Finite volume model for the simulation of 1D unsteady river flow and water quality based on the WASP

Abstract In this work, a one-dimensional (1D) finite volume numerical model for the unsteady simulation of the flow hydrodynamics and water quality is developed. The water dynamics is formulated with the 1D shallow water equations, and the water quality evolution is described by the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) model, allowing us to interpret and predict the transport and fate of various biochemical substances along any river reach. This combined system is solved with an explicit finite volume scheme based on Roe's linearization for the advection component of both the flow and the solute transport equations. The proposed model is able to consider temporal variations in tributaries and abstractions occurring in the river basin. This feature is transcendent in order to predict the chemical composition of natural water bodies during winter and summer periods, leading to an improvement in the agreement between computed and observed water quality evolutions. The combined model has been evaluated using literature tests in a steady state and a real-field case of the Ebro river (Spain), characterized by a marked unsteady regime. In the real case, we found that the water temperature was very sensitive to both the solar radiation and the average air temperature, requiring a careful calibration of these parameters. The numerical results are also demonstrated to be reasonably accurate, conservative and robust in real-scale field cases, showing that the model is able to predict the evolution of quality parameters as well as hydrodynamic variables in complex scenarios.

Download Full-text

Researchof Water Quality and its Chemical Parameters by Titration Method and Instrumenal Method

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.f1176.0486s419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6S4) ◽

pp. 871-874

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Water Samples ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Instrumental Method ◽

Titration Method ◽

Dissolved Solids

he water quality analysis is an important aspect in understanding the behavior of water and what can they be used for. This study gives us a valuable information on the general properties of water quality parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, Bicarbonate, Sulfate, Nitrate, chloride etc. of the study area . Water samples were analyzed at the water quality lab. NIH, Roorkee for pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. The pH of water varied from 7.14 to 7.75. The electrical conductivity (EC) of sample falls from 620µS/cm to 2000µS/cm. The overall total dissolved solids in water of study area varied from 120mg/l to 900mg/l. Overall the range of the Chloride in water of the study area tend to falls between 13mg/l to 375mg/l. Sulfate of all the water samples that were collected from the study area have ranged from 28mg/l to 250mg .The range of the Bicarbonate of all the water samples varied from 320mg/l to 1051mg/l. The study area helps to know about water quality parameters and how to find their values by usingtwo methods : 1) titration method 2) instrumental method .It also helps us to apply these water quality parameters in ArcGis. It helps us to show the values of different parameters in different blocks ofambala for different years In this we have studied different blocks of ambala district Haryana .We have taken the samples from different places from the blocks and also samples are from wells, canal , rivers, ponds.

Download Full-text

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea

Water ◽

10.3390/w12123407 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3407

Author(s):

Han-Sun Ryu ◽

Heejung Kim ◽

Jin-Yong Lee ◽

Jiwook Jang ◽

Sangwook Park

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Dry Season ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Karst Water ◽

Seasonal Characteristics ◽

Microbial Characteristics ◽

Spatio Temporal

This study analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and microbial communities of karst water in Samcheok, Korea, and compared water quality results to identify the seasonal characteristics and hydrogeological connectivity of the study areas of Hamaengbang-ri, Gyogok-ri, Yeosam-ri, and the downtown area of Samcheok. Field survey and water quality analysis were performed in July 2019, February 2020, and April 2020. Hydrochemical analysis of karst water (groundwater and surface water) showed that most samples were comprised of Ca-HCO3 and that water–rock interactions were a dominant factor compared to precipitation and evaporation (crystallization). For seasonal characteristics, water–rock interactions appeared more active in the dry season than in the rainy season. Calcite weathering was dominant in the dry season, whereas dolomite weathering dominated the rainy season. Moreover, the saturation indexes for the dry and rainy seasons were less than and greater than 0, respectively, corresponding to an unsaturation (oversaturation) state; thus, white precipitate distributed in the study areas was deposited in the rainy season. Finally, as a result of analyzing the hydraulic characteristics between regions, hydrogeological similarities were identified between Hamaengbang-ri and Yeosam-ri, and between Gyogok-ri and downtown Samcheok, which suggested hydrogeological connectivity between each of the pairs.

Download Full-text

Monitoring Water Quality of Valle de Bravo Reservoir, Mexico, Using Entire Lifespan of MERIS Data and Machine Learning Approaches

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12101586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1586

Author(s):

Leonardo F. Arias-Rodriguez ◽

Zheng Duan ◽

Rodrigo Sepúlveda ◽

Sergio I. Martinez-Martinez ◽

Markus Disse

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Remote Sensing ◽

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Parameters Estimation ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Effects Of Drought

