scholarly journals Modeling the quality of sewage during the leaking of stormwater surface runoff to the sanitary sewer system using SWMM: a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hassan Mohammed ◽  
Haider M. Zwain ◽  
Waqed Hammed Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Statistical Validation ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Sanitary Sewer

Abstract This paper describes the application of the storm water management model (SWMM) for predicting the sewage quality in the sanitary sewer system of the study area resulting from the leaking of stormwater surface runoff to the system during rainfall events at different return periods. The concentrations of major pollutants were assessed in the sanitary sewer system at different rainfall intensities. Then, a solution to mitigate the problem was proposed using low impact development (LID) technology. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that maximum build-up possible was the most sensitive parameter for model calibration. The model was calibrated using actual rainfall events, and statistical validation coefficients of R (0.81–0.82) and NMSE (0.0173–0.022) proved that the model is valid. The sewage quality assessment results showed that pollutants concentration increased to its maximum level at 20 min and gradually decreased to a slightly constant minimum value after 2 h. The proposed solution of LID reduced the pollutants concentrations by 82–88, 75–77, 52–55, and 7–10% for all pollutants at return periods of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years, respectively. To conclude, SWMM simulation successfully predicted the concentration of the pollutants, and leaking of stormwater surface runoff has changed the sewage quality.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Main Function of Low Impact Development Based on Rainfall Events

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
Meiyan Feng ◽  
Kwansue Jung ◽  
Fengping Li ◽  
Hongyan Li ◽  
Joo-Cheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Hydrological Process ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Hydrological Balance ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Cycle System ◽  
Positive Effect

Low Impact Development (LID) is one of the sustainable approaches to urban stormwater management in areas with rapid urbanization. Although LID has been shown to have a positive effect in flood reduction, the hydrological balance regulation effect of LID under a variety of rainfall events is not fully understood. In this study, we assessed the hydrological efficiency of LID at two residential–commercial mixed sites in Korea to investigate the main function of LID in terms of diverse rainfall characteristics. Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was constructed to simulate the hydrological process numerical simulations in the pre-development, post-development and LID design scenarios, respectively. The model was calibrated and validated by using five observed rainfall–runoff events. Then, four single and four multiple LID practices (LIDs) were used to estimate their effectiveness under seven different designed rainfall events. The results indicate that LIDs substantially influence the hydrology cycle system, while the regulating effect varies with rainfall amounts. The efficiency of LIDs in flood reduction is proved to be more effective during lower storm events. However, LIDs should be designed to primarily prioritize the restoration of hydrological balance when the rainfall return period is longer.

scholarly journals Comparing simulations of green roof hydrological processes by SWMM and HYDRUS-1D

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xie Haowen ◽  
Wu Yawen ◽  
Wang Luping ◽  
Luo Weilin ◽  
Zhou Wenqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Total Runoff ◽  
Storage Reservoirs ◽  
Swmm Model ◽  
Hydrus 1D

Abstract Green roofs are a sustainable, low-impact development technique. They can reduce peak stormwater runoff and runoff volume and improve the quality of runoff from individual buildings and developments, which can lower the risk of frequent urban flooding and improve the quality of receiving waters. Few studies have compared different types of green roof models under the same rainfall intensities; thus, in this study, the predictions of a non-linear storage reservoirs model, Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), and a physical process model (HYDRUS-1D) were discussed. Both models were compared against measured data obtained from a series of laboratory experiments, designed to represent different storm categories and rainfall events. It was concluded that the total runoff of the SWMM model is always less than that of HYDRUS-1D. The maximum flowrate of the SWMM model is more than that of HYDRUS-1D during all events.

scholarly journals Simulating the effects of low impact development approaches on urban flooding: a case study from Tehran, Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Movahedinia ◽  
Jamal Mohammad Vali Samani ◽  
Fakhreddin Barakhasi ◽  
Saleh Taghvaeian ◽  
Raffi Stepanian
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Storm Water Management Model

Abstract Low impact development (LID) methods have been shown to be efficient in reducing the peak flow and total volume of urban stormwater, which is a top priority for effective urban stormwater management in many municipalities. However, decision-makers need information on the effects of LIDs and their associated costs before allocating limited resources. In this study, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was used to investigate the effects of five different LID scenarios on urban flooding in a district in Tehran, Iran. The LID scenarios included rain barrel (RB) at two sizes, bio-retention cell (BRC), and combinations of the two structures. The results showed that significant node flooding and overflow volume would occur in the study area under the existing conditions, especially for rainfall events with longer return periods. BRC and combinations of BRC and RBs were the most effective options in reducing flooding, while the smaller-size RB was the cheapest alternative. However, normalized cost, obtained through dividing the total cost by the percent reduction in node flooding and/or overflow volume, was smallest for BRC. The results of this study demonstrate how hydraulic modeling can be combined with economic analysis to identify the most efficient and affordable LID practices for urban areas.

