Short-course azithromycin results in a high rate of bacteriological eradication of Bordetella pertussis,

2003 ◽  
Vol &NA; (1413) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
&NA;
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Bacteriological Eradication

Treatment of mild-to-moderate pelvic inflammatory disease with a short-course azithromycin-based regimen versus ofloxacin plus metronidazole: results of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054468
Author(s):  
Gillian Dean ◽  
Suneeta Soni ◽  
Rachel Pitt ◽  
Jonathan Ross ◽  
Caroline Sabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Clinical Cure ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Short Course

ObjectiveA multicentre, randomised non-inferiority trial compared the efficacy and safety of 14 days of ofloxacin and metronidazole (standard-of-care (SoC)) versus a single dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone followed by 5 days of azithromycin and metronidazole (intervention arm (IA)) in women with mild-to-moderate pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).MethodsWomen with a clinical diagnosis of PID presenting at sexual health services were randomised to the SoC or IA arms. Treating clinicians and participants were not blinded to treatment allocation but the clinician performing the assessment of primary outcome was blinded. The primary outcome was clinical cure defined as ≥70% reduction in the modified McCormack pain score at day 14–21 after starting treatment. Secondary outcomes included adherence, tolerability and microbiological cure.ResultsOf the randomised population 72/153 (47.1%) reached the primary end point in the SoC arm, compared with 68/160 (42.5%) in the IA (difference in cure 4.6% (95% CI −15.6% to 6.5%). Following exclusion of 86 women who were lost to follow-up, attended outside the day 14–21 follow-up period, or withdrew consent, 72/107 (67.3%) had clinical cure in the SoC arm compared with 68/120 (56.7%) in the IA, giving a difference in cure rate of 10.6% (95% CI −23.2% to 1.9%). We were unable to demonstrate non-inferiority of the IA compared with SoC arm. Women in the IA took more treatment doses compared with the SoC group (113/124 (91%) vs 75/117 (64%), p=0.0001), but were more likely to experience diarrhoea (61% vs 24%, p<0.0001). Of 288 samples available for analysis, Mycoplasma genitalium was identified in 10% (28/288), 58% (11/19) of which had baseline antimicrobial resistance-associated mutations.ConclusionA short-course azithromycin-based regimen is likely to be less effective than the standard treatment with ofloxacin plus metronidazole. The high rate of baseline antimicrobial resistance supports resistance testing in those with M. genitalium infection to guide appropriate therapy.Trial registration number2010-023254-36.

scholarly journals A study on non-compliance in tuberculosis cases towards the directly observed treatment short course under RNTCP in Kanpur Nagar

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Srivastava ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Ruchi Saxena ◽  
R. P. Sharma ◽  
Tanu Midha
Keyword(s):  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment

Background: The goal of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) is to achieve cure rate of at least 85% and to detect at least 70% of the new smear positive cases of tuberculosis (TB). A very high rate of compliance to treatment is required to achieve the target and to prevent the drug resistance. The objective of the study was to study the magnitude and reasons of non-compliance in TB patients towards directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) in Kanpur Nagar.Methods: Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects from the two designated microscopy centres (DMC). Information regarding treatment compliance and patient satisfaction was elicited and recorded in the predesigned and pretested questionnaire, analysis was done using SPSS and  percentages was used to draw the results.Results: Out of total 300 study subjects, 41(13.67%) were non-compliant during treatment. Majority of non-compliant study subjects were aged more than 50 years (30.23%), skilled workers (29%), belonged to socioeconomic class III (22.9%), Muslims (19.36%) and educated upto high school (16.33%). The most common cause of non-compliance in the present study was symptomatic relief during treatment (73.20%) followed by intolerance to medications (24.40%).Conclusions: Compliance to the drug regimen under RNTCP plays a vital role in the cure of the TB cases. Non-Compliance rate being high in the present study, health education of the community at large and regular follow up of all defaulters, to find out the reasons for default and measures to reduce them, requires more emphasis to achieve the goal of RNTCP. 

Pathologic complete response (pCR) following weekly (wkly) paclitaxel (cremophor or albumin-bound) and carboplatin (TC) ± trastuzumab (H), ± bevacizumab (B) in patients (pts) with doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide-resistant (AC-Res) and AC-sensitive (AC-S) large and inflammatory breast cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 591-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Mehta ◽  
T. Schubbert ◽  
K. Kong ◽  
D. Hsiang ◽  
J. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathologic Complete Response ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Resistance Reversal ◽  
Dose Dense

