scholarly journals Approach to develop a climate change resilience assessment framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Cardoso ◽  
R. S. Brito ◽  
M. C. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The City ◽  
Climate Change Resilience ◽  
Resilience Assessment ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Urban areas are complex, vulnerable and continuously evolving, with interacting strategic services, assets and stakeholders. Potential effects of climate dynamics on urban areas may include the aggravation of current conditions, with identification of new hazards or risk drivers. These challenges require an integrated and forward-looking approach to sustainable urban development. Several tools and frameworks for assessing resilience have already been developed in different fields of study. However, aiming to focus on climate change, urban services and infrastructure, some specific needs were identified. In this light, a resilience assessment framework was developed to direct and facilitate an objective-driven resilience diagnosis of urban cities and services; to support decisions on selection of resilience measures and development of strategies to enhance resilience to climate change; to outline a path to co-build resilience action plans; and to track the progress of resilience in the city or in the service over time. The paper presents an outline of the structure of the framework and details the approach used in its development, including engagement tools and actions undertaken to assure stakeholder involvement in its development, validation and testing.

scholarly journals RAF Resilience Assessment Framework—A Tool to Support Cities’ Action Planning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Adriana Cardoso ◽  
Rita Salgado Brito ◽  
Cristina Pereira ◽  
Andoni Gonzalez ◽  
John Stevens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Urban Services ◽  
System A ◽  
The City ◽  
Resilience Assessment

Urban areas are dynamic, facing evolving hazards, having interacting strategic services and assets. Their management involves multiple stakeholders bringing additional complexity. Potential impacts of climate dynamics may aggravate current conditions and the appearance of new hazards. These challenges require an integrated and forward-looking approach to resilient and sustainable urban development, being essential to identify the real needs for its achievement. Several frameworks for assessing resilience have been developed in different fields. However, considering the focus on climate change and urban services, specific needs were identified, particularly in assessing strategic urban sectors and their interactions with others and with the wider urban system. A resilience assessment framework was developed directing and facilitating an objective-driven resilience diagnosis of urban cities and services. This supports the decision on selection of resilience measures and the development of strategies to enhance resilience, outlining a path to co-build resilience action plans, and to track resilience progress in the city or service over time. This paper presents the framework and the main results of its application to three cities having diverse contexts. It was demonstrated that the framework highlights where cities and urban services stand, regarding resilience to climate change, and identifies the most critical aspects to improve, including expected future impacts.

The City of Oslo in Jan Erik Vold’s Poems

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-230
Author(s):  
Raluca-Daniela Duinea
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Criticism ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Reading Technique ◽  
Social Critical ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

"The City of Oslo in Jan Erik Vold’s Poems. The aim of this paper is to examine, from a cultural and social perspective, the Norwegian urban areas and everyday situations in Jan Erik Vold’s (b. 1939) poems. Our close-reading technique reveals important social aspects, different places and streets, located in the capital city of Norway, Oslo. These urban poems written by the contemporary Norwegian poet Jan Erik Vold contribute to the reconstruction of a new Norwegian cultural identity as it is reflected in a selection of poems taken from Mor Godhjertas glade versjon. Ja (Mother Goodhearted’s Happy Version. Yes, 1968), followed by the poet’s wanderings in the city of Oslo in En som het Abel Ek (One Named Abel Ek, 1988), and concluding with his bitter social criticism in Elg (Moose, 1989) and IKKE. Skillingstrykk fra nittitallet (Not: Broadsides from the Nineties, 1993). Vold’s urban poems emphasise the transition from nyenkle (new simple), friendly and descriptive poems which present closely the city of Oslo on foot, to short, political and social critical poems from the 90s. Thus, it is of great importance to traverse various urban ‘landscapes’ in different periods of time, beginning with the 1960s, followed by the 80s and the 90s. Keywords: Jan Erik Vold, urban poems, social criticism, Norwegian urban areas, the city of Oslo "

scholarly journals Mid-21st century air quality at the urban scale under the influence of changed climate and emissions: case studies for Paris and Stockholm

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (19) ◽  
pp. 27041-27085
Author(s):  
K. Markakis ◽  
M. Valari ◽  
M. Engardt ◽  
G. Lacressonnière ◽  
R. Vautard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Daily Average ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Emission Projections ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Abstract. Ozone, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations over Paris, France and Stockholm, Sweden were modeled at 4 and 1 \\unit{km} horizontal resolutions respectively for the present and 2050 periods employing decade-long simulations. We account for large-scale global climate change (RCP-4.5) and fine resolution bottom-up emission projections developed by local experts and quantify their impact on future pollutant concentrations. Moreover, we identify biases related to the implementation of regional scale emission projections over the study areas by comparing modeled pollutant concentrations between the fine and coarse scale simulations. We show that over urban areas with major regional contribution (e.g., the city of Stockholm) the bias due to coarse emission inventory may be significant and lead to policy misclassification. Our results stress the need to better understand the mechanism of bias propagation across the modeling scales in order to design more successful local-scale strategies. We find that the impact of climate change is spatially homogeneous in both regions, implying strong regional influence. The climate benefit for ozone (daily average and maximum) is up to −5 % for Paris and −2 % for Stockholm city. The joined climate benefit on PM2.5 and PM10 in Paris is between −10 and −5 % while for Stockholm we observe mixed trends up to 3 % depending on season and size class. In Stockholm, emission mitigation leads to concentration reductions up to 15 % for daily average and maximum ozone and 20 % for PM and through a sensitivity analysis we show that this response is entirely due to changes in emissions at the regional scale. On the contrary, over the city of Paris (VOC-limited photochemical regime), local mitigation of NOx emissions increases future ozone concentrations due to ozone titration inhibition. This competing trend between the respective roles of emission and climate change, results in an increase in 2050 daily average ozone by 2.5 % in Paris. Climate and not emission change appears to be the most influential factor for maximum ozone concentration over the city of Paris, which may be particularly interesting in a health impact perspective.

