenge and has limited the ability of physician's treatment. Staphylococcus aureus the most notorious pathogens causes morbidity and mortality especially in burn patients. However, Staphylococcus aureus rapidly acquired resistance to multiple antibiotics. Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic remains a drug of choice for treatment of severe Methicillin Resistance S. aureus infections. This study aimed to detect the emergence of beta-lactam and glycopeptide resistance genes. 50 clinical specimens of S. aureus collected from burn patients in burn and plastic surgery units in Sulaimani-Iraq city. All specimens were confirmed to be positive for S. aureus. All the isolates were assessed for their susceptibility to different antibiotics depending on NCCL standards, followed by Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase detection by double disk diffusion synergy test. The production of β- lactamases was evaluated in the isolated strains by several routine methods and polymerase chain reaction. Among the isolates 94% were Methicillin resistance and 34.28% were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producer. PCR based molecular technique was done for the bla genes related to β- lactamase enzymes by the specific primers, as well as genes which related to reduced sensitivity to Vancomycin were detected. The results indicated that all isolated showed the PBP1, PBP2, PBP3, PBP4, trfA and trfB, graSR, vraS except the vraR gene and the prolonged therapy of Methicillin resistance infection with teicoplanin have been associated with progress of resistance and the rise of tecoplanin resistance may be a prologue to evolving Vancomycin resistance. In conclusion, beta-lactam over taking can rise Vancomycin- Intermediate S. aureus strains leading to appearance of Vancomycin resistance although the treatment of Vancomycin resistant infections is challenging.

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Forage palatability of Broussonetia papyrifera an invasive species in Ghana: Relative preference and palatability by sheep and goats

Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management ◽

10.26796/jenrm.v2i0.46 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Obour

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Block Design ◽

Wet Season ◽

Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Relative Preference ◽

Exotic Tree ◽

High Level

Broussonetia papyrifera is an exotic tree widely grown for paper production. Due to its prolific regeneration it has invaded forestcanopy gaps and degraded farmlands and has now become an invasive species in Ghana. In enhancing its value for use the plantwas evaluated as potential forage for grazing animals vis-à-vis other two existing forage plants: Ficus exasperata and Leucaenaleucocephala.The study assessed the palatability and preference of Broussonetia papyrifera using sheep and goats for the wet anddry seasons.The species were assessed in indoor pen feeding trials using eight-unit (3×3 m) pens with the cafeteria method.The amount of forage offered was 100g (fresh material) in all instances for each species and for ten minutes. Adesign basedon 3×2×2 factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to test the differences in palatability betweenthe three forage species.Results revealed that palatability was higher (P<0.05) in Leucaena leucocephala compared with Ficusexasperata and Broussonetia papyrifera for sheep and goats across seasons. The trend shown might be the result of the effectsof familiarity with the Leucaena leucocephala since animals tend to select plants that are familiar than newly introduced andunfamiliar plants. The study also revealed high level of condensed tannin (CT) in Broussonetia papyrifera which might haveinterfered with forage intake by the animals.There were no significant differences in palatability of Broussonetia papyrifera forgoat in both dry and wet season interactions and Ficus exasperata for goat in both dry and wet season interactions (P>0.05).Thestudy concluded that Broussonetia papyrifera could be a potential feed for both sheep and goats across seasons.The researchrecommended that livestock farmers should incorporate Broussonetia papyrifera feed into their programmes for both sheep andgoats and should be introduced to animals from infancy so that it may become a familiar feed for them.

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Official identification eartags for sheep and goats. Specification

10.3403/03289391 ◽

2005 ◽

Keyword(s):

Sheep And Goats

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Validity of a Serological Diagnostic Kit for SARS-CoV-2 Available in Iran

Archives of Iranian Medicine ◽

10.34172/aim.2020.75 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 629-632

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Shamsollahi ◽

Mostafa Amini ◽

Shaban Alizadeh ◽

Saharnaz Nedjat ◽

Ali Akbari-Sari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Effective Control ◽

Molecular Technique ◽

Size Estimation ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Standard Case ◽

Epidemic Size ◽

Low Sensitivity ◽

Negative Controls

Background: The Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic broke out in December 2019 and is now characterized as a pandemic. Effective control of this infectious disease requires access to diagnostic techniques, for both case finding and epidemic size estimation. The molecular technique is routinely used worldwide. Although it is the "standard" case detection and management method, it has its own shortcomings. Thus, some easy-to-use rapid serological tests have been developed. Methods: One hundred and fourteen positive RT-PCR-diagnosed patients were tested by VivaDiag Kit, a brand of rapid serological kits available in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran. Frozen serum specimens taken from healthy people in summer and fall 2019 were also tested as negative controls. Results: Test sensitivity was 47.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.8-56.9) for IgM and 47.0% (95% CI: 38.0–56.0) for IgG. There was no difference between IgG and IgM seropositivity except in one case. Specificity was calculated as 99.0% (95% CI: 96.4–99.9) for IgM and of 100.0% (95% CI: 0.98.2–100.0) for IgG. Sensitivity was higher in men and older participants. Conclusion: This test can be used for epidemiological investigations, especially for the estimation of the level of infection in the community, after it is properly corrected for sensitivity and specificity. The low sensitivity could be attributed to the technical limitations of the kit or low levels of antibodies after infection. The different sensitivity in age and sex groups supports the hypothesis that different people show different immune responses to this virus.

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