scholarly journals Precipitation barycenter and relationship to the spatial distribution of station networks on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhua Ling ◽  
Hongbao Han ◽  
Lili Yu ◽  
Shinan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Network Density ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Station Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract A precipitation barycenter reflects the overall spatial distribution and long-term evolution of regional precipitation. Understanding the changes in precipitation barycenter has significant implications for drought management, flood control, and water resource management. This paper analyzed the distribution and transfer of monthly, interannual, and interdecadal precipitation barycenter on the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (‘3H’ Plain). We also discussed the influence of the station network spatial distribution on the changes in precipitation barycenter. The results were as follows: (1) The trajectory of the monthly precipitation barycenter on the ‘3H’ Plain was generally ‘8’-shaped. The rainy and dry season precipitation barycenters were located in the upper and lower parts of the ‘8’-shaped, respectively. (2) In the past 60 years, the interannual precipitation barycenter had a trend of moving southwest, but the trend was not apparent. (3) Station network density and uniformity dominated the changes in precipitation barycenter, showing positive correlations. When the station network density was large and exceeded a certain range, the influence of station network density on the changes in precipitation barycenter decreased.

scholarly journals Long-term evolution of the heliospheric magnetic field inferred from cosmogenic 44Ti activity in meteorites

2018 ◽  
Vol 610 ◽  
pp. A28 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mancuso ◽  
C. Taricco ◽  
P. Colombetti ◽  
S. Rubinetti ◽  
N. Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Galactic Cosmic Rays ◽  
Sunspot Activity ◽  
Cosmogenic Isotopes ◽  
Heliospheric Magnetic Field ◽  
The Past ◽  
Term Evolution

Typical reconstructions of historic heliospheric magnetic field (HMF) BHMF are based on the analysis of the sunspot activity, geomagnetic data or on measurement of cosmogenic isotopes stored in terrestrial reservoirs like trees (14C) and ice cores (10Be). The various reconstructions of BHMF are however discordant both in strength and trend. Cosmogenic isotopes, which are produced by galactic cosmic rays impacting on meteoroids and whose production rate is modulated by the varying HMF convected outward by the solar wind, may offer an alternative tool for the investigation of the HMF in the past centuries. In this work, we aim to evaluate the long-term evolution of BHMF over a period covering the past twenty-two solar cycles by using measurements of the cosmogenic 44Ti activity (τ1∕2 = 59.2 ± 0.6 yr) measured in 20 meteorites which fell between 1766 and 2001. Within the given uncertainties, our result is compatible with a HMF increase from 4.87-0.30+0.24 nT in 1766 to 6.83-0.11+0.13 nT in 2001, thus implying an overall average increment of 1.96-0.35+0.43 nT over 235 years since 1766 reflecting the modern Grand maximum. The BHMF trend thus obtained is then compared with the most recent reconstructions of the near-Earth HMF strength based on geomagnetic, sunspot number, and cosmogenic isotope data.

scholarly journals Universal constraints on protein evolution in the long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Maddamsetti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Evolution ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Protein Thermostability ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Evolution Experiment ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractAlthough it is well known that highly expressed and highly interacting proteins evolve slowly across the tree of life, there is little consensus for why this is true. Here, I report that highly abundant and highly interacting proteins evolve slowly in the hypermutator populations of Lenski’s long-term evolution experiment with E. coli (LTEE). Specifically, the density of observed mutations per gene, as measured in metagenomic time series covering 60,000 generations of the LTEE, strongly anti-correlates with mRNA abundance, protein abundance, and degree of protein-protein interaction. Weaker positive correlations between protein thermostability and mutation density are observed in the hypermutator populations, counterbalanced by negative correlations between protein thermostability and mRNA and protein abundance. These results show that universal constraints on protein evolution are visible in data spanning three decades of experimental evolution. Therefore, it should be possible to design experiments to answer why highly expressed and highly interacting proteins evolve slowly.

