Reaction of Drought-Tolerant Soybean Genotypes to Macrophomina phaseolina

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wrather ◽  
J. G. Shannon ◽  
T. E. Carter ◽  
J. P. Bond ◽  
J. C. Rupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is a common disease of many crops including common bean and soybean. Incidence and severity of charcoal rot are enhanced when plants are drought stressed. Resistance to this pathogen in some common bean genotypes was associated with drought tolerance. Resistance to M. phaseolina among soybean genotypes has not been identified, although a few have been rated moderately resistant based on less root tissue colonization by this pathogen compared to other genotypes. A few soybean genotypes have been rated as slow-wilt or drought-tolerant. The reaction of drought-tolerant soybean to M. phaseolina compared to intolerant or drought-sensitive genotypes has not been determined. Our objective was to determine if there were differences in root colonization by M. phaseolina between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive soybean genotypes. Drought tolerance of the soybean genotypes and root colonization by M. phaseolina at the R6 and R8 stages of growth were not related in this study. Some drought-tolerant soybean genotypes may resist root colonization by M. phaseolina, but our results suggest that this is not true for all drought-tolerant genotypes. Accepted for publication 21 March 2008. Published 18 June 2008.

Evaluation of Soybean Genotypes for Resistance to Charcoal Rot

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
P. A. Arelli ◽  
J. P. Bond ◽  
G. J. Shannon ◽  
A. J. Wrather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, significantly reduces yield in soybean more than most other diseases in the midsouthern United States. There are no commercial genotypes marketed as resistant to charcoal rot. Reactions of 27 maturity group (MG) III, 29 Early MG IV, 34 Late MG IV, and 59 MG V genotypes were evaluated for M. phaseolina between 2006 and 2008 in a non-irrigated, no-till field that had been artificially infested for three years. There was significant variation in root colonization among genotypes and years, indicating the value of screening genotypes over multiple years. Based on CFUI there was no genotype that was consistently immune to charcoal rot each year. However, there were a total of six genotypes (one genotype in MG III, one in Late MG IV, and four in MG V) that were identified as moderately resistant. Some of the commercial and public genotypes were resistant to M. phaseolina at levels equal to or greater than the standard DT97-4290, a moderately resistant cultivar. The genotypes identified as having moderate resistance across the three years could be useful as sources for developing resistant soybean genotypes. Accepted for publication 27 July 2011. Published 26 September 2011.

scholarly journals Soybean-Macrophomina phaseolina-Specific Interactions and Identification of a Novel Source of Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastián Reznikov ◽  
María A. Chiesa ◽  
Esteban M. Pardo ◽  
Vicente De Lisi ◽  
Noelia Bogado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Pathogenic Diversity

Charcoal rot, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, is an economically important disease of soybean (Glycine max) worldwide. Objectives of the present research were to (i) study the genetic and pathogenic diversity in a collection of M. phaseolina isolates from Argentina and Paraguay and (ii) develop an improved in vitro phenotyping method to evaluate disease response of soybean genotypes to M. phaseolina isolates. Cluster analysis showed no clear association among simple sequence repeat profiles, year of collection, pathogenicity, and geographical origin of the isolates from Argentina and Paraguay. Subsequently, the response of four soybean genotypes against seven M. phaseolina isolates was evaluated in the field and the results were confirmed using the in vitro assay developed. This assay, which is based on root disease development on soybean seedlings, allowed the detection of a differential level of aggressiveness among the isolates on four soybean genotypes. The results suggest the existence of specific interactions among soybean genotypes and M. phaseolina isolates. In addition, cultivar Munasqa RR showed a superior response against M. phaseolina compared with DT 97-4290 (moderately resistant), thus becoming a novel source of resistance to charcoal rot.

scholarly journals Genome-wide transcriptional changes triggered by water deficit on a drought-tolerant common bean cultivar

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefat Gregorio Jorge ◽  
Miguel Angel Villalobos-López ◽  
Karen Lizeth Chavarría-Alvarado ◽  
Selma Ríos-Meléndez ◽  
Melina López-Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cell Periphery ◽  
Enriched Categories ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Abstract Background Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a relevant crop cultivated over the world, largely in water insufficiency vulnerable areas. Since drought is the main environmental factor restraining worldwide crop production, efforts have been invested to amend drought tolerance in commercial common bean varieties. However, scarce molecular data are available for those cultivars of P. vulgaris with drought tolerance attributes. Results As a first approach, Pinto Saltillo (PS), Azufrado Higuera (AH), and Negro Jamapa Plus (NP) were assessed phenotypically and physiologically to determine the outcome in response to drought on these common bean cultivars. Based on this, a Next-generation sequencing approach was applied to PS, which was the most drought-tolerant cultivar to determine the molecular changes at the transcriptional level. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed that numerous PS genes are dynamically modulated by drought. In brief, 1005 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, from which 645 genes were up-regulated by drought stress, whereas 360 genes were down-regulated. Further analysis showed that the enriched categories of the up-regulated genes in response to drought fit to processes related to carbohydrate metabolism (polysaccharide metabolic processes), particularly genes encoding proteins located within the cell periphery (cell wall dynamics). In the case of down-regulated genes, heat shock-responsive genes, mainly associated with protein folding, chloroplast, and oxidation-reduction processes were identified. Conclusions Our findings suggest that secondary cell wall (SCW) properties contribute to P. vulgaris L. drought tolerance through alleviation or mitigation of drought-induced osmotic disturbances, making cultivars more adaptable to such stress. Altogether, the knowledge derived from this study is significant for a forthcoming understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in drought tolerance on common bean, especially for drought-tolerant cultivars such as PS.

