scholarly journals Innovative Ways to Promote Children’s Mental Health: Developing Accessible and Sustainable School Mental Health Services in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 565-567
Author(s):  
Nazish Imran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
School Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Young Population ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health Organization

According to World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10-15% of children and adolescents worldwide suffer from mental health problems.(1) The WHO also highlights that “Lack of attention to mental health of children & adolescents may lead to mental disorders with lifelong consequences, undermines compliance with health regimens and reduces the capacity of societies to be safe and productive”. (2) More than half of all mental disorders have an onset in childhood and adolescence with suicide being the third leading cause of death among adolescents. (1), (3) Child & adolescent mental health thus needs to be considered & emphasized as an integral component of overall health & growth of young population. Youth with positive mental health have positive self-efficacy beliefs, are productive and able to tackle developmental challenges adequately.

The scale of the problem

Psychiatry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

One in four individuals suffer from a psychiatric disorder at some point in their life, with 15– 20 per cent fitting cri­teria for a mental disorder at any given time. The latter corresponds to around 450 million people worldwide, placing mental disorders as one of the leading causes of global morbidity. Mental health problems represent five of the ten leading causes of disability worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in mid 2016 that ‘the global cost of mental illness is £651 billion per year’, stating that the equivalent of 50 million working years was being lost annually due to mental disorders. The financial global impact is clearly vast, but on a smaller scale, the social and psychological impacts of having a mental dis­order on yourself or your family are greater still. It is often difficult for the general public and clin­icians outside psychiatry to think of mental health dis­orders as ‘diseases’ because it is harder to pinpoint a specific pathological cause for them. When confronted with this view, it is helpful to consider that most of medicine was actually founded on this basis. For ex­ample, although medicine has been a profession for the past 2500 years, it was only in the late 1980s that Helicobacter pylori was linked to gastric/ duodenal ul­cers and gastric carcinoma, or more recently still that the BRCA genes were found to be a cause of breast cancer. Still much of clinical medicine treats a patient’s symptoms rather than objective abnormalities. The WHO has given the following definition of mental health:… Mental health is defined as a state of well- being in which every individual realizes his or her own po­tential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.… This is a helpful definition, because it clearly defines a mental disorder as a condition that disrupts this state in any way, and sets clear goals of treatment for the clinician. It identifies the fact that a disruption of an individual’s mental health impacts negatively not only upon their enjoyment and ability to cope with life, but also upon that of the wider community.

scholarly journals Frecuencia de desórdenes mentales en adultos mayores residentes en una institución de asistencia social en la Ciudad de México

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis López Jiménez ◽  
Guadalupe Barrios Salinas ◽  
Blanca Estela López Salgado ◽  
María Patricia Martínez Medina ◽  
Laura Angélica Bazaldúa Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Health Organization

Resumen: Antecedentes: La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha informado que en los adultos mayores se incrementará y agravará la magnitud de los problemas de salud mental, lo que estará relacionado al incremento de su expectativa de vida y al aumento de las personas que alcanzarán edades avanzadas. Objetivos: Identificar y estimar la frecuencia de desórdenes mentales en adultos mayores. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario que incluía variables sociodemográficas y la Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional (M.I.N.I.). Población de estudio de 60 años y más, residentes en una Institución de Asistencia Social de la Ciudad de México. La muestra se seleccionó aleatoria y sistemáticamente, eligiendo una de cada cuatro. Participó personal previamente capacitado tanto en la metodología como en los procedimientos y aplicación del instrumento. Resultados: De la población de estudio, se obtuvo una muestra ponderada de 80 entrevistas completas (67%). En su mayoría fueron femeninos y viudas, con una media de edad de 80 años y 5 de escolaridad. Encontramos ausencia en el 30%; en un 40% sólo se reportó sintomatología y en el 30% restante se cubrieron diagnósticos psiquiátricos. Conclusiones: La salud mental y los desórdenes psiquiátricos han sido escasamente conocidos y estudiados en esta población. La entrevista MINI permitió identificar y estimar la frecuencia de síntomas y diagnósticos de desórdenes mentales. Nuestra estimación (30%) fue similar a la reportada en otro estudio (29.7%). La prevención, identificación, detección e intervención oportuna a los problemas de salud mental adquieren gran importancia en este contexto. Palabras clabe: Adultos mayores. Envejecimiento. Vejez. Desórdenes mentales. Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional. Abstract: Background: World Health Organization has reported that in old adults population will increase and aggravate the magnitude of mental health problems, which will be linked to the increase in his life expectancy and with the rise of individuals who reach old age. Objectives: identify and estimate the frequency of mental disorders in elderly people. Materials and Methods: Study observational, descriptive and transversal. It applies a questionnaire, which included socio-demographic variables and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Study population of persons aged 60 and over living in an Institution of Social Assistance in Mexico City, here were selected a systematic random sample, choosing one in four adults. The interviews were available staff previously trained in the handling of the methodology, procedures and application of the instrument Results: Out of a population study, resulting in a weighted sample of 80 completed interviews (67%). The main percentages were females and widower, with a mean age of 80 years and 5 of schooling. We find absence in the 30%, only 40% reported symptoms and the remaining 30% were filled psychiatric diagnoses. Conclusions: Mental health and psychiatric disorders has been scantily known and studied until this moment. The interview M.I.N.I. allowed us to identify and estimate their frequency of symptoms and diagnostics mental disorders. The frequency diagnostic of mental disorders found in our research (30%) is very similar to that obtained in another study (29.7%). In this context, the prevention, detection and opportune intervention for mental health problems are remarkable. Keywords: Elderly. Aging. Oldness. Mental disorders. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