scholarly journals Hydrological Studies of the Dniester Estuary in 2012-2017

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Water Transparency ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Influence Effect ◽  
Standard Techniques

Purpose. The study of the features of long-term changes of the Dniester Estuary hydrological regime main characteristics in 2012-2017 based on the results of annual surveys performed by Odessa National I. I. Mechnikov University. Methods. Measuring of the water transparency, temperature and electrical conductivity in the surface and near-bottom layers were carried out using standard techniques with Secchi disk and portable HACH analyser with temperature and conductivity sensors. Results. Based on the studies performed, almost two times decrease in water transparency values in summer of 2012-2017 has been established compared with the same period of 2003-2011. It was shown that the maximum transparency values were observed in the southern part of the estuary, where the presence of seawater is almost constant. Analysis of electrical conductivity spatial distribution has revealed practically constant influence effect of seawater intrusion in the southern part of the estuary, especially in the bottom layer, and periodical influence effect in the middle and northern parts. Significant increasing of the range of water temperature and electrical conductivity variations in the Dniester Estuary has been recorded in summer 2012-2017 comparison with summer 2003-2011. Conclusions. The established peculiarities of hydrological characteristics’ spatial distribution indicate that river discharge and intrusion of marine water are the most important factors determining the Dniester Estuary hydrological regime. Increase of temperature and conductivity of the Dniester Estuary water in summer 2012-2017 in comparison with 2003-2011 was registered. An anomalous penetration of marine waters into most part of the estuary was detected in July 2016, which in the past was observed for the last time in 2011.

scholarly journals Phenological behavior of Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica) forest to snow and precipitation variability in Boutaleb and Babors Mountains, Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Missaoui ◽  
Rachid Gharzouli ◽  
Yamna Djellouli ◽  
Frençois Messner
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Variability ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Cedrus Atlantica ◽  
The Past

Abstract. Missaoui K, Gharzouli R, Djellouli Y, Messner F. 2020. Phenological behavior of Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica)  forest to snow and precipitation variability in Boutaleb and Babors Mountains, Algeria. Biodiversitas 21: 239-245. Understanding the changes in snow and precipitation variability and how forest vegetation response to such changes is very important to maintain the long-term sustainability of the forest. However, relatively few studies have investigated this phenomenon in Algeria. This study was aimed to find out the response of Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) G.Manetti ex Carrière) forest in two areas (i.e Boutaleb and Babors Mountains) and their response to the precipitation and snow variability. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) generated from satellite images of MODIS time series was used to survey the changes of the Atlas cedar throughout the study area well as dataset of monthly precipitation and snow of the province of Setif (northeast of Algeria) from 2000 to 2018. Descriptive analysis using Standarized Precipitation Index (SPI) showed the wetter years were more frequent in the past than in the last two decades. The NDVI values changes in both areas with high values were detected in Babors Mountains with statistically significant differences. Our findings showed important difference in Atlas cedar phenology from Boutaleb mountains to Babors Mountains which likely related to snow factor.

Study of Smart Distribution Integration Evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 2009-2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Jun Zhang ◽  
Yu Luo ◽  
Du Yan
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Source Modeling ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
The Past ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Code Generators ◽  
Control Management

Nowadays, there are too much data residing in various automation islands independently installed in utilities in the past few years. So utilities are facing two problems: (1) how to integrate these islands and transform these data into meaningful information; (2) how to manage evolution of the integration. The entire integration cant be done in one implementation and hence the integration should have a long term evolution (LTE) plan. And now the industry consensus is that we have to use CIM to facilitate all these integrations. How to deal with this evolution is the most challenging issue. The utility should have plug-in monitoring, control, management and services of their new needs using smart grid standard s of IEC SG3. These standards include IEC 61970/61968 CIM and IEC 61850 which could ensure seamless information exchange. This means that legacy CIM version will be updated to a new version of this evolution, and the changes will be continuing within the integration evolutions. The approach is that we provide a LTE framework for the utility and use Common Source Modeling to customize their 61970/61968 CIM model in identified integration scope. A CIM version manager will deal with different CIM versions for information exchange under the latest CIM version. Some MDA (Model Driven Architecture) based tools will provide code generators to make this updating smoothly and automatically when utility business is changing with new or smart grids requirements.

