Effect of traditional sources of Zn and ZnO-nano-particles foliar application on productivity and P-uptake of maize plants grown on sandy and clay loam soils

Tannery wastewater mainly comes from leather industries. It has high organic load, high salinity, and many other pollutants, including chromium (Cr). Tannery wastewater is generally used for crop irrigation in some areas of Pakistan and worldwide, due to the low availability of good quality of irrigation water. As tannery wastewater has many nutrients in it, its lower concentration benefits the plant growth, but at a higher concentration, it damages the plants. Chromium in tannery wastewater accumulates in plants, and causes stress at physiological and biochemical levels. In recent times, the role of micronutrient-amino acid chelated compounds has been found to be helpful in reducing abiotic stress in plants. In our present study, we used lysine chelated zinc (Zn-lys) as foliar application on maize (Zea mays L.), growing in different concentrations of tannery wastewater. Zinc (Zn) is required by plants for growth, and lysine is an essential amino acid. Maize plants were grown in tannery wastewater in four concentrations (0, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and Zn-lys was applied as a foliar spray in three concentrations (0 mM, 12.5 mM, and 25 mM) during plant growth. Plants were cautiously harvested right after 6 weeks of treatment. Foliar spray of Zn-lys on maize increased the biomass and improved the plant growth. Photosynthetic pigments such as total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and contents of carotenoids also increased with Zn-lys application. In contrast to control plants, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents were increased up to 12%, 50%, and 68% in leaves, as well as 16%, 51% and 89% in roots at 25%, 50%, and 100% tannery water application, respectively, without Zn-lys treatments. Zn-lys significantly reduced the damages caused by oxidative stress in maize plant by decreasing the overproduction of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in maize that were produced, due to the application of high amount of tannery wastewater alone. The total free amino acids and soluble protein decreased by 10%, 31% and 64% and 18%, 61% and 122% at 25%, 50% and 100% tannery water treatment. Zn-lys application increased the amino acids production and antioxidant activities in maize plants. Zn contents increased, and Cr contents decreased, in different parts of plants with Zn-lys application. Overall, a high concentration of tannery wastewater adversely affected the plant growth, but the supplementation of Zn-lys assertively affected the plant growth and enhanced the nutritional quality, by enhancing Zn and decreasing Cr levels in plants simultaneously irrigated with tannery wastewater.

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Chitosan application in the induction of water deficit tolerance in maize plants

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42463 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e42463

Author(s):

Lorena Gabriela Almeida ◽

Paulo César Magalhães ◽

Décio Karam ◽

Eder Marcos da Silva ◽

Amauri Alves Alvarenga

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Biophysical Parameters ◽

Relative Water ◽

Maize Plants

The present research seeks to elucidate the feasibility of chitosan (CHT) in the induction of water deficit tolerance in different maize hybrids, contrasting tolerance to water restriction, tolerance and sensitivity. The maize plants were subjected to water deficit and foliar application of different chitosan doses (60, 100, 140, and 180 mg L-1) at the pre-flowering growth stage and evaluated during the stress period of fifteen days. To understand the induction behaviour of the tolerance to water restriction, biophysical parameters, such as water potential, relative water content and chlorophyll content, gas exchange, and biochemical assays, were quantified based on the activity of SOD, CAT, APX, and PAL antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation activity and hydrogen peroxide content. Among the treatments, maize plants subjected to chitosan foliar application at a dose of 140 mg L-1 presented similar behavioural responses to plants under favourable irrigation conditions. Such positive responses are related to the high degree of activity of antioxidant enzymes, gas exchange and low levels of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide. The results support the potential use of CHT to increase tolerance to water stress.

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Rapid Induction of Ion Pulses in Tomato, Cucumber, and Maize Plants following a Foliar Application of L(+)-Adenosine

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.101.1.49 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 49-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. Ries ◽

S. Savithiry ◽

V. Wert ◽

I. Widders

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Rapid Induction ◽

Maize Plants

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Bioregulators protected the leaf anatomy and photosynthetic machinery under water deficit stress in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0iof.4479 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