scholarly journals Identification and Validation of Genomic Regions Associated With Charcoal Rot Resistance in Tropical Maize by Genome-Wide Association and Linkage Mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerka Rashid ◽  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Veerendra Babu ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Singh ◽  
Sharanappa I. Harlapur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Chromosome 6 ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Mapping Populations

Charcoal rot is a post-flowering stalk rot (PFSR) disease of maize caused by the fungal pathogen, Macrophomina phaseolina. It is a serious concern for smallholder maize cultivation, due to significant yield loss and plant lodging at harvest, and this disease is expected to surge with climate change effects like drought and high soil temperature. For identification and validation of genomic variants associated with charcoal rot resistance, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on CIMMYT Asia association mapping panel comprising 396 tropical-adapted lines, especially to Asian environments. The panel was phenotyped for disease severity across two locations with high disease prevalence in India. A subset of 296,497 high-quality SNPs filtered from genotyping by sequencing was correcting for population structure and kinship matrices for single locus mixed linear model (MLM) of GWAS analysis. A total of 19 SNPs were identified to be associated with charcoal rot resistance with P-value ranging from 5.88 × 10−06 to 4.80 × 10−05. Haplotype regression analysis identified 21 significant haplotypes for the trait with Bonferroni corrected P ≤ 0.05. For validating the associated variants and identifying novel QTLs, QTL mapping was conducted using two F2:3 populations. Two QTLs with overlapping physical intervals, qMSR6 and qFMSR6 on chromosome 6, identified from two different mapping populations and contributed by two different resistant parents, were co-located with the SNPs and haplotypes identified at 103.51 Mb on chromosome 6. Similarly, several SNPs/haplotypes identified on chromosomes 3, 6 and 8 were also found to be physically co-located within QTL intervals detected in one of the two mapping populations. The study also noted that several SNPs/haplotypes for resistance to charcoal rot were located within physical intervals of previously reported QTLs for Gibberella stalk rot resistance, which opens up a new possibility for common disease resistance mechanisms for multiple stalk rots.

scholarly journals Validation of Drought Tolerance Gene-linked Microsatellite Markers and Their Efficiency for Diversity Assessment in a Set of Soybean Genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Nishi Mishra ◽  
M. K. Tripathi ◽  
Niraj Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Molecular Screening ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Tolerance Gene

Aim: Soybean is well-thought-out to be a major crop owing to its significant involvement as vegetable oil and protein in human diet. However, inopportunely, its production has been melodramatically declined attributable to the commonness of drought related stress. Study Design: During the present study a total of 53 soybean genotypes were selected. For molecular diversity analysis as well as validation total 12 SSR markers were used. Molecular screening of soybean genotypes was done to determine the efficiency of available markers in genetic diversity analysis as well as their validation on the basis of their association with drought tolerance gene. Place and Duration of the Study: The present study was conducted at Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Gwalior, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, M.P., India during the year 2018 - 2019. Methodology: Template DNA of all 53 selected soybean genotypes extracted for molecular screening. The current investigation has been accomplished to validate the available SSR markers with their efficiency in genetic diversity analysis in a set of soybean genotypes. Results: Among applied drought tolerance gene-linked 12 SSR molecular markers, the highest genetic diversity (0.6629) was noticed in Satt520 while lowest (0.0370) was in Satt557 with an average of 0. 3746.While, the highest PIC value was 0.5887 prearranged by Satt520 and lowest 0.0363 by Satt557 with the mean worth of 0.3063. Conclusion: Dendrogram constructed on the basis of banding profile of employed markers was able to discriminate some putative drought tolerant genotypes i.e., JS97-52, JS95-60 from rest of the genotypes. The results of the present examination may donate towards enhancement of soybean genotypes to bread drought tolerant varieties.

scholarly journals Effect of charcoal rot on selected putative drought tolerant soybean genotypes and yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemu Mengistu ◽  
Jeffery D. Ray ◽  
James R. Smith ◽  
Prakash R. Arelli ◽  
Nacer Bellaloui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

scholarly journals Effect of Water Deficit on Morphoagronomic and Physiological Traits of Common Bean Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Leonardo Godoy Androcioli ◽  
Douglas Mariani Zeffa ◽  
Daniel Soares Alves ◽  
Juarez Pires Tomaz ◽  
Vânia Moda-Cirino
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Influence Of Water

