The scale of the problem

Psychiatry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McKnight ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
John Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization

One in four individuals suffer from a psychiatric disorder at some point in their life, with 15– 20 per cent fitting cri­teria for a mental disorder at any given time. The latter corresponds to around 450 million people worldwide, placing mental disorders as one of the leading causes of global morbidity. Mental health problems represent five of the ten leading causes of disability worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported in mid 2016 that ‘the global cost of mental illness is £651 billion per year’, stating that the equivalent of 50 million working years was being lost annually due to mental disorders. The financial global impact is clearly vast, but on a smaller scale, the social and psychological impacts of having a mental dis­order on yourself or your family are greater still. It is often difficult for the general public and clin­icians outside psychiatry to think of mental health dis­orders as ‘diseases’ because it is harder to pinpoint a specific pathological cause for them. When confronted with this view, it is helpful to consider that most of medicine was actually founded on this basis. For ex­ample, although medicine has been a profession for the past 2500 years, it was only in the late 1980s that Helicobacter pylori was linked to gastric/ duodenal ul­cers and gastric carcinoma, or more recently still that the BRCA genes were found to be a cause of breast cancer. Still much of clinical medicine treats a patient’s symptoms rather than objective abnormalities. The WHO has given the following definition of mental health:… Mental health is defined as a state of well- being in which every individual realizes his or her own po­tential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community.… This is a helpful definition, because it clearly defines a mental disorder as a condition that disrupts this state in any way, and sets clear goals of treatment for the clinician. It identifies the fact that a disruption of an individual’s mental health impacts negatively not only upon their enjoyment and ability to cope with life, but also upon that of the wider community.

scholarly journals Economic burden of silent mental disorders: a case study of agnosia in schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Chattu ◽  
Paula Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
The World

Mental health problems affect society as a whole, and not just a small, isolated segment. In developed countries with well-organized healthcare systems, between 44% and 70% of patients with mental disorders do not receive treatment whereas in developing countries the treatment gap being close to 90%. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting more than 21 million people worldwide. People with schizophrenia are 2-2.5 times more likely to die early than the general population. The case study highlights about agnosia in a schizophrenic patient in a primary care setting and how to address the management at a broader perspective using the appropriate antipsychotic medication and ensuring the support from a family without violating the human rights of the patient. The World Economic Forum estimated that the cumulative global impact of mental disorders in terms of lost economic output will amount to US$ 16 trillion over the next 20 years, equivalent to more than 1% of the global gross domestic product. Mental health should be a concern for all of us, rather than only for those who suffer from a mental disorder. The mental health action plan 2013-2020, endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2013, highlights the steps required to provide appropriate services for people with mental disorders including schizophrenia. A key recommendation of the action plan is to shift services from institutions to the community. Mental health must be considered a focus of renewed investment not just in terms of human development and dignity but also in terms of social and economic development.

Psychiatric morbidity in December 2015 flood-affected population in Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailaja Bandla ◽  
NR Nappinnai ◽  
Srinivasagopalan Gopalasamy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Floods are the most common type of natural disaster, which have a negative impact on mental health. Following floods, survivors are vulnerable to develop PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. Aim: The aim is to study the psychiatric morbidity in the persons affected by floods during December 2015. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in Chennai and Cuddalore. In total, 223 persons who were directly exposed to floods were assessed. PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version, Beck’s Depression Inventory, Beck’s Anxiety Inventory and World Health Organization–Five Well-Being Scale (WHO-5) were used in the study. Chi-square test was used to compare the means. Results: Overall, psychiatric morbidity was found to be 45.29%; 60 (26.9%) persons had symptoms of PTSD. Anxiety was found in 48 (27.4%) and depression was found in 101 (45.29%) persons; and 11 (4.9%) persons have reported an increase in substance abuse. Conclusion: Following disaster like floods, there is a need for better preparedness in terms of basic necessities and medical and psychological assistance, particularly emphasizing the needs of older persons in order to prevent the development of psychiatric problems.

scholarly journals Innovative Ways to Promote Children’s Mental Health: Developing Accessible and Sustainable School Mental Health Services in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 565-567
Author(s):  
Nazish Imran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
School Mental Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Young Population ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health Organization

According to World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 10-15% of children and adolescents worldwide suffer from mental health problems.(1) The WHO also highlights that “Lack of attention to mental health of children & adolescents may lead to mental disorders with lifelong consequences, undermines compliance with health regimens and reduces the capacity of societies to be safe and productive”. (2) More than half of all mental disorders have an onset in childhood and adolescence with suicide being the third leading cause of death among adolescents. (1), (3) Child & adolescent mental health thus needs to be considered & emphasized as an integral component of overall health & growth of young population. Youth with positive mental health have positive self-efficacy beliefs, are productive and able to tackle developmental challenges adequately.

scholarly journals Frecuencia de desórdenes mentales en adultos mayores residentes en una institución de asistencia social en la Ciudad de México

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis López Jiménez ◽  
Guadalupe Barrios Salinas ◽  
Blanca Estela López Salgado ◽  
María Patricia Martínez Medina ◽  
Laura Angélica Bazaldúa Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview ◽  
Salud Mental ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Health Organization