Implement of JW ecological technology to an area under heavy rainfall

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hund-Der Yeh ◽  
Kuo-Chen Ma ◽  
Tze-Y Chan ◽  
Mo-Hsiung Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Potential Map ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Floods And Droughts ◽  
Flooding Events

<p>Floods and droughts are exacerbated due to global warming and climate change. Heavy rainfall often leads to serious flooding events. How to improve traditional methods for storm sewer system design or alternative measures therefore has become an important issue in Taiwan. The objective of this study is to use the SWMM module to simulate the use of the JW eco-technology (JWET) in an area under different heavy rainfall resulting in surface runoff and infiltration. A small region in a city in north Taiwan is selected as the target area for the simulations and the results are compared with the flood potential map produced based on the simulation results from the SOBEK model developed by Deltares System for river, urban or rural management. The low-impact development module of the SWMM is chosen to simulate the spatial distributions of surface runoff and infiltration using the JWET in the target area under different heavy rainfall intensities. The results show that the implement of JWET to the target area can effectively reduce surface runoff and significantly increase surface infiltration and groundwater recharge. In other words, the implement of JWET to an urban area can achieve the objective of environmental adaptation and reduce the loss of people's lives and property.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: heavy rainfall; low impact development; JW ecological technology</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of the Inflow Characteristics of Separate Sewer Systems for Rainfall Using an XP-SWMM Model and the SSOAP Toolbox

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
Young Jun Lee ◽  
Chae Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Sanitary Sewer ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Sanitary Sewer Overflow ◽  
Sampling Intervals ◽  
Swmm Model

Even after the sewer system rehabilitation project, sewer system-related problems caused by inflow still persist. However, analysis of the characteristics of the inflow has been limited to specific rainfall events and monitoring points. This study analyzed inflow characteristics according to rainfall events using an XP-SWMM model and the Sanitary Sewer Overflow Analysis and Planning (SSOAP) Toolbox. In this study, the XP-SWMM model was built for sewers and collecting pipes in urban areas where classification projects were completed. The R, T, and K parameters were calculated using the SSOAP tool based on the sewer volume data of the study area. The calculated parameters were inputted into the XP-SWMM model and used to analyze R, T, and K of unmeasured sampling intervals. The amount of rainfall-derived inflow and infiltration (RDII) increased according to the amount of rainfall, and the correlation coefficient between the amount of rainfall and the amount of RDII was 0.9352, indicating a high correlation. The results of this study can support efficient facility planning that reflects the rainfall characteristics of specific areas, including areas where actual survey of sewage data is not possible.

scholarly journals THE USE OF SWMM SOFTWARE FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele Leticia Ramos Beluci ◽  
Guilherme Eduardo Guimaraes ◽  
Josiane Santos da Silva ◽  
Luciene Almeida da Silva ◽  
Joyce Ronquim Wedekind
Keyword(s):  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Porous Pavement ◽  
Quality Of Urban Life ◽  
Great Possibility ◽  
Flow Propagation ◽  
The City

The present work presents a study performed in the hydrographic basin of the Figueira Stream located in the city of Umuarama-PR, with the intention of reducing surface runoff and expanding the storage of urban waters to minimize the current environmental problems, such as silting and erosion. The main objective is to implement LIDs (Low impact development) devices known in Brazil as low impact urban development and with the help of the Storm Water Management Model - SWMM software, to simulate the behavior of urban waters considering the real situation and comparing them with the simulation with insertion of LIDs. As a methodology, an in loco survey was performed, followed by two simulations. The first simulation considered the data from the in loco survey. We observed that the basin is not prone to flooding, but there is a great possibility of erosion and silting. In the second simulation, we inserted three types of LIDs: filtration basin; porous pavement and infiltration valleys. The data was analyzed and the behavior of urban waters was compared. Our study observed an improvement in water balance and flow propagation. Finally, we understood that with the implementation of the LIDs the results generated were satisfactory, in the sense of providing solutions to improve the environmental problems installed in the basin, consequently promoting improvement in the quality of urban life.

scholarly journals LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT MODELING TO MANAGE URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF: CASE STUDY OF GORZÓW WIELKOPOLSK

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Nowogoński
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff

Uncontrolled urbanization causes local flooding and deterioration of the water quality of receivers as a result of an increase in peak flow rate and increased washing out of contaminants from the catchment area. Currently, classic storage tanks are most often used. An alternative solution may be the use of Low Impact Development (LID), i.e. the preservation and restoration of natural landscape elements, minimizing the imperviousness of the catchment in the form of rain barrels, permeable walkways or bio-retention reservoirs. The comparison of both techniques was carried out using the Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). The influence of several solutions on a selected urbanized catchment located in Gorzów Wielkopolski was tested.

scholarly journals Effectiveness assessment of urban waterlogging mitigation for low impact development in semi-mountainous regions under different storm conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Xiaoran Fu ◽  
Qinghua Luan ◽  
Jiahong Liu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
The Status

Abstract To assess the urban waterlogging mitigation effectiveness on low impact development (LID) in semi-mountainous regions, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) of a semi-mountainous region combined with GIS was generalized. The SWMM was calibrated and validated through maximum seeper depth of the checkpoints, and various LID scenarios have been designed according to local conditions. The discharge processes of outlets, surface runoff, peak flow and peak time were analyzed in different scenarios. The results show that: all the flow processes of outlets in the LID scenario are gentler than that in the status quo scenario, and the effectiveness of LIDs in semi-mountainous regions are different from that in plain regions because of the slope influence; in semi-mountainous regions, the LID effectiveness on surface runoff reduction decreases with the increase in rainfall return period or the extension of rainfall duration, but remains almost unchanged with the increase in rainfall peak coefficient; the LID effectiveness on control peak flow reduction is not remarkable with the change in rainfall characteristics, and the LID effectiveness on peak time delay is poor. This research can provide decision support for regional small-scale measures of urban waterlogging mitigation and reduction in semi-mountainous regions.

Rainfall Events as Paths of a Stochastic Process: Problems of Design Storm Analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Brummer
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Peak Flows ◽  
Design Storm ◽  
Adequate Evaluation ◽  
Rainfall Patterns

Problems in the construction of design storms are expressed in mathematical terms. Introduced here is a concept for approximating natural peak flow values by means of the distribution of typical rainfall patterns. A comparison demonstrates the quality of this concept and the competency of some well-known design storms for the adequate evaluation of peak flows.

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