scholarly journals Management of Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) Infection in Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L) Using Biocontrol Agents and Essential Oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Azza Ghazi ◽  
Eman A. Attia ◽  
Nahed M. Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Pelargonium Graveolens

Evaluation of Bacillus spp. isolates as potential biocontrol agents against charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on common bean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolani de J. Bojórquez-Armenta ◽  
Guadalupe A. Mora-Romero ◽  
Melina López-Meyer ◽  
Ignacio E. Maldonado-Mendoza ◽  
Claudia Castro-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Bacillus Spp

scholarly journals Root Rot Disease Incited by Macrophomina phaseolina in Arid Legumes and their Management: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahabeer Singh ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
Shivam Maurya ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
A.K. Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Wide Range

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. is a soil- and seed-borne pathogen that causes charcoal rot and various rots and blights of more than 500 crop species. Dry root rot (DRR) also called as charcoal rot which causes yield loss ranged from 25-48 per cent. The pathogen is necrotroph and infects a wide range of crops. It is observed that mycelium of M. phaseolina in cotyledons, plumule and radicle, in the naturally infected seeds of mungbean and cowpea. The disease symptoms are clearly visible from the time of emergence and can be evaluated at various stages of development of the plant. The mechanical plugging of the xylem vessels by microsclerotia, toxin production, enzymatic action and mechanical pressure during penetration lead to disease development. Management of M. phaseolina aim to reduce the number of sclerotia in soil or to minimize the contact of the inoculum and the host. Soil solarization can be a cost-effective method for management of soil borne diseases. Disease suppression by biocontrol agents such as Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Bacillus subtilis are the sustained manifestation of interactions among the plant, the pathogen, the biocontrol agent, the microbial community on and around the plant and the physical environment and considerably inhibited growth of M. phaseolina. Essential oils and plant extracts contain a multitude of bioactive substances against fungi, bacteria and nematodes. It has been reported that neem oil, turmeric and garlic was effective against M. phaseolina in in vitro condition. Chemical control is an effective method when seed treatment and foliar spray of carbendazim, topsin M-70, captan, thiram, mancozeb, copper oxychloride against root rot and leaf blight (Macrophomina phaseolina) topsin M-70, captan, thiram, mancozeb, copper oxychloride against root rot (Macrophomina phaseolina). As non-chemical alternative methods can be time-consuming and less effective against soilborne plant pathogens. Chemical control is an effective method of controlling some soilborne diseases in agricultural crops. Varoius workers are reported compatibility of biocontrol agents with fungicides and found that Carbendazim and biocontrol agents Trichoderma viride, T. harizianum were found effective under in vitro and pot condition.

scholarly journals Toxin Production in Soybean (Glycine max L.) Plants with Charcoal Rot Disease and by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Fungus that Causes the Disease

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed K. Abbas ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
Cesare Accinelli ◽  
James R. Smith ◽  
W. Thomas Shier
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Rot Disease

Charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necrotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with charcoal rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14–6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with charcoal rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with charcoal rot disease in southern USA.

Phaseocyclopentenones A and B, Phytotoxic Penta- and Tetrasubstituted Cyclopentenones Produced by Macrophomina phaseolina, the Causal Agent of Charcoal Rot of Soybean in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Marco Masi ◽  
Francisco Sautua ◽  
Roukia Zatout ◽  
Stefany Castaldi ◽  
Lorenzo Arrico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Charcoal Rot

scholarly journals Progress of soybean charcoal rot under tillage and no-tillage systems in Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro M. R. Almeida ◽  
Lilian Amorim ◽  
Armando Bergamin Filho ◽  
Eleno Torres ◽  
José R. B. Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
No Till ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Conventional Systems

The increase in incidence of charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina on soybeans (Glycine max) was followed four seasons in conventional and no-till cropping systems. In the 1997/98 and 2000/01 seasons, total precipitation between sowing and harvest reached 876.3 and 846.9 mm, respectively. For these seasons, disease incidence did not differ significantly between the no-till and conventional systems. In 1998/99 and 1999/00 precipitation totaled 689.9 and 478.3 mm, respectively. In 1998/99, in the no-till system, the disease incidence was 43.7% and 53.1% in the conventional system. In 1999/00 the final incidence was 68.7% and 81.2% for the no-till and conventional systems, respectively. For these two seasons, precipitation was lower than that required for soybean crops (840 mm), and the averages of disease incidence were significantly higher in the conventional system. The concentration of microsclerotia in soil samples was higher in samples collected in conventional system at 0 - 10 cm depth. However, analysis of microsclerotia in roots showed that in years with adequate rain no difference was detected. In dry years, however, roots from plants developed under the conventional system had significantly more microsclerotia. Because of the wide host range of M. phaseolina and the long survival times of the microsclerotia, crop rotation would probably have little benefit in reducing charcoal rot. Under these study conditions it may be a better alternative to suppress charcoal rot by using the no-till cropping system to conserve soil moisture and reduce disease progress.

Reaction of Drought-Tolerant Soybean Genotypes to Macrophomina phaseolina

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wrather ◽  
J. G. Shannon ◽  
T. E. Carter ◽  
J. P. Bond ◽  
J. C. Rupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a common disease of many crops including common bean and soybean. Incidence and severity of charcoal rot are enhanced when plants are drought stressed. Resistance to this pathogen in some common bean genotypes was associated with drought tolerance. Resistance to M. phaseolina among soybean genotypes has not been identified, although a few have been rated moderately resistant based on less root tissue colonization by this pathogen compared to other genotypes. A few soybean genotypes have been rated as slow-wilt or drought-tolerant. The reaction of drought-tolerant soybean to M. phaseolina compared to intolerant or drought-sensitive genotypes has not been determined. Our objective was to determine if there were differences in root colonization by M. phaseolina between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive soybean genotypes. Drought tolerance of the soybean genotypes and root colonization by M. phaseolina at the R6 and R8 stages of growth were not related in this study. Some drought-tolerant soybean genotypes may resist root colonization by M. phaseolina, but our results suggest that this is not true for all drought-tolerant genotypes. Accepted for publication 21 March 2008. Published 18 June 2008.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization and Antidiabetic Activity of Essential Oils from Pelargonium graveolens Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Javed Ahamad ◽  
Subasini Uthirapathy
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pelargonium Graveolens

Pelargonium graveolens (Geranium) is a source of the finest quality of fragrance and its essential oils are used as antibacterial, and antifungal agents. The aim of the current research is to determine chemical constituents in the essential oil of P. graveolens by GC-MS and evaluate its antidiabetic activity via α-glucosidase inhibition assay. The chemical composition of P. graveolens essential oil was determined by GC/MS and its antidiabetic activity was assessed through inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme in in-vitro models. GC-MS analysis determines 36 chemical components in the essential oil of P. graveolens leaves, and citronellyl isovalerate (10.41 %), menthol (9.61 %), linalool (8.63 %), p-menthone (6.31 %), and geranyl tiglate (4.99 %) were recorded as major constituents. The essential oil of P. graveolens leaves showed concentration dependant inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme ranging from 28.13±1.41 to 74.24±2.53 µg/mL for concentration ranging from 31.25 to 1000 µg/mL. The IC50 values for of P. graveolens and acarbose were found as 93.72±4.76 and 80.4±2.17 µg/mL, respectively against the α-glucosidase enzyme. The study finding explores the chemical components of P. graveolens growing in the Iraqi Kurdistan region and scientifically supported its possible use in diabetic patients for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia.

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