Resumen: Antecedentes: La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha informado que en los adultos mayores se incrementará y agravará la magnitud de los problemas de salud mental, lo que estará relacionado al incremento de su expectativa de vida y al aumento de las personas que alcanzarán edades avanzadas. Objetivos: Identificar y estimar la frecuencia de desórdenes mentales en adultos mayores. Material y Método: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se aplicó un cuestionario que incluía variables sociodemográficas y la Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional (M.I.N.I.). Población de estudio de 60 años y más, residentes en una Institución de Asistencia Social de la Ciudad de México. La muestra se seleccionó aleatoria y sistemáticamente, eligiendo una de cada cuatro. Participó personal previamente capacitado tanto en la metodología como en los procedimientos y aplicación del instrumento. Resultados: De la población de estudio, se obtuvo una muestra ponderada de 80 entrevistas completas (67%). En su mayoría fueron femeninos y viudas, con una media de edad de 80 años y 5 de escolaridad. Encontramos ausencia en el 30%; en un 40% sólo se reportó sintomatología y en el 30% restante se cubrieron diagnósticos psiquiátricos. Conclusiones: La salud mental y los desórdenes psiquiátricos han sido escasamente conocidos y estudiados en esta población. La entrevista MINI permitió identificar y estimar la frecuencia de síntomas y diagnósticos de desórdenes mentales. Nuestra estimación (30%) fue similar a la reportada en otro estudio (29.7%). La prevención, identificación, detección e intervención oportuna a los problemas de salud mental adquieren gran importancia en este contexto. Palabras clabe: Adultos mayores. Envejecimiento. Vejez. Desórdenes mentales. Mini Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional. Abstract: Background: World Health Organization has reported that in old adults population will increase and aggravate the magnitude of mental health problems, which will be linked to the increase in his life expectancy and with the rise of individuals who reach old age. Objectives: identify and estimate the frequency of mental disorders in elderly people. Materials and Methods: Study observational, descriptive and transversal. It applies a questionnaire, which included socio-demographic variables and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.). Study population of persons aged 60 and over living in an Institution of Social Assistance in Mexico City, here were selected a systematic random sample, choosing one in four adults. The interviews were available staff previously trained in the handling of the methodology, procedures and application of the instrument Results: Out of a population study, resulting in a weighted sample of 80 completed interviews (67%). The main percentages were females and widower, with a mean age of 80 years and 5 of schooling. We find absence in the 30%, only 40% reported symptoms and the remaining 30% were filled psychiatric diagnoses. Conclusions: Mental health and psychiatric disorders has been scantily known and studied until this moment. The interview M.I.N.I. allowed us to identify and estimate their frequency of symptoms and diagnostics mental disorders. The frequency diagnostic of mental disorders found in our research (30%) is very similar to that obtained in another study (29.7%). In this context, the prevention, detection and opportune intervention for mental health problems are remarkable. Keywords: Elderly. Aging. Oldness. Mental disorders. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

scholarly journals MENTAL HEALTH: ESSENCE, MAIN DETERMINANTS, STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Karamushka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of the study. Based on the study of foreign experience to analyze the essence of mental health, its main determinants, strategies and programs and to determine the features of the use of foreign approaches in Ukraine. The results of the study. The article analyzes the essence of mental health based on the analysis of foreign and domestic sources (documents of state and non-governmental organizations, scientific research), defines its role in the life of the individual, society and society. It is noted that according to the documents of the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is an integral part of health, is a state of well-being in which a person realizes his abilities, can cope with ordinary life stresses, can work productively and effectively to help his community. The role of the biopsychosocial model for determining the determinants of mental health is revealed. It is emphasized that according to the biopsychosocial model, a person is a holistic organism in which biological, psychological and social factors are constantly interrelated, so the idea of ​​human health, causes of diseases and its care depends on the characteristics and condition of each of these factors. Government and non-governmental mental health strategies, general and specialized programs for the protection and promotion of mental health are analyzed in detail. It is emphasized that Ukraine needs to actively participate in the study, development and implementation of international standards on mental health in Ukraine, improving the culture of the population on this issue, attracting specialists in various fields (physicians, psychologists, social workers) to diagnose mental health problems and various professional groups , implementation of appropriate psychological support programs.

Community mental health work – WHO recommendations and the perspective of people experiencing mental health problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-81
Author(s):  
Anna Jarkiewicz ◽  
Mariusz Granosik
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Community Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Work ◽  
The People ◽  
Action Programme ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Mental Health Work

This article was written in response to the publication by the World Health Organization of a document containing recommendations and a toolkit for promoting mental health and addressing the problems of people with mental disorders (Mental Health Gap Action Programme – mhGAP). The conclusions in the WHO proposal were compared with the perspective of people in mental crisis, which was reconstructed through qualitative research (in the interpretative paradigm). The analysis of the empirical material, which consisted of 35 autobiographical narrative interviews with people who have experienced mental disorders, showed that the WHO proposals correspond to the needs declared by the people struggling with mental problems. The compliance concerns both the expected fields of action (fight against stereotypes, prevention, health promotion) and methods (activities in the residential environment of people in need of support). At the same time, however, the analysis revealed a number of elements worth noting when orienting future community mental health work. These elements include: the increasing role and importance of people experiencing mental disorders in the orientation of action, strengthening community co-creation with people experiencing a mental disorder, moving away from one-sided teaching and training towards collaborative learning.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Mental Health