Remote-sensing-based machine learning approaches for water quality parameters estimation, Secchi Disk Depth (SDD) and Turbidity, were developed for the Valle de Bravo reservoir in central Mexico. This waterbody is a multipurpose reservoir, which provides drinking water to the metropolitan area of Mexico City. To reveal the water quality status of inland waters in the last decade, evaluation of MERIS imagery is a substantial approach. This study incorporated in-situ collected measurements across the reservoir and remote sensing reflectance data from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS). Machine learning approaches with varying complexities were tested, and the optimal model for SDD and Turbidity was determined. Cross-validation demonstrated that the satellite-based estimates are consistent with the in-situ measurements for both SDD and Turbidity, with R2 values of 0.81 to 0.86 and RMSE of 0.15 m and 0.95 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). The best model was applied to time series of MERIS images to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of the reservoir’s water quality from 2002 to 2012. Derived analysis revealed yearly patterns caused by dry and rainy seasons and several disruptions were identified. The reservoir varied from trophic to intermittent hypertrophic status, while SDD ranged from 0–1.93 m and Turbidity up to 23.70 NTU. Results suggest the effects of drought events in the years 2006 and 2009 on water quality were correlated with water quality detriment. The water quality displayed slow recovery through 2011–2012. This study demonstrates the usefulness of satellite observations for supporting inland water quality monitoring and water management in this region.

Download Full-text

Real-time water quality monitoring through Internet of Things and ANOVA-based analysis: a case study on river Krishna

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-019-1111-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Prasad M. Pujar ◽

Harish H. Kenchannavar ◽

Raviraj M. Kulkarni ◽

Umakant P. Kulkarni

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Internet Of Things ◽

Real Time ◽

River Basin ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Water Quality Analysis

AbstractIn this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a statistical model based on Internet of Things (IoT) for water quality analysis of river Krishna using different water quality parameters such as pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids and conductivity. These parameters are very important to assess the water quality of the river. The water quality data were collected from six stations of river Krishna in the state of Karnataka. River Krishna is the fourth largest river in India with approximately 1400 km of length and flows from its origin toward Bay of Bengal. In our study, we have considered only stretch of river Krishna flowing in state of Karnataka, i.e., length of about 483 km. In recent years, the mineral-rich river basin is subjected to rapid industrialization, thus polluting the river basin. The river water is bound to get polluted from various pollutants such as the urban waste water, agricultural waste and industrial waste, thus making it unusable for anthropogenic activities. The traditional manual technique that is under use is a very slow process. It requires staff to collect the water samples from the site and take them to the laboratory and then perform the analysis on various water parameters which is costly and time-consuming process. The timely information about water quality is thus unavailable to the people in the river basin area. This creates a perfect opportunity for swift real-time water quality check through analysis of water samples collected from the river Krishna. IoT is one of the ways with which real-time monitoring of water quality of river Krishna can be done in quick time. In this paper, we have emphasized on IoT-based water quality monitoring by applying the statistical analysis for the data collected from the river Krishna. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and two-way ANOVA were applied for the data collected, and found that one-way ANOVA was more effective in carrying out water quality analysis. The hypotheses that are drawn using ANOVA were used for water quality analysis. Further, these analyses can be used to train the IoT system so that it can take the decision whenever there is abnormal change in the reading of any of the water quality parameters.

Download Full-text

Determination of the Environmental Flow Using the Modern Optimization Methods for Release Flow based on Game Theory

10.21203/rs.3.rs-887234/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Foroughian ◽

Ehsan Derikvand ◽

Hossein Eslami ◽

Saeb Khoshnavaz

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Game Theory ◽

River Flow ◽

Optimization Methods ◽

Environmental Flow ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Base Flow ◽

Water Release ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Good Potential

Abstract To prevent environmental risks and preserve water quality, it is necessary to determine the environmental flow of rivers. Water release from reservoirs can be used to determine the environmental flow and water quality at the downstream of a dam. In this study, considering the quantitative and qualitative objectives, water release from Dez dam was suggested as a way for preserving the environment of river. To identify the optimal release flow of Dam, an environmental zone was determined using the hydrological methods of Tennant and aquatic base flow. The Qual-2k model was used to simulate 6 quality parameters in River. The results proved its good potential for simulation of the studied quality parameters including BOD. The optimal river flow was determined by Game theory, and different qualitative and quantitative scenarios were studied using the Nash multiplying function. The results showed, with increases in qualitative and quantitative objectives of the problem, the optimal release flows are decreased and increased, respectively.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Variation in Water Quality Index (WQI) of Groundwater in North Goa, India

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.11.1.05 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gopal Krishan ◽

C. P. Kumar ◽

B.K. Purandara ◽

Surjeet Singh ◽

N. C Ghosh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Future Planning ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Domestic Use

A water quality index (WQI) is a tool which numerically summarizes the information from multiple water quality parameters into a single value and this information can be used to assess spatial and temporal variations in overall water quality. However, these indices are time and region specific and may be influenced by local factors. In the present study, water quality index has been worked out to assess the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater quality status for future planning and management of North Goa. Data of 19 groundwater samples were collected in the year 2005 during January, March and April, are used for the analysis. The Water Quality Index has been computed using four parameters viz. pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness and Chloride. The WQI results show that the overall water quality class is ‘good’ and water is acceptable for domestic use.