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Potential Impacts Due to Urban Pluvial Floods in Badalona (Spain) in a Context of Climate Change

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽  
Luca Locatelli ◽  
María Guerrero ◽  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
Montse Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Pluvial Flooding ◽  
The City ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Pluvial flooding in Badalona (Spain) occurs during high rainfall intensity events, which in the future could be more frequent according to the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In this context, the present study aims at quantifying the potential impacts of climate change for the city of Badalona. A comprehensive pluvial flood multi risk assessment has been carried out for the entire municipality. The assessment has a twofold target: People safety, based on both pedestrians’ and vehicles’ stability, and impacts on the economic sector in terms of direct damages on properties and vehicles, and indirect damages due to businesses interruption. Risks and damages have also been assessed for the projected future rainfall conditions which enabled the comparison with the current ones, thereby estimating their potential increment. Moreover, the obtained results should be the first step to assess the efficiency of adaptation measures. The novelty of this paper is the integration of a detailed 1D/2D urban drainage model with multiple risk criteria. Although, the proposed methodology was tested for the case study of Badalona (Spain), it can be considered generally applicable to other urban areas affected by pluvial flooding.

Embedding resilience of urban areas to climate change: a case study of Rotterdam

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Anna Bilska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Network Building ◽  
The City

Abstract Climate change may have severe consequences for urban areas and many cities, such as those situated on deltas, are already threatened. The paper claims that the solution for endangered areas is the embedding of urban climate resilience. The concept of resilience is put forward to bring a broad perspective to a city with an indication that the city is a complex system with developed relations, both inward and outward. Social and institutional aspects of these relations are highlighted as they have the highest potential to make the city resilient. The paper indicates three fundamental features of embedding the resilience of urban areas to climate change: network building, a strategic approach and implementing urban projects. A practical application of these fundamental features is evaluated using the case study of Rotterdam. The research shows the reliability of these bases and indicates key characteristics of each fundamental feature: the network should be multidimensional with solid institutional and interpersonal relations, the strategy should have a holistic approach and project implementation needs the engagement of all the city actors.

Ex-ante Impact Assessment of Urban Interventions: The Sustainability Check at the Example of the City of Bottrop, Germany

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150005
Author(s):  
Marisa Fuchs ◽  
Tanja Schnittfinke ◽  
Kristina Ohlmeyer ◽  
Dietwald Gruehn ◽  
Stefan Greiving
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
The City

The effects of climate change and associated extreme weather events such as heat, storms and heavy rainfall lead to considerable damage to property and personal injury worldwide. To counteract the causes and consequences of climate change, many states, regions and cities worldwide declared the status of climate emergency in 2019. As a result, scientists and urban planners intensified their efforts to develop appropriate mechanisms and measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change and its consequences. This paper presents an informal systematic and user-driven governance instrument, which examines the ecological, social and economic effects of urban interventions – the ‘Sustainability Check’. As a target-based assessment tool, it provides decision-makers with information about the extent to which a planned intervention corresponds with future-oriented urban development. The check results from the research project ZUKUR (‘Future of the Urban Region Ruhr’), in which researchers and practitioners from the City of Bottrop (Germany) worked together in a real-world laboratory. The Sustainability Check is novel because it combines elements of an impact assessment tailored to user needs and links sustainable urban development goals with resilient and environmentally just urban development at the local level. Based on the first application, we conclude that the Sustainability Check significantly contributes to developing a future-oriented city. Adapted to the local and context-specific needs of a city, it offers systematic consideration of the requirements of sustainable, resilient and environmentally just urban development in an efficient manner and at the early-stage.

scholarly journals Revitalization Processes of Changing Geospatial in European Cities

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Control Center ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The City