V. K. Meena ◽

Pramod Kumar ◽

Jasvir Singh

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulators ◽

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Foliar Application ◽

P Uptake ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Total N ◽

Cicer Arietinum L ◽

Photosynthetic Machinery ◽

Gum Content

A field experiment was conducted during the season kharif 2008 and 2009 to find out response of cluster bean varieties to growth regulators. RGC-936 recorded in significantly higher amount of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) uptake and protein content during both the years over RGC-1017, RGC-1003 and RGC-1002. Seed + foliar application with thiourea @ 500 ppm recorded maximum total N and P uptake. Quality parameters viz. gum and protein in seed, were found highest in cultivar RGC 1017 which was at par with RGC-1002 and RGC-1003 and all these three varieties were significantly superior over RGC 936. Variety RGC-1017 recorded 15.3% higher gum content over RGC-936. Among the growth regulators. maximum gum content in seed were recorded with the seed + foliar application of thiourea @ 500 ppm. However, it was found statistically at par with the seed + foliar application of TGA @ 100 ppm and significantly superior to rest of the treatments in current study.

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Low effectiveness of three rock phosphates as phosphorus fertilizers and liming materials on an acid clay-loam

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9871033 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

JS Yeates ◽

DG Allen

Keyword(s):

Soil Ph ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

P Uptake ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Agronomic Effectiveness ◽

Rock Phosphates ◽

Extractable P ◽

Soil Buffering

The effectiveness of three finely ground rock phosphates (PRs) was compared with ordinary superphosphate (OSP) for subterranean clover growth and for increasing soil bicarbonate-extractable P levels over two successive 8-week periods on a very acid clay-loam (pH (0.01 M CaCl2) 4.3) in a glasshouse experiment. All PR sources were poorly effective compared to OSP. Maximum dry matter and P uptake of each PR source was less than that of OSP at each harvest. Relative to surface application, mixing throughout the soil reduced the effectiveness of OSP for dry matter and P uptake, but had little effect on the PR sources. Relative to OSP, the effectiveness of PR sources did not increase at the second harvest. Bicarbonate-extractable P levels for soil-incorporated Island PR plateaued below the highest rate applied. Phosphorus uptake by the herbage at harvests 1 and 2 was not well related to soil bicarbonateextractable P levels at harvest 1, and source dependency was indicated. Soil pH was markedly increased by each of PR sources at application rates within the rates required to reach maximum dry matter and P yield. Increased soil pH at high PR applications is likely to have reduced PR dissolution, and contributed to low agronomic effectiveness. Dry matter yield at both harvests was dependent on P concentration in the tops, regardless of the P source or method of P application. A higher soil buffering capacity for pH, P or Ca than was present in this soil seems necessary for sufficient PR dissolution to achieve the same agronomic effectiveness as OSP.

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Effect of Sources, Split and Foliar Application of KCl and KClO3 on Availability and Uptake of Phosphorus in Aerobic Rice

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i1030467 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

P. Anji Babu ◽

K. Omar Hattab ◽

L. Aruna ◽

R. Mohan

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

P Uptake ◽

Available P ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Aerobic Rice ◽

Randomized Block Design

Aim: To investigate the effect of KCl and KClO3 as sources of potassium in aerobic rice with four types of split doses and two levels of foliar applications of potassium. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry. Methodology : The rice variety PMK 4 was tested with two sources of potassium viz., Potassium chloride (KCl) and Potassium chlorate (KClO3), four types of split application viz., K control (S1), basal with no split (S2), two splits (S3) and three splits (S4) along with foliar application treatments viz., no foliar (F1) and foliar spray (F2). Results: The results of a field experiment revealed that the two splits of potassium increased the available P at the active tillering stage and harvest stage. Whereas, three splits increased the available P at panicle imitation and flowering stage. The KCl recorded higher available P at panicle initiation and harvest stages. The high phosphorus uptake was recorded in panicle initiation and flowering stages by three splits application of potassium. In grain also, especially the three splits through KClO3 recorded higher P uptake. Conclusion: The split applications tested in this investigation influenced the available phosphorus status in soil and phosphorus uptake. Increase in splits of potassium increased the P uptake. This result is in agreement with the results of Mitra et al. [1] who observed a significant increase in the uptake of N, P, K and S by increased level of K in Kharif rice.

