Understanding values of sanitation users: examining preferences and behaviors for sanitation systems

Abstract Sanitation policy and development has undergone a paradigm shift away from supply-driven toward behavioral-based demand-driven approaches. This shift to increase sanitation demand requires multiple stakeholders with varying degrees of interest, knowledge, and capacity. Currently, the design of appropriate sanitation technology disconnects user preference integration from sanitation technology design, resulting in fewer sanitation technologies being adopted and used. This research examines how preferences for specific attributes of appropriate sanitation technologies and implementation arrangements influence their adoption and usage. Data collected included interviews of 1,002 sanitation users living in a peri-urban area of South Africa; the surveyed respondents were asked about their existing sanitation technology, their preferences for various sanitation technology design attributes, as well as their perspectives on current and preferred sanitation implementation arrangements. The data revealed that user acceptability of appropriate sanitation technology is influenced by the adoption classification of the users. Statistically significant motives and barriers to sanitation usage showed a differentiation between users who share private sanitation from those who use communal sanitation facilities. The user acceptability of appropriate sanitation systems is dependent on the technical design attributes of sanitation. The development of utility functions detailed the significance of seven technical design attributes and determined their respective priorities.

Download Full-text

Diagnoses, Dimensions, and DSM-5

The Oxford Handbook of Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195366884.013.0013 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 254-279

Author(s):

Thomas A. Widiger ◽

Maryanne Edmundson

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Statistical Manual ◽

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽

Dsm 5 ◽

Dimensional Classification ◽

Diagnosis And Classification

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III) is often said to have provided a significant paradigm shift in how psychopathology is diagnosed. The authors of DSM-5 have the empirical support and the opportunity to lead the field of psychiatry to a comparably bold new future in diagnosis and classification. The purpose of this chapter is to address the validity of the categorical and dimensional models for the classification and diagnosis of psychopathology. Considered in particular will be research concerning substance use disorders, mood disorders, and personality disorders. Limitations and concerns with respect to a dimensional classification of psychopathology are also considered. The chapter concludes with a recommendation for a conversion to a more quantitative, dimensional classification of psychopathology.

Download Full-text

Physiotherapists knowledge, attitude, perception and practice of the International classification of function (ICF), disability and health in Gert Sibande district, Mpumalanga Province; South Africa

Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.1255 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 ◽

pp. e538-e539

Author(s):

T. Nadasan ◽

P. Reddy ◽

P. Reddy

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

International Classification ◽

Disability And Health ◽

Mpumalanga Province

Download Full-text

Introduction of a new AAC symbol classification system: the multidimensional quaternary symbol continuum (MQSC)

Journal of Enabling Technologies ◽

10.1108/jet-04-2021-0024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Eliada Pampoulou ◽

Donald R. Fuller

Keyword(s):

Peer Review ◽

Classification System ◽

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Social Issues ◽

Content Type ◽

Design Attributes ◽

Wide Range ◽

Current Classification ◽

Symbol Classification

PurposeWhen the augmentative and alternative communication (ACC) model (Lloyd et al., 1990) was proposed, these components of symbols were not considered, nor were they contemplated when superordinate (Lloyd and Fuller, 1986) and subordinate levels (Fuller et al., 1992) of AAC symbol taxonomy were developed. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the ACC model and propose a new symbol classification system called multidimensional quaternary symbol continuum (MQSC)Design/methodology/approachThe field of AAC is evolving at a rapid rate in terms of its clinical, social, research and theoretical underpinnings. Advances in assessment and intervention methods, technology and social issues are all responsible to some degree for the significant changes that have occurred in the field of AAC over the last 30 years. For example, the number of aided symbol collections has increased almost exponentially over the past couple of decades. The proliferation of such a large variety of symbol collections represents a wide range of design attributes, physical attributes and linguistic characteristics for aided symbols and design attributes and linguistic characteristics for unaided symbols.FindingsTherefore, it may be time to revisit the AAC model and more specifically, one of its transmission processes referred to as the means to represent.Originality/valueThe focus of this theoretical paper then, is on the current classification of symbols, issues with respect to the current classification of symbols in terms of ambiguity of terminology and the evolution of symbols, and a proposal for a new means of classifying the means to represent.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon10.1108/JET-04-2021-0024

Download Full-text

The taxonomy, biogeography and conservation of the myrmecophilous Chrysoritis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in South Africa

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v46i2.69 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.F. Terblanche ◽

H. Van Hamburg

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

National Parks ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Butterfly Species ◽