Download Full-text

ASSESSING WATER QUALITY OF BOYALI DAM LAKE (SINOP, TURKEY) BY USING ECOLOGICAL AND STATISTICAL INDICATORS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus ◽

10.15576/asp.fc/2021.20.1.77 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 77-85

Author(s):

Ekrem Mutlu ◽

◽

Naime Arslan ◽

Cem Tokatli ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

World Health ◽

Water Quality Control ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

Quality Material

Aim of the study: In the present study, the spatial – temporal variations of water quality in Boyalı Pond were analyzed. Water Quality Index (WQI) based on the World Health Organization's standards specified for drinking water, and Water Quality Control Regulations in Turkey (WQCR), as well as certain multi-statistical methods, were used in analyzing the water quality. Material and methods: Water samples were collected from 5 stations selected in the lake on monthly basis in 2019 and 30 water quality parameters were measured in total. Water Quality Index (WQI), Factor Analysis (FA), and Cluster Analysis (CA) were used in order to determine the differences between the spatial and temporal quality levels and to classify the investigated locations. Results and conclusions: According to data observed, Boyalı Dam Lake was found to have Class I and Class II water quality in general the WQI results obtained suggested that, although the water quality was found to significantly decrease in summer months, the reservoir was found to have an "A Grade – Excellent" water quality (<50) in all the months and stations analyzed here. WQI values recorded in the dam lake ranged between 16.4 and 27.8 and the detected limnologic parameters did not exceed the standards specified for drinking water in any of the investigated months and stations (<50 for WQI). As a result of FA, 3 factors explained 88.9% of total variances and as a result of CA, 2 statistical clusters were formed.

Download Full-text

Spatial Distribution of Water Quality Parameters with using Gis

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.b6863.129219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 3936-3941

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Calcium Magnesium

The present paper describes the application of GIS to study the spatial and temporal variations of some important water quality parameters in the Veeranam tank drainage basin of cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, South India. The water quality parameters were depicted by various colour combinations for different ranges of concentrations. Twenty four (24) groundwater samples were collected from bore wells for two different seasons, pre monsoon in July 2015 and postmonsoon in January 2016. The collected water samples were analyzed for chemical constituents, such as chloride, sulphate, bicarbonate, carbonate, nitrate, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium in the laboratory, by following the standard procedures described by the American Public Health Association (APHA 1998). Spatial distribution map for Electrical conductivity, Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphate and Chloride in pre-monsoon and post monsoon samples was generated by ArcGIS 9.3 software. The study implies that the quality of groundwater is generally good and potable in the nearby Veeranam lake and the quality becomes moderate as it passes away from Veeranam tank of the study area.

Download Full-text

Extracting the spatio-temporal linkages between land use/land cover and water quality parameters using spatio-temporal weighted regression

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2018.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 205-218

Author(s):

Farid Karimipour ◽

Arash Madadi ◽

Mohammad Hosein Bashough

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽

Weighted Regression ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Spatio Temporal

Abstract Studies in water quality management have indicated significant relationships between land use/land cover (LULC) variables and water quality parameters. Thus, understanding this linkage is essential in protecting and developing water resources. This article extends the conventional geographical weighted regression (GWR) to a temporal version in order to take both spatial and temporal variations of such linkages into account, which has been ignored by many of the previous efforts. The approach has been evaluated for total nitrates and nitrites' concentration as the case study. For this, observations of 45 water quality sampling stations were examined in a time interval of 20 years (1992–2011), and the linkages between LULC variables and NO2 + NO3 concentration were extracted through Pearson correlation coefficient as a global regression model, the conventional geographic weighted regression, and the proposed spatio-temporal weighted regression (STWR). Comparing the results based on two global criteria of goodness-of-fitness (R2) and residual sum of squares (RSS) verifies that the simultaneous consideration of spatial and temporal variations by STWR substantially improves the results.

Download Full-text

Assessment of emerging hydrological, water quality issues and policy discussion on water sharing of transboundary Kabul River

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2017.119 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 650-672 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shahid Mehmood Akhtar ◽

Javed Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

River Flow ◽

Remote Sensing Data ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Water Sharing ◽

Permissible Limits ◽

Emerging Issues ◽

Quality Issues ◽

Kabul River

Transboundary water sharing policy between Pakistan and Afghanistan along with emerging issues over the Transboundary Kabul River have been discussed incorporating long-term hydrological trend analysis, water quality issues and temporal changes in land cover/land use. The annual (1977–2015) mean river flow of 26.32 billion (109) cubic metres (BCM) with a range of 13.77 to 42.2 BCM and standard deviation of 6.026 BCM revealed no significant trend in annual inflow data of the Kabul River. Afghanistan planned developments in the basin were analysed in the light of reduction in the transboundary flow. Faecal coliforms, pH (7.90 to 8.06), Escherichia coli and other water quality parameters were found to be within permissible limits, however, dissolved oxygen was just above the permissible limits to sustain aquatic life. Water was found unsuitable for drinking while suitable for agriculture and aquatic life. Remote sensing data used for temporal change detection showed an increase in built-up-areas and cultivated areas along Kabul River inside Pakistan by 50 and 47%, respectively. Significant changes were observed at two locations in the river course. Insights of emerging Kabul River issues and a way forward have been discussed which could serve as the basis for formulation of adaption strategies leading to a ‘Kabul River Water Treaty’.

Download Full-text