591 Introduction: Historically, pCR is rare in AC-Res in contrast to AC-S BC except following TCH in HER2+ BC in preliminary analysis (SABCS-2004, #1110). Moreover, robust predictors of pCR are needed. Methods: 106 consecutive BC pts on neoadjuvant studies were treated with GM/G-CSF supported dose-dense AC (except 7**- Table ), 2 cycles if AC-Res and 4 if AC-S. Pts then received 9–12 wkly TC (3 wks on, 1 off) ± 6–8 bi-wkly B if HER2- or +12–16 wkly H if HER2+, followed by surgery. Fisher’s exact test was performed to compare pCR percentages by various characteristics. Results: pCR in breast and lymph nodes in 38 of 84 assessable tumors in the first 82 pts were documented. 67% (56/84) tumors were reduced to ≤5 mm. Overall, no difference in pCR rates were found between AC-S and AC-Res BC, but pCR rates were 2- to 4-fold higher in HER2+, AC-S (79%) and AC-Res (65%) subsets compared to HER2-, AC-S (32%) and AC-Res (16%) subsets. Higher pCR rates were associated with HER2+/hormone receptor- (HR-) > HER2+/HR+, HER2-/HR- (triple-) > HER2-/HR+, and within the HER2+ subset-IHC 3+/FISH+ or unknown > IHC 3+/FISH- or IHC 1–2+/FISH+, and ductal > other histology. No patient had clinical cardiac dysfunction or EF <50, except 1 on AC/TC. 13/106 (12%) progression or death at a median follow-up of 22 months (range 2–46) is mostly due to stage IV and CNS progression. Conclusion: Short course of TCH achieves a high rate of pCR in AC-Res and AC-S, HER2+ BC in contrast to TC ± B in AC-Res and AC-S, HER2- BC. This is the first demonstration of high rate of complete AC resistance reversal across stage II-IV, inflammatory and recurrent HER2+ BC. In vivo response adjusted 2–4 cycles of dose-dense AC limited clinical cardiac toxicity. HER2+ (IHC 3+/FISH+ or unknown), HR- and ductal histology are significant predictors of high pCR. HER2 and HR confer 4 predictive subtypes of BC. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals High rate of completion for weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid treatment in Chinese children with latent tuberculosis infection—A single center study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253159
Author(s):  
Heng Yang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zhi-dong Hu ◽  
Lu Xia ◽  
Xu-hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Completion Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Three months of weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid (3HP) is a short course regimen for latent tuberculosis infection treatment with satisfied safety and efficacy. However, research on its use in children is limited. In this study, we evaluated the completion rate and safety of the 3HP regimen among children in China. Participants aged 1–14 years receiving 3HP for TB prevention at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center were followed from December 2019 to November 2020 to evaluate the safety and completion rate of the treatment. Thirty-one children were eligible for inclusion, but five were excluded from the analysis (three were treated with a lower than recommended dose, and two were lost to follow-up). Of the 26 children included in the analysis, the treatment completion rate was 100%. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in 38.5% (10/26) of the patients. The most common ADRs were gastrointestinal symptoms (19.2%,5/26), and all ADRs were rated as Grade 1. The 3HP regimen has a high completion rate, and it seems well tolerated in our study population. However, further randomized controlled clinical trial with larger sample size are warranted.

scholarly journals Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment short-course and factors affecting the outcome in tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parigna R. Trivedi ◽  
Tejas M. Khakhkhar
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment

Background: Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) based on Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) strategy has been made available in entire country by March 2006. Given high rate of unfavourable treatment outcomes reported in some provinces, there is a need to analyse outcomes and identify possible trends and associated risk factors that can help for improvement in RNTCP.Methods: After getting Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval, total of 76 cases diagnosed and treated for Tuberculosis (TB) under Category I of RNTCP were recruited from January to March 2017. All patients were followed up for six months from date of initiating the treatment. The data was obtained from TB treatment register, by patient visit and regular follow-up. The information collected include age and gender of patient, category of treatment, date of treatment initiation, initial sputum conversion, outcome of treatment and date of outcome.Results: Out of total 76 patients, 64 (84.21%) were cured, 5 (6.57%) were lost to follow-up, 4 (5.26%) were failed to treat, 1 (1.32%) patient was died, 1 (1.32%) patient had completed treatment but status was unknown and 1 (1.32%) patient was not evaluated because of transfer. Overall treatment outcome of TB patients under DOTS was matching goal of RNTCP with cure rate of 84.21%.Conclusions: Efforts by DOT providers, adequate patient education, motivating ones in need can bring positive outcomes. In this region, DOTS center is at good working condition in terms of functionality as well as ethically. Gender, age group, residence and initial culture colony did not significantly affect treatment outcome.

Structure of Palladium Single-Crystal Films Prepared by Flash Evaporation onto (001) NaCl Substrates

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
L. E. Murr ◽  
G. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Optimum Load ◽  
Single Crystal Films ◽  
Crystal Films ◽  
A Current

Palladium single-crystal films have been prepared by Matthews in ultra-high vacuum by evaporation onto (001) NaCl substrates cleaved in-situ, and maintained at ∼ 350° C. Murr has also produced large-grained and single-crystal Pd films by high-rate evaporation onto (001) NaCl air-cleaved substrates at 350°C. In the present work, very large (∼ 3cm2), continuous single-crystal films of Pd have been prepared by flash evaporation onto air-cleaved (001) NaCl substrates at temperatures at or below 250°C. Evaporation rates estimated to be ≧ 2000 Å/sec, were obtained by effectively short-circuiting 1 mil tungsten evaporation boats in a self-regulating system which maintained an optimum load current of approximately 90 amperes; corresponding to a current density through the boat of ∼ 4 × 104 amperes/cm2.

Rapid Freezing of Freeze-Etch Specimens

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 752-755
Author(s):  
A. Elgsaeter ◽  
T. Espevik ◽  
G. Kopstad
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Freeze Etching

The importance of a high rate of temperature decrease (“rapid freezing”) when freezing specimens for freeze-etching has long been recognized1. The two basic methods for achieving rapid freezing are: 1) dropping the specimen onto a metal surface at low temperature, 2) bringing the specimen instantaneously into thermal contact with a liquid at low temperature and subsequently maintaining a high relative velocity between the liquid and the specimen. Over the last couple of years the first method has received strong renewed interest, particularily as the result of a series of important studies by Heuser and coworkers 2,3. In this paper we will compare these two freezing methods theoretically and experimentally.

Short Course of 3.75% Imiquimod Clears AKs

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
HEIDI SPLETE
Keyword(s):  
Short Course
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