Conservation Action ◽

Research Fields ◽

Species Lists ◽

Species Groups ◽

Valuable Role

The relevance and integration of scientific knowledge to conservation management of the locally popular and highly endemic butterfly genus Chrysoritis are investigated within the research fields of taxonomy and biogeography. The butterfly genus Chrysoritis contains at least 41 species endemic to South Africa. The taxonomy of Chrysoritis has reached a state where revisions could easily result in a plethora of names between “lumping and splitting”. In practice, the state of the taxonomy of these butterflies on species level may alter their conservation priority. The two most species rich species groups in Chrysoritis have different centres of endemism, however, a butterfly atlas becomes a necessity to reveal more about their biogeography. There is an absence of butterfly species lists in many of our National Parks and Nature Reserves. Legislation should facilitate rather than limit the valuable role of the amateur lepidopterist to add distribution records. In turn, the amateur lepidopterists should adapt and make an effort to explore unknown localities, apart from monitoring butterflies at their well-known localities. The red listing of localised butterflies in South Africa, including a number of Chrysoritis species, is in need of an urgent review in the light of the most recent IUCN categories. A species such as Chrysoritis dicksoni should be protected by law - but at its known localities. The scenario that real conservation action is only needed if the last known locality of a butterfly is threatened, should be abolished. A paradigm shift to conserve the metapopulations of the highly endemic Chrysoritis genus and not merely a few of its species as items that appear on lists, seems necessary.

Download Full-text

Developing partnerships in a paradigm shift to achieve conservation reality in South Africa

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v43i1.205 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Els ◽

J. Du P. Bothma

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Community Development ◽

Rural Community ◽

Wildlife Management ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Management Policy ◽

Rural Community Development ◽

The Social

In South Africa, communal rural community development has, for the most part, been viewed as an add-on, rather than as an integral value in the broad spectrum of conservation activities being practised in the country. This paper, therefore, argues for the reality-based adoption of an extension of existing conservation paradigms to incorporate the development of communal rural communities as an integral part of the overall wildlife conservation and management policy in South Africa. The answer to the seeming contradiction in the focus of wildlife conservation and rural development lies in the devel- opment of wildlife management programmes based on multi-disciplinary and multiinstitutional interaction, by also harnessing scientific knowledge and skills found in the social sciences. In this manner, the present largely lip service related to so-called com- munity participation in wildlife management can be changed into programmes which really achieve conservation-based community development enhancing survival for both the communities and their inherent natural resources.

Download Full-text

Missional theology and social development

HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies ◽

10.4102/hts.v63i3.244 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. Jurgens Hendriks

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Social Development ◽

Paradigm Shift ◽

Development Work ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Missional Theology ◽

God's Mission ◽

Point Of Departure ◽

The Church

The article describes a theological paradigm shift taking place in congregations in South Africa that empower them to become involved in development work as a way of serving their neighbor. It also opens the possibility of working interdisciplinary without compromising theological and faith values. The perspectives and assumptions of the new paradigm are outlined and the basic methodology of doing theology is described. The new paradigm is a missional one, taking the focus on God as its point of departure and describing the identity and purpose of the church by looking at God’s identity and plan or mission with creation and humankind. Social development is seen as being in line with God’s mission and as such the church should not have difficulty in working with those who pursue the same goals.

Download Full-text

The legal position on the classification of human tissue in South Africa: Can tissues be owned?

South African Journal of Bioethics and Law ◽

10.7196/sajbl.258 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Safia Mahomed ◽

Melodie Nöthling-Slabbert ◽

Michael S Pepper

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Human Tissue ◽

Legal Position

Download Full-text

A phytosociological classification of the Rustenburg Nature Reser ve

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v11i4.1502 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 561-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. J. Coetzee

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Vegetation Types ◽

Habitat Features ◽

Community Types

I he vegetation of the Rustenburg Nature Reserve, situated on the Magaliesberg in Acocks’s (1953) Sour Bushveld veld Type ot South Africa, is classified by the Braun-Blanquet Method. Five major vegetation types, including mam subtypes, basic community types, variations and sub-variations are described floristically, physiognomically and in terms of habitat features. The vegetation is mapped at community tvpe and variation level, at a scale of 1 : 30 000.

Download Full-text

Classification of a member in terms of healthcare risk

South African Journal of Business Management ◽

10.4102/sajbm.v35i4.665 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

A. De Villiers ◽

C. A. Van Der Merwe ◽

T. J. Van Wyk Kotze

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Important Risk Factor ◽

Healthcare Programme ◽

Playing Fields ◽

Preventative Healthcare

Legislation by government has changed the playing fields in the medical scheme industry in South Africa. Medical schemes can no longer choose their members or discriminate against members who claim more than projected amounts. Only those medical schemes that are able to manage their risk optimally, will ultimately survive.In the research it was established that the number of chronic beneficiaries in a family is an important risk factor if a member is classified into a normal claim category or an above-normal claim category. The medical schemes should make sure that they have systems in place to manage the health of such beneficiaries holistically. This group of individuals is ideally suited for a preventative healthcare programme.

Download Full-text