Community mental health work – WHO recommendations and the perspective of people experiencing mental health problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Anna Jarkiewicz ◽  
Mariusz Granosik
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Work ◽  
The People ◽  
Action Programme ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Mental Health Work

This article was written in response to the publication by the World Health Organization of a document containing recommendations and a toolkit for promoting mental health and addressing the problems of people with mental disorders (Mental Health Gap Action Programme – mhGAP). The conclusions in the WHO proposal were compared with the perspective of people in mental crisis, which was reconstructed through qualitative research (in the interpretative paradigm). The analysis of the empirical material, which consisted of 35 autobiographical narrative interviews with people who have experienced mental disorders, showed that the WHO proposals correspond to the needs declared by the people struggling with mental problems. The compliance concerns both the expected fields of action (fight against stereotypes, prevention, health promotion) and methods (activities in the residential environment of people in need of support). At the same time, however, the analysis revealed a number of elements worth noting when orienting future community mental health work. These elements include: the increasing role and importance of people experiencing mental disorders in the orientation of action, strengthening community co-creation with people experiencing a mental disorder, moving away from one-sided teaching and training towards collaborative learning.

The EPA Guidance Project: Guidance for Mental Healthcare in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
I. Großimlinghaus ◽  
J. Zielasek ◽  
W. Gaebel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Graduate Training ◽  
Health Organization

Summary Background: The development of guidelines is an important and common method to assure and improve quality in mental healthcare in European countries. While guidelines have to fulfill predefined criteria such as methodological accuracy of evidence retrieval and assessment, and stakeholder involvement, the development of guidance was not standardized yet. Aim: In 2008, the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) initiated the EPA Guidance project in order to provide guidance in the field of European psychiatry and related fields for topics that are not dealt with by guideline developers – for instance due to lack of evidence or lack of funding. The first three series of EPA Guidance deal with diverse topics that are relevant to European mental healthcare, such as quality assurance for mental health services, post-graduate training in mental healthcare, trust in mental health services and mental health promotion. Results: EPA Guidance recommendations address current and future challenges for European psychiatry. They are developed in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) European Mental Health Action Plan.

Evidence-Based Practice in School Mental Health

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
School Based ◽  
K 12

Schools have become the default mental health providers for children and adolescents, but they are often poorly equipped to meet the mental health needs of their students. The introduction tackles how to make students eligible for school-based services using the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. Using the new DSM-5 as an organizing principle, this book then addresses the 12 most common mental disorders of childhood and adolescence, ages 3–18. While there are many books that address child and adolescent psychopathology, this book focuses on how to help students with mental disorders in pre-K–12 schools. Each chapter addresses the prevalence of a disorder in school-age populations, appropriate diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, comorbid disorders, rapid assessment instruments available, school-based interventions using multitiered systems of support, and easy-to-follow suggestions for progress monitoring. Unique to this book, each chapter has detailed suggestions for how school-based clinicians can collaborate with teachers, parents, and community providers to address the needs of youth with mental health problems so that school, home, and community work together. Each chapter ends with a list of extensive web resources and a real-life case example drawn from the clinical practice of the authors. The final chapter addresses two newly proposed diagnoses for self-harm in the DSM-5 and brings a cautious and sensible approach to assessing and helping students who may be at risk for serious self-injury or suicide.