Purpose. Brief retrospective analysis of the geographical component of revitalization in European cities, study of the generalized and indirect effect of the revitalization phenomenon on the geospace of urban urban systems. Results. The results of the study of revitalization processes in European cities are presented. European cities are characterized by uneven development, concentration of potential in the capital and some regional centers, as well as the increase of crisis phenomena in the periphery. We are talking about depressed territories, settlements, post-industrial cities or parts of them. That is why we consider it necessary to speak not only about the restoration of potential and improvement of socio-economic indicators in cities, but also about the large-scale implementation of urban space revitalization programs. Approaches to revitalization processes are ideally designed as processes for empowering unused urban space. At the same time, they should be aimed at ensuring the effective use of public and private financed bonds and project funds for projects from the Civic Control Center. The main requirement of the community is to begin the process of updating and involving the administration in these projects. The first round of negotiations between the authorities and society prompted the city to come up with a coherent approach aimed at the target group and at the same time agree on the financial budget and future beneficiaries. In addition to those responsible for urban planning, special roles are assigned to local departments of schools, youth, senior citizens and business development (business, marketing and investor talks). It is these areas of human and financial capital that should be responsible for urban marketing and tourism. The involvement of a restructuring trustee in project planning and development is required. Conclusion. Taking into account the geographical component (in particular the topography, vegetation, green areas), as a result of the revitalization helps to improve the quality of living environment and affects the peculiarities of the geospatial of the city. An important component of the success of a revitalization program must be public participation in discussing and solving problems to ensure sustainable urban development. Studying the experience of European cities in the area of ​​revitalization will give a new impetus to many Ukrainian cities trying to overcome the problems of deprived urban areas, including the historic central districts and mediocrity.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF RAIN GARDENS ON THE QUALITY OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF ODESSA)

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
G. V. Kyselovа ◽  
◽  
V. N. Kyselov ◽  
M. O. Kramarenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Rain Gardens ◽  
The City

The article deals with the problems of sustainable development of the urban environment, which in addition to urban and architectural aspects include the problems of urban ecology. One of the important issues that needs to be addressed is the management of urban wastewater. In the long run, it is necessary to invest in sustainable infrastructure, upgrade urban systems and plant green spaces. Stormwater management allows you to apply a comprehensive approach to solving this problem, and to increase economic efficiency city. However, investments in this problem are of a long-term nature, and alternative solution of the problem could be the arrangement of rain gardens in urban space. The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze rain gardens as part of a sustainable urban development strategy. The methodological basis of the study was a number of scientific works related to the study of issues related to the improvement of urban planning, ecology of urban areas, as well as the study of the theory of cultural landscape and the theory of the ecological frame of the city. The article deals with the world examples of gardens, the main task of which is rainwater harvesting. Based on the analysis of world experience, we can conclude that rain gardens can be designed as a separate object of landscape architecture or as an element of urban space. Modern research has shown that bio-drainage structures (consisting of large gardens and parks) can be effective for improving water quality and maintaining hydrological function, even when the air temperature drops below zero. Studies show that, with proper site analysis, careful design and responsible plant selection, bio-drainage systems can work well even in regions with cold climates. In addition to performing their basic functions, rain gardens have an aesthetic component - they are beautiful elements of decoration, walkings paths in the park, city streets, roads and public buildings.

scholarly journals Quantitative Coastal Resilience Assessment Framework under Climate Change and Sea Level Rise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Coastal Resilience ◽  
Resilience Assessment

Accompanied by increasing population growth and urban sprawl, most coastal cities are unprecedentedly vulnerable to climate change and its impacts, such as sea level rise, increasing extreme storm events, and coastal flooding. Coastal resilience and sustainable development are antidotes to vulnerability; they aim to enhance the adaptive capability of absorbing disturbances and resisting uncertainty. This study explores building a quantitative assessment framework to measure resilience and provide an objective and comparable method to understand the strengths and weaknesses in a given region. The proposed 25 resilience indicators incorporate the aspects of essential livelihood protection, infrastructure and natural resource maintenance, emergency facilities and institutions, floodplain management regulations, and adaptive planning process. Each indicator is assigned the resilience quality that includes robustness, resourcefulness, redundancy, and rapidity. The aggregated resilience quality scoring reflects the systematic performance of the city to cope with the coastal hazards. The innovative part of this framework is combining hazard mitigation measures, climate adaptation strategies, and sustainable development goals together to achieve a comprehensive assessment method. In the case of New Haven, the resilience assessment is taken as a practical monitoring tool and decision-making support.

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT THROUGH URBAN CONSOLIDATION POLICY IN SHIRAZ, IRAN

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Samzadeh ◽  
Zunaibi Abdullah ◽  
Saari Omar ◽  
Aniza Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Physical Expansion ◽  
The City ◽  
Urban Consolidation

In the past few decades, cities from various parts of the world have faced with unplanned and uncontrolled physical expansion due to inappropriate policies. Among different solutions against urban sprawl, the dominant sustainable cure is the so-called 'Urban Consolidation' (UC). This paper aims to explore urban sprawl characteristics and present its cause and effect on the sustainability criteria of Shiraz city, Iran. It is confined to an exploration of population growth and physical expansion of the city. The data has been collected from governmental organizations and documents. This paper examines UC policy implementation in the inner city of Shiraz to control low-density urban sprawl. As the result, this paper discovers that the policy emphasizes on the higher density housing development in existing urban areas considering the capacity of infrastructures and facilities’ availability prior to calculate housing targets to decrease the demand for Greenfield development. It concludes with a brief discussion on the challenges to achieve sustainable urban development goals in the city through UC strategies.

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