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Phosphorus in Aeolian desert dust deposits can be captured, dissolved, and absorbed by plant leaves

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3071 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ran Erel ◽

Sudeep Tiwari ◽

Ilana Shtein ◽

Avner Gross

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

P Uptake ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Soil P ◽

Desert Dust ◽

P Limitation ◽

Uptake Pathway ◽

Root Responses ◽

P Cycle

<p>Phosphorus (P) limitation is prevalent around the world,<sup></sup>primarily because most soil P have low bioavailability. In P poor ecosystems, deposition of P-rich desert dust is recognized as a major component of the P cycle. The acknowledged paradigm is that plants acquire P deposited in soil primarily via their roots. We tested whether, and to what extent, plants acquire P directly from dust deposited on their leaves and what are the underlining uptake mechanisms of insoluble P. P-rich dust was applied to P sufficient and P deficient chickpea, maize and wheat plants and was compared to plants which received inert silica powder. Foliar application of dust doubled the growth of P stressed chickpea and wheat, two crops originating near the Syrian Desert. P deficiency enhanced the acquisition of insoluble P through series of leaf modifications that increased foliar dust capture, acidified the leaf surface and, in chickpea, enhanced exudation of P-solubilizing organic acids. In in-situ trials, we demonstrated that the modifications of leaf pH and exudation of oxalic and malic acids substantially promoted P solubilisation from dust.&#160; Foliar responses did not occur in maize and in P sufficient plants which displayed only a marginal response to dust. Our results demonstrate that foliar uptake of P from dust can be an alternative P acquisition pathway in P-deficient plants. Interestingly, the abovementioned foliar responses are comparable to known P uptake root responses. Given that P limitation is almost universal, foliar P uptake pathway will have significant ecological and agricultural implications.</p>

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Response of Winter Wheat Grain Yield and Phosphorus Uptake to Foliar Phosphite Fertilization

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2014/801626 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Muaid S. Ali ◽

Apurba Sutradhar ◽

Ma Lourdes Edano ◽

Jeffrey T. Edwards ◽

Kefyalew Girma

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Field Trials ◽

P Uptake ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

P Concentration ◽

Two Stages

One of the major problems that potentially hinders the use of foliar fertilization as a tool to improve nutrient use efficiency is the lack of effective formulations. A phosphite based product, Nutri-phite (3% N, 8.7% P, and 5.8% K) was used as model phosphite formulation for foliar application in winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL). Five field trials were established in the fall of 2009 and 2010 at Perkins, Perry, and Morrison, OK. Treatments encompassed the application of nitrogen (N) at 100 or 75% of crop need and phosphorus at 100 (P 100%) and 80% (P 80%) sufficiency with and without Nutri-phite. Nutri-phite was applied at one and/or two stages of wheat; GS 13 to 14 and GS 49 to 53 at the rate of 433 and 148 g ha−1P and N, respectively. Grain yield was increased by Nutri-phite treatments, especially at Morrison. Grain P concentration of plots treated with two applications of Nutri-phite ranged from 13 to 55% more than the nontreated and standard NP received plots at Perkins in 2009/10 and Perry in 2010/11. Grain P uptake was increased due to application of Nutri-phite at Perkins in 2009/10 and Morrison and Perry in 2010/11. Combined over three year-locations, Nutri-phite increased grain P concentration by 11.6%. The higher grain P concentration of plots treated with Nutri-phite compared to the other treatments clearly demonstrates its potential in improving P status of wheat grain.

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The application of radio-isotope techniques to fertiliser placement studies in oilpalm cultivation.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v7i2.17681 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 95-109

Author(s):

H. Broeshart

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

P Uptake ◽

Isotope Techniques ◽

Crown Diameter ◽

Total Uptake ◽

Surface Application ◽

Optimal Distance

Pot experiments using Ca(H2PO4)2 labelled with Ca45 and P32 showed the content of these nutrients to be highest in the younger leaves and the uptake to be higher from surface application than from placement to 10-20 cm. Field experiments in nurseries and young and adult plantations indicated that the optimal distance of fertilizer application is close to the stem inside the crown diameter of 1-year-old palms, close to the stem or at crown diameter of 2-year-old palms, and at the crown diameter of 3-4-year-old palms; there was no optimal distance for older plantations, though application close to the stem inside the clean-weeded ring was the least favourable. Foliar application resulted in rapid uptake of P, but in less total uptake than from soil applications; difference in the solubility of phosphate had very little effect on P uptake. Since dry periods considerably decrease the P uptake in nurseries and 1-2-year-old plantations, fertilizers to young palms should preferably be applied during the rainy season. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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