Sewage treatment efficacy and heavy metal removal in moving bed biofilm based treatment plants of northern India

Moving bed biofilm reactor based sewage treatment plants (STPs) have been installed in northern India over the last decade. As such, there are no performance evaluation studies of this technology in the region. Evaluation of four such STPs was carried out in terms of removal efficiencies of physico-chemical parameters, microbiological parameters and heavy metals. Results showed that the average chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal of all STPs ranged from 74 to 91%, 81 to 95%, 79 to 93%, 44 to 80% and 58 to 85%, respectively. Total and thermotolerant (faecal) coliform in the influent and effluent of STPs ranged from 1.5 × 104 to 9.3 × 107 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL and 0 MPN/mL to 2,400 MPN/mL, respectively. Heavy metal concentration (nickel, zinc, cadmium, iron, lead, chromium, and copper) in effluent samples of all the STPs was below Indian discharge limits except lead. Integrated efficiency (IE) of the STPs was also evaluated and the results showed that the actual IE of all STPs was 0–10% larger than standard IE, indicating the suitability of the technology in the region.

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Performance and modeling of a moving bed biofilm process: nickel and chromium heavy metal removal from industrial wastewater

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra24259f ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (114) ◽

pp. 113737-113744 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sepideh AghaBeiki ◽

Ali Shokuhi Rad ◽

Ali Shokrolahzadeh

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽

Moving Bed ◽

Biofilm Process

The process of a lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) using simulated sugar-manufacturing wastewater as feed was investigated.

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Sulfate disinfection, stabilisation and heavy metal removal from sewage sludge – process description and preliminary results

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2002.0356 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 287-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Lowrie ◽

J. Hobson ◽

D.C. Stuckey

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Electron Flow ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Hybrid Reactor ◽

Pathogen Removal ◽

Primary Sludge ◽

Preliminary Results

A new, closed loop process for the disinfection, stabilisation and removal of heavy metal from sewage sludge (consisting of a sludge/sulfuric acid reactor, hybrid H2S generator and H2S bioscrubber) is described. Preliminary results for total solids (TS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), acetate and propionate destruction in the hybrid H2S generator have shown that digestion efficiency is not compromised in a hybrid reactor generating H2S compared to a methanogenic reactor. 70% of the electron flow in the hybrid H2S generator was diverted to methane at a COD:SO4 ratio of 5.45:1. Enough H2SO4 could be generated from the H2S emitted at this ratio to effect sufficient metal solubilisation and pathogen removal from primary sludge.

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Heavy Metal Removal from Domestic Wastewater Employing Live Eichhornia Crassipes

SAMRIDDHI A Journal of Physical Sciences Engineering and Technology ◽

10.18090/samriddhi.v9i01.8337 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

Lal Ji Verma ◽

Pramod Kumar Singh ◽

Saurav Ambastha

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Root Zone ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Pollution Source ◽

Wastewater Purification

This study uses naturally growing water hyacinth for wastewater purification system, this is an alternative technique of heavy metal remediation. These plants enhance the removal of pollutants by consuming part of them in the form of the plant nutrients. The vascular plants cultured in such treatment system perform several functions, including assimilation and storing contaminates, transporting O2 to root zone, and providing a substrate for microbial activity, canal containing floating macrophytes. This applies to municipal wastewater, in particular, where treatment units of different size can be applied at the pollution source and consumes less energy for the running. The effectiveness of wastewater purification by different plants was tested on laboratory and pilot scales. The aquatic plants system offers an environmentally friendly and cost effective technology, which have been used for removing Cadmium, Iron and Copper from wastewater. Batch experiments verified that the plants are capable of decreasing all tested indicators for water quality to levels that permit the use of purified water for irrigation, which poses serious problems in various locations throughout the country. It is shown that mixture of wastewater from in front of Gautam Budha University canal/ Greater Noida’s canal wastewater and Galgotias University sewage treatment plants. The removal efficiency of the Cadmium, Iron and Copper is 74.52%, 75.31% and 67.75% in greater Noida’s canal and 73.72%, 74.99 % and 68.37% in Galgotias University’s wastewater respectively.

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Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater in a Modified Packed Bed Biofilm Reactor

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0155462 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e0155462 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Shohreh Azizi ◽

Ilunga Kamika ◽

Memory Tekere

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Biofilm Reactor

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Heavy Metal Removal Investigation in Conventional Activated Sludge Systems

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-2020-03091484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 470-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Magdi Buaisha ◽

Saziye Balku ◽

Şeniz Özalp Yaman

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Industrial Plant ◽

Final Effluent

The combination of industrial and domestic wastewater in municipal WWTPs (waste water treatment plants) may be economically profitable, but it increases the difficulty of treatment, and also has some detrimental effects on the biomass and causes a low-quality final effluent. The present study evaluates the treatment process both in the presence and absence of heavy metals using ASM3 (activated sludge model no.3) so as to improve the model by means of incorporating other novel inhibitory kinetic and settler models. The results reveal that the presence of heavy metal, a case study for copper and cadmium at a concentration of 0.7 mgL−1 in a biological treatment system has a negative effect on heterotrophic bacteria concentration by 25.00 %, and 8.76 % respectively. Meanwhile, there are no important changes in COD (chemical oxygen demand), SS (total suspended solids) and TN (total nitrogen) in the final effluent in the conventional system. However, all these parameters are acceptable and consistent with EU Commission Directives. The results indicate that ASM3 can predict and provide an opportunity of the operation for an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant that receives the effluent from an industrial plant.

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Potential of integrated vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetland with native plants for sewage treatment under different hydraulic loading rates

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.217 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 434-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xuan Cuong Nguyen ◽

Dinh Duc Nguyen ◽

Nguyen Thi Loan ◽

Soon Woong Chang

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetland ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Ammonium Nitrogen ◽

Horizontal Flow ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Probable Number ◽

Loading Rates ◽

Hydraulic Loading

In this study, a pilot-scale integrated constructed wetland with vertical flow (VF) and horizontal flow (HF) in series was designed and investigated to evaluate sewage wastewater treatment capacity. The VF unit was planted with Canna indica and was 1.2 m long, 1.2 m wide, and 1.2 m high; whereas the HF unit contained Colocasia esculenta and was 3.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 1.0 m high. The system was operated under different hydraulic loading rates (HLRs) of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.15 m/d. The effluent concentrations differed as HLR changed, and the means were total suspended solids (TSS): 87 mg/L; biological oxygen demand (BOD5): 31 mg/L; chemical oxygen demand (CODCr): 59 mg/L; ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N): 5.3 mg/L; nitrate nitrogen NO3-N: 8.4 mg/L; total nitrogen (TN): 7.1 mg/L; phosphate (PO4-P): 0.9 mg/L; and total coliforms (TCol): 1,485 most probable number (MPN)/100 mL. The average removal efficiencies for TSS, BOD5, TN, NH4-N, PO4-P, and TCol were 28.3, 74.9, 79, 76.2, 3.6, and 82%, respectively. There were significant differences in the effluent concentrations among the three HLRs (P < 0.05), except for PO4-P.

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