Bionatura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1170-1171
Author(s):  
Diego Valarezo-Sevilla ◽  
Vanessa Sarzosa-Terán ◽  
Gabriela Restrepo-Rodas
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental Health Disorder ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mental Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Deceased People

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as the state of perfect (complete) physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease. In epidemic and pandemic situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic that we are currently going through, all these spheres, physical, mental, and social, are affected, which threatens the lives of many people and significantly increases the number of sick and deceased people. The general fear of contagion worsens the existing situation and leads to a psychosocial impact that will, at some point, exceed the ability of health personnel to confront and manage the affected population. It is considered that the increase in the incidence of mental disorders and emotional manifestations is directly related to the magnitude of the epidemic and the level of vulnerability of the country affected. However, not all of the mental problems that occur can be classified as a mental health disorder, as many of these are normal reactions to an abnormal situation.

Comparing the social networks of service users with long term mental health needs living in community with those in a general adult in-patient unit

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110175
Author(s):  
Roberto Rusca ◽  
Ike-Foster Onwuchekwa ◽  
Catherine Kinane ◽  
Douglas MacInnes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
The Social

Background: Relationships are vital to recovery however, there is uncertainty whether users have different types of social networks in different mental health settings and how these networks may impact on users’ wellbeing. Aims: To compare the social networks of people with long-term mental illness in the community with those of people in a general adult in-patient unit. Method: A sample of general adult in-patients with enduring mental health problems, aged between 18 and 65, was compared with a similar sample attending a general adult psychiatric clinic. A cross-sectional survey collected demographic data and information about participants’ social networks. Participants also completed the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale to examine well-being and the Significant Others Scale to explore their social network support. Results: The study recruited 53 participants (25 living in the community and 28 current in-patients) with 339 named as important members of their social networks. Both groups recorded low numbers in their social networks though the community sample had a significantly greater number of social contacts (7.4 vs. 5.4), more monthly contacts with members of their network and significantly higher levels of social media use. The in-patient group reported greater levels of emotional and practical support from their network. Conclusions: People with serious and enduring mental health problems living in the community had a significantly greater number of people in their social network than those who were in-patients while the in-patient group reported greater levels of emotional and practical support from their network. Recommendations for future work have been made.

Tobacco smoking and mental disorders in Australian adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
David Lawrence ◽  
Sarah E Johnson ◽  
Francis Mitrou ◽  
Sharon Lawn ◽  
Michael Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Current Tobacco

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) examine the strength of the association between mental disorders/mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents, (2) compare rates of tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents with major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or conduct disorder in 2013/14 vs 1998, and (3) identify the extent to which an association between tobacco smoking and mental health problems among adolescents can be attributed to non-mental health risk factors. Methods: The study utilised data from the first (1998) and second (2013/14) child and adolescent components of the National Surveys of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Both surveys identified nationally representative samples of Australian young people aged 4–17 years, living in private dwellings. Information was collected from parents and 13- to 17-year-olds about mental disorders, mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking. Results: In the 2013/14 survey, the rate of current tobacco smoking among those with a mental disorder was 20% compared to 5% in those without a mental disorder. Rates were highest for young people with conduct disorder (50%), major depressive disorder (24%) and anxiety disorders (19%). In 2013/14, 38% of current tobacco smokers had a mental disorder and 32% reported self-harm and/or suicidal ideation vs 10% and 5%, respectively, among adolescents who had never smoked. Females with mental disorders or reporting self-harm or suicidal ideation had higher rates of current smoking than males. Other significant factors associated with current smoking included school-related problems, binge eating and having had more than one sexual partner. Conclusion: While smoking rates in 13- to 17-year-olds with mental disorders had declined since 1998, the strength of the association between mental disorders and smoking had increased, especially among females. Our findings highlight the need to address the tobacco smoking among adolescents with mental disorders, particularly females.

scholarly journals Natural kinds of mental disorder

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Werkhoven
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Abnormal Behaviour ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Socially Constructed

AbstractAre mental disorders (autism, ADHD, schizophrenia) natural kinds or socially constructed categories? What is at stake if either of these views prove to be true? This paper offers a qualified defence for the view that there may be natural kinds of mental disorder, but also that the implications of this claim are generally overestimated. Especially concerns about over-inclusiveness of diagnostic categories and medicalisation of abnormal behaviour are not addressed by the debate. To arrive at these conclusions the paper opens with a discussion of kind formation in science, followed by an analysis of natural kinds. Seven principled and empirically informed objections to the possibility of natural kinds of mental disorder are considered and rejected. The paper ends with a reflection on diagnostics of mental health problems that don’t fall into natural kinds. Despite the defence of the possibility of natural kinds of mental disorder, this is likely to be the majority of cases.

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