Infilling methods for monthly precipitation records with poor station network density in Subtropical Argentina

2021 ◽  
Vol 254 ◽  
pp. 105482
Author(s):  
Santiago I. Hurtado ◽  
Pablo G. Zaninelli ◽  
Eduardo A. Agosta ◽  
Lorenzo Ricetti
Keyword(s):  
Network Density ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Station Network ◽  
Precipitation Records

scholarly journals Reconstructing Human-Centered Interaction Networks of the Swifterbant Culture in the Dutch Wetlands: An Example from the ArchaeoEcology Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4860
Author(s):  
Philip Verhagen ◽  
Stefani A. Crabtree ◽  
Hans Peeters ◽  
Daan Raemaekers
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Interaction Networks ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Connected Set ◽  
Swifterbant Culture

In archaeology, palaeo-ecological studies are frequently used to support archaeological investigations, but linking and synthesizing datasets and concepts from ecology, ethnography, earth sciences, and archaeology has historically been rare. While advances in computational approaches and standards of data collection have enabled more collaborative approaches to understanding the past, these endeavors are only now beginning to pick up pace. Here, we propose a method to collect data of these assorted types, synthesize ecological and archaeological understanding, and move beyond subsistence-focused studies to those that incorporate multifaceted economies. We advocate for the use of ‘human-centered interaction networks’ as a tool to synthesize and better understand the role of culture, ecology, and environment in the long-term evolution of socio-ecological systems. We advance the study of human-centered interaction networks by presenting an archaeoecological (archaeological-ecological) perspective on the Neolithic transition of the Swifterbant culture in the northwestern Netherlands (approximately 4700–4000 BCE). We employed network science to better understand the relationships of animal and plant species to the uses that people made of them. The analysis of the Swifterbant system reveals a highly connected set of interactions among people, plants, and animals, as could be expected on the basis of the hypothesis of an ‘extended broad-spectrum economy’. Importantly, this broad spectrum extends beyond the subsistence sphere.

scholarly journals Reciprocal relationship between unhealthy eating behaviours and depressive symptoms from childhood to adolescence: 10-year follow-up of the Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-Term Evolution study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1654-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chi Wu ◽  
Dih-Lin Luh ◽  
Ching-I Lin ◽  
Yi-Chen Chiang ◽  
Chao-Chia Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
The Past ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
Evolution Study ◽  
The Difference

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the reciprocal relationship between unhealthy eating behaviours and depressive symptoms from childhood to adolescence.DesignUnhealthy eating behaviours were measured by the frequencies of eating foods with excess salt, sugar or fat in the past week. Depressive symptoms in the past two weeks were measured using a seven-item scale. Hierarchical linear growth models were used to analyse longitudinal associations between unhealthy eating behaviours and depressive symptoms. Time-fixed variables (sex, parents’ education level and household monthly income) and time-varying variables (parents’ marital status, family activities, body weight, vegetable or fruit consumption, exercising and smoking) were controlled for.SettingThe Child and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-Term Evolution study, which commenced in 2001 and has annual follow-up.SubjectsStudents (n 2630) followed from 2nd grade (8 years old in 2002) to 11th grade.ResultsThe frequency of unhealthy eating behaviours in the previous year and the difference between the frequency in the previous and successive year were positively associated with the initiation and growth rate of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms in the previous year and the difference in depressive symptoms between the previous and successive year were positively associated with the initial state and growth rate of unhealthy eating behaviours.ConclusionsOur results suggest a reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and unhealthy eating behaviours. This relationship should be considered when developing programmes targeting depressive symptoms and unhealthy diet in children and adolescents.

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