scholarly journals Neuro-fuzzy modeling for level prediction for the navigation sector on the Magdalena River (Colombia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Fernández ◽  
William Jaimes ◽  
Edmary Altamiranda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South America ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Fuzzy Approach ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Great Precision ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Magdalena River

The variations associated with level changes and the state of the channel in the Magdalena River in Colombia (South America) frequently affect the navigation possibilities for boats and ferries, which cause high costs for their users. For this reason, this work presents a bio-inspired model to support the decision-making concerning the navigation using a neuro-fuzzy approach developed in previous works with a novel application. Considering the average daily levels of the river registered by the limnigraphical stations from the Colombian Institute for Hydrological, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM), during the time period between 1998 and 2003 for the Puerto Salgar, Puerto Berrio, El Banco and Calamar locations, it was possible to design and establish a neuro-fuzzy hydrological model to predict with great precision the level of water in the river for the route of navigation, allowing the appropriate decision-making for Magdalena River operators to pre-determine the weight of shipment for any boat or ferry on their route. The developed model showed better performance for the forecasting than the previously established deterministic models for this specific application.

Minimizing Missed Opportunities: Modeling Relationships between the State and Business in Russia

2009 ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
A. Oleynik
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Power Domination ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Outcomes

Power involves a number of models of choice: maximizing, satisficing, coercion, and minimizing missed opportunities. The latter is explored in detail and linked to a particular type of power, domination by virtue of a constellation of interests. It is shown that domination by virtue of a constellation of interests calls for justification through references to a common good, i.e. a rent to be shared between Principal and Agent. Two sources of sub-optimal outcomes are compared: individual decision-making and interactions. Interactions organized in the form of power relationships lead to sub-optimal outcomes for at least one side, Agent. Some empirical evidence from Russia is provided for illustrative purposes.

Institutionalism: Theory, Decision-making Basis, Method of Criticism

2009 ◽  
pp. 110-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Moskovsky
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Technological Imperative ◽  
Logical Inconsistency ◽  
Basis Method

The author analyzes the state of institutional economics in contemporary Russia. It is characterized by arbitrary confusion of the ideas of «old», «new» and «mathematical» versions of institutionalism which results in logical inconsistency and even eclectics to be observed in the literature. The new and mathematical versions of institutionalism are shown to be based on legal, political and mathematical determinism tightly connected with the so-called «economic approach» (G. Becker). The main attention is paid to the discussion of theoretical and practical potential of the contemporary classical («old») institutionalism. The author focuses on its philosophical grounds and its technological imperative, the institution of science, the method of criticism, the opportunity of using classical institutionalist ideas as the ideology of economic reforms in Russia.

A Synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) in Brazil, with the Description of Two New Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
James Lucas da Costa-Lima ◽  
Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The North ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) for Brazil is presented. Six species are recognized: Dicliptera ciliaris, D. sexangularis, and D. squarrosa, widely distributed in South America; D. purpurascens, which ranges from the North Region of Brazil (in the state of Acre) to eastern Bolivia; D. gracilirama, a new species from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil; and D. granchaquenha, a new species recorded in dry and semideciduous forests in Bolivia and western Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Furthermore, we propose new synonyms and designate lectotypes for eleven names. An identification key to the six accepted Dicliptera species in Brazil is provided.

How far ethics education positively influences ethical decision making of the young lawyers in Kedah?

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Anida Mahmood ◽  
Haswira Nor Mohamad Hashim ◽  
Kamarul Ariffin Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Ethics ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Law Faculty ◽  
Ethics Course

This paper was written based on part of the findings of a survey made on young lawyers who are practicing in the state of Kedah. Young lawyers are advocates and solicitors with less than seven y ears of active practice. The objective of this study is to determine what factors positively influenced young lawyers' ethical decision making. Data was collected from /33 young lawyers who are practicing in the state of Kedah between January - June 2006 through self-administered and close- end questionnaires. The finding suggests that knowledge in professional legal ethics gained at the law faculty, pupil age and short ethics course does not contribute much to the ethical decision making of the young lawyers. Moved by this finding. this paper attempts to discuss the current legal ethics education in Malaysia. The main contention of the writers is their firm belief that the current practice of professional legal ethics education in Malaysia is insufficient and far from being adequate in producing ethical lawyers. Therefore the writers have proposed for professional legal ethics education in Malaysia to be reformed and this proposal serves as the basic premise of this paper.

Estimation of Regional Parameters in a Macro Scale Hydrological Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolbjørn Engeland ◽  
Lars Gottschalk ◽  
Lena Tallaksen
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Model Element ◽  
Regular Sampling

Macro-scale hydrological modelling implies a repeated application of a model within an area using regional parameters. These parameters are based on climate and landscape characteristics, and they are used to calculate the water balance in ungauged areas. The regional parameters ought to be robust and not too dependent of the catchment and time period used for calibration. The ECOMAG model is applied for the NOPEX-region as a macro-scale hydrological model distributed on a 2×2 km2 grid. Each model element is assigned parameters according to soil and vegetation classes. A Bayesian methodology is followed. An objective function describing the fit between observed and simulated values is used to describe the likelihood of the parameters. Using Baye's theorem these likelihoods are used to update the probability distributions of the parameters using additional data, being it either an additional year of streamflow or an additional streamflow station. Two sampling methods are used, regular sampling and Metropolis-Hastings sampling. The results show that regional parameters exist according to some predefined criteria. The probability distribution of the parameters shows a decreasing variance as data from new catchments are used for updating. A few parameters do, however, not exhibit this property, and they are therefore not suitable in a regional context.

scholarly journals Pleistocene Mammals from Pampean Region (Argentina). Biostratigraphic, Biogeographic, and Environmental Implications

Quaternary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
José Luis Prado ◽  
María Teresa Alberdi ◽  
Jonathan Bellinzoni
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
South American ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Pampean Region ◽  
Mammalian Faunas ◽  
Pleistocene Mammals ◽  
Fossil Records

The Pampean Region contains sedimentary sequences with abundant mammal fossil records, which constitute the chronological outline of the Plio–Pleistocene of South America. These classic localities have been used for more than a century to correlate with other South American regions. Throughout this time, a series of misinterpretations have appeared. To understand the stratigraphic significance of these localities and the geochronological situation of each unit referring to the Pleistocene, a critical historical study of the antecedents was carried out, evaluating the state of each unit. The biostratigraphic studies of the Pampean Region’s mammalian faunas improved the understanding of biogeographic changes taking into account the environmental fluctuations of the Pleistocene.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document