scholarly journals Water consumption patterns in rural Bangladesh: are we underestimating total arsenic load?

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul Hasnat Milton ◽  
Habibur Rahman ◽  
Wayne Smith ◽  
Rupendra Shrestha ◽  
Keith Dear
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
The Us ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Morbidity Risks

Risk related to the ingestion of any water contaminants depends on many factors, including the daily per capita amount of consumed water relative to body weight. This study explored the water consumption pattern of a rural arsenic-affected population in Bangladesh. The study findings are likely to contribute to the risk estimation attributable to ingestion of arsenic and other drinking water contaminants. A total of 640 individuals participated in this cross-sectional study carried out in an arsenic-affected rural population in Bangladesh. In this study daily per capita water consumption for drinking purposes was found to be 73.04 ml/kg/d (range = 71.24–74.84 ml/kg/d), which is higher than for both the US and Taiwan populations. This difference in per capita drinking water consumption might contribute to much higher lifetime cancer mortality and other morbidity risks from arsenic among the Bangladesh population compared to either the US or Taiwan populations. Arsenic is also ingested through cooking water which, if considered, might increase the risk further. The findings of this study highlight the urgent need for a holistic water supply programme for Bangladesh, with special emphasis on the arsenic-affected population.

scholarly journals Estimating access to drinking water supply in Farta district rural community, Amhara Region, North Central Ethiopia, 2017: a community based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilkal T. Gualie ◽  
Habtamu D. Enyew
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Dug Well

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Water is an essential for lives and development. Ethiopia is endowed with enormous water resources potential but access to water is limited. An uneven spatial distribution of water sources and drinking water demand is big challenge. Therefore objectives of this study were to estimate access for water supply among household of Farta district, Ethiopia.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A community based cross-sectional study design was employed in 758 households of Farta district. Interview and observational check lists were used to collect data. Systematic sampling technique was used to select households. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The community has access to improved water supply which was estimated to be 57.1%. The rest 42.9% of the households used unimproved water sources from other unprotected sources like unprotected dug well and river. Nearly the third quartile (74.5%) of the households had access to water within a distance of 1.5 km or less from dwelling. Majority (86%) of households had no access to water within a time of 30 minutes or less. Nearly 92.3% of the households used less than 20 liters per capita per day.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There was a significant gap in accessing water supply for the community within 1.5 km in the district. Nearly half of households used protected well water sources. The per capita water consumption of the households were extremely low. Hence local administrator should expand protected well in all members. The community participation should be encouraged to prepare and maintain the water sources.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of the Health Implications on the Use of As and Cd Contaminated Water Supply between Urban and Rural Communities

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zailina ◽  
H. Najibah ◽  
A. Nadia Aiezzati ◽  
S. M. Praveena ◽  
I. Patimah
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Daily Water

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in blood, urine, and drinking water as well as the health implications on 100 residents in an urban and a rural community. Results showed the blood As, urinary Cd, DNA damage, and water As and Cs were significantly (P<0.001) higher in the rural community. Findings showed significant (P<0.005) correlations between blood As and DNA damage with household income, years of residence, and total glasses of daily water consumption among the rural residents. The urinary NAG concentrations, years of residence, milk powder intake (glass/week), and seafood intake (per week) were significantly correlated (P<0.005) with urinary Cd concentrations among respondents. In addition, urinary Cd level significantly influenced the urinary NAG concentrations (P<0.001). The rural respondents experienced significantly higher lymphocyte DNA damage and blood As influenced by their years of residence and water consumption. The Cd in drinking water also resulted in the rural respondents having significantly higher urinary NAG which had a significant relationship with urinary Cd.

scholarly journals POLA KONSUMSI PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI HUTAN KEMASYARAKATAN DI KABUPATEN LAMPUNG BARAT

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Asih Sulistyorini Uly Damora ◽  
Faisal Anwar ◽  
Yayat Heryatno
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Social Characteristic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Consumption ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Per Capita

<p class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 12.65pt .0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">The aims of research were to 1) identify economic and social characteristic of  HKm farmer household 2) analyze food consumption pattern of HKm  farmer household 3) analyze requirement of food of HKm  farmer household 4) analyze factors influencing level of energy and protein consumption sufficiency of HKm farmer household. Design research is cross-sectional study with the sampel size 90 selected by stratified random sampling. Foods consumed are rice, cassava, salted food, tempe, spinach and banana. Consumption of energy was 2 020 kcal per capita per day and consumption of protein equal to 47.9 gram per capita per day. Level of household energy consumption sufficiency is 84.4% as good and protein consumption sufficiency 46.6% as good. Energy consumption sufficiency was influenced by the household size and household expenditure of food, while level of protein consumption sufficiency was influenced by household expenditure of food.</span></p>

scholarly journals Impact of Community-Led Total Sanitation and Hygiene on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Selected Woredas of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Agune Ashole Alto ◽  
Wanzahun Godana ◽  
Genet Gedamu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gamo Gofa

Background. Diarrheal diseases are still one of the major causes of morbidity in under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is responsible for 9% of all deaths and is the major cause of under-five mortality. Objective. To assess the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene on the prevalence of diarrheal disease and factors associated among under-five children in Gamo Gofa Zone. Methods. Community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was used to compare the impact of community-led total sanitation and hygiene intervention on under-five diarrheal disease. Multistage sampling method was employed. The data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires. Data quality was ensured by daily supervision completeness and consistency. The data were coded, entered, and cleaned by using Epi Info version 7 and were analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were carried out by using binary logistic regression. Significance was declared by using p value of <0.05 and AOR with 95% confidence intervals. Results. The response rate of this study was 93.3%. The overall diarrhea prevalence was 27.5% (CI = (24.06, 30.97)) which was 18.9% (CI = (14.94, 23.2)) in implemented and 36.2%. (CI = (30.41, 41.59)) in nonimplemented woredas. Children whose age was between 12 and 23 months (AOR = 1.6) and greater than 24 months (AOR = 5), availability of handwashing facilities (AOR = 4), disposal of waste in open field (AOR = 9.7), unimproved source of drinking water (AOR = 6.5), using only water for handwashing (AOR = 6), children who started complementary feeding less than 6 months (AOR = 5.6) and greater than 6 months (AOR = 5.2), and utensils used to feed children such as bottle (AOR = 3.9) were the factors positively associated with diarrhea. Conclusion. The overall prevalence of under-five diarrhea was 27.5%. The prevalence was low in CLTSH woredas as compared with non-CLTSH woredas. The study showed that handwashing facility, using only water for handwashing, open refuse disposal, and unimproved source of drinking water among under-five had a statistically significant association with diarrhea occurrence in CLTSH nonimplemented areas. Integrated efforts are needed from the Ministry of Health together with the WASH Project in improving drinking water, handwashing facilities, and solid waste disposal practices.

scholarly journals Examining Recent Trends in the Racial Disparity Gap in Tap Water Consumption: NHANES 2011–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Asher Y. Rosinger ◽  
Anisha I. Patel ◽  
Francesca Weaks
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objective As tap water distrust has grown in the US with greater levels among Black and Hispanic households, we aimed to examine recent trends in not drinking tap water including the period covering the US Flint Water Crisis and racial/ethnic disparities in these trends. Design Cross-sectional analysis. We used log-binomial