scholarly journals Common Mental Disorders and Substance Use in School Children of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
P Sharma ◽  
P Sharma ◽  
N Thakur ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
M Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
School Mental Health ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Common Mental Health Problems ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
History Of

Introduction: School mental health is one of the important areas where early detection can lead to appropriate early intervention and burden of disease can be minimized. There is dearth of prevalence studies of common mental disorders on school going adolescents in Nepal. Considering this we aimed to study the prevalence of common mental health problems and substance use in school going adolescents. Material And Method: We evaluated 240 students for common mental disorders (depression and anxiety) using translated version of PHQ-4 and substance use single validated question after taking consent from school authorities and assent from students. Results: It was seen that 68.8 % students had psychological distress. 22.9 % and 27.5% of students had anxiety and depression respectively on screener and 23.3% students had use of substance at least once within a year. When compared male had significantly higher number of substance use as compared to female but no difference in PHQ-4 scores were seen when compared between gender and history of substance use. Conclusion: The study shows the current scenario of school going adolescents in Nepal and highlights the need of prevalence data on more generalizable setting.

scholarly journals Economic burden of silent mental disorders: a case study of agnosia in schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Chattu ◽  
Paula Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
The World

Mental health problems affect society as a whole, and not just a small, isolated segment. In developed countries with well-organized healthcare systems, between 44% and 70% of patients with mental disorders do not receive treatment whereas in developing countries the treatment gap being close to 90%. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting more than 21 million people worldwide. People with schizophrenia are 2-2.5 times more likely to die early than the general population. The case study highlights about agnosia in a schizophrenic patient in a primary care setting and how to address the management at a broader perspective using the appropriate antipsychotic medication and ensuring the support from a family without violating the human rights of the patient. The World Economic Forum estimated that the cumulative global impact of mental disorders in terms of lost economic output will amount to US$ 16 trillion over the next 20 years, equivalent to more than 1% of the global gross domestic product. Mental health should be a concern for all of us, rather than only for those who suffer from a mental disorder. The mental health action plan 2013-2020, endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2013, highlights the steps required to provide appropriate services for people with mental disorders including schizophrenia. A key recommendation of the action plan is to shift services from institutions to the community. Mental health must be considered a focus of renewed investment not just in terms of human development and dignity but also in terms of social and economic development.

scholarly journals An Overview of International Literature on School Interventions to Promote Mental Health and Well-being in Children and Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giovanni Carta ◽  
Teresa Di Fiandra ◽  
Lorenzo Rampazzo ◽  
Paolo Contu ◽  
Antonio Preti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
School Interventions ◽  
Health And Wellbeing

Introduction:Mental disorders are the largest cause of the burden of disease in the world. Most of the burden affecting adult life has its onset during childhood and adolescence. The European Pact for Mental Health and Wellbeing calls for immediate action and investments in the mental health of children and adolescents. Schools may be the ideal location for promoting health and delivering healthcare services, since schools are a location where young people usually spend their daytime and socialize, schools are easily accessible to families, can provide non-stigmatizing health actions, and form links with the community.Aims and Goals of this Special Issue:This issue is developed within the framework of the Joint Action on Mental Health promoted by the European Commission. This special issue presents a set of systematic reviews on the evidence of the international literature on school interventions for the promotion of the mental health and wellbeing of children and adolescents. It is focused on five topical main areas: promoting general health and wellbeing; programs targeting specific mental disorders and conditions and integration of adolescents with mental health problems; Bullying; Sport; Alcohol and Drugs. An additional paper on the results of the largest epidemiological study conducted in some European countries on the prevalence and relative risk factors of mental disorders in school-age completes the issue.Conclusion:These reviews are a first contribution to address future European research and interventions, in particular about the multiple ways through which European policies could support the schooling and wellbeing of children and adolescents.

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