Water deficit is considered one of the most limiting factors of the common bean. Understanding the adaptation mechanisms of the crop to this stress is fundamental for the development of drought-tolerant cultivars. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the influence of water deficit on physiological and morphoagronomic traits of common bean genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance, aiming to identify mechanisms associated with tolerance to water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, arranged in a randomized complete block 4 × 2 factorial design, consisting of four common bean genotypes under two water regimes (with and without water stress), with six replications. The morphoagronomic and physiological traits of four cultivars, two drought-tolerant (IAPAR 81 and BAT 477) and two drought-sensitive (IAC Tybatã and BRS Pontal), were measured for 0, 4, 8, and 12 days, under water deficit, initiated in the phenological stage R5. Water-deficit induced physiological changes in the plants, altering the evaluated morphoagronomic traits. The drought tolerance of cultivar BAT 477 is not only a direct result of the low influence of water deficit on its yield components, but also a consequence of the participation of multiple adaptive physiological mechanisms, such as higher intrinsic water use efficiency, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration, carboxylation efficiency, stomatal conductance, and intracellular concentration of CO2 under water deficit conditions. On the other hand, cultivar IAPAR 81 can be considered drought-tolerant for short water-deficit periods only, since after the eighth day of water deficit, the physiological activities decline drastically.

Soybean seed composition in cultivars differing in resistance to charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)

2008 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. BELLALOUI ◽  
A. MENGISTU ◽  
R. L. PARIS
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Seed Composition ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Oleic Acid Concentration ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Moderately Resistant

SUMMARYSeed composition in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] has not been well investigated under charcoal rot infestation under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. The objective of the present experiment was to assess seed composition and nitrogen fixation under these conditions. No significant differences in protein levels in the moderately resistant germplasm line DT97-4290 were observed under these conditions. Under irrigation, protein concentration was significantly (P⩽0·05) higher for the susceptible cultivars Egyptian and Pharaoh under non-infested than infested conditions. The opposite response for protein was observed under non-irrigated conditions for Pharaoh. Oleic acid concentration was significantly (P⩽0·001) higher in susceptible cultivars under infested conditions. The concentration of linolenic acid in susceptible cultivars was significantly lower under infested conditions. The enrichment of Delta 15N in susceptible cultivars under infested conditions indicated that nitrogen fixation was substantially inhibited, but soil nitrogen was used for compensating for atmospheric nitrogen inhibition. These results indicate that charcoal rot infection may alter seed composition and nitrogen fixation in soybean. The alteration in seed composition depended on cultivar susceptibility to charcoal rot and irrigation management.

scholarly journals Field Efficacy of Priming Agents to Enhance Physiological Parameters of Sunflower Under Stress From Charcoal Rot (M. Phaseolina)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar ◽  
Misbah Iqbal Iqbal Qamar ◽  
Amer Habib ◽  
Muhammad Fahim Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid.) can cause significant yield losses in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) throughout the world. Fungicide treatments are often used to manage this pathogen, but due to costs and environmental impacts, alternative methods need to be explored. Priming is an adaptive strategy which enables plant defense systems to react more effectively to pathogen attack. The priming phase in plants can be achieved by stimuli from chemicals, beneficial microbes, arthropods, and abiotic stress which can induce defense systems in plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different priming agents such as salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (AA), gibberellic acid (GA), and jasmonic acid (JA), as either seed or foliar treatments, on charcoal rot on the sunflower. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in two consecutive years (2017-2018). Ten seed of one susceptible (17577) and two moderately resistant (HA-259 and B-224) sunflower cultivars were treated with 2, 4 and 6 mM concentrations of the individual priming agents.. The plants were artificially inoculated with M. phaseolina before sowing by infesting soil, and sixty days after sowing. A number of yield parameters were quantified [head diameter (cm), 100-seed weight (g), achene per head (number), plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), shoot weight (g), root wet and dry weight (g) and chlorophyll content (mg/g)]. Among the priming agents evaluated, AA exhibited a significant impact on all yield parameters at a higher concentration (6 mM) in both susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, followed by SA, GA, and JA. The results also revealed that seed treatment priming was more effective than foliar priming. There were statistical differences in yield parameters between both years of the study. The AA seed priming treatment showed the most promise for managing charcoal rot of sunflower. The outcome of this study will help to explore an environmentally sound and economically feasible approach for the management of charcoal rot to get sustainability in edible oil production.

Morphological and Physiological Performance of Indian Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Genotypes in Respect to Drought 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishi Mishra ◽  
M.K. Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
Niraj Tripathi ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Background: Soybean is a key crop that grants an imperative supply of oils and proteins to humans and animals; however, its productivity spectacularly diminished owing to the occurrence of drought stress. Methods: The present investigation was executed during Kharif 2018-2019 to recognize drought tolerant genotypes on the basis of an array of morpho-physiological traits. Morpho-physiological analysis among 53 genotypes divulged the existence of drought tolerance capability in studied genotypes.Result: On the basis of current findings, it can be concluded that drought stress retards the growth and metabolic activity of soybean genotypes. These parameters showed considerable amount of variability under drought stress at different growth stages in soybean. Among 53 soybean genotypes, four genotypes viz., JS97-52, AMS 2014-1, RVS-14 and NRC-147 was found to be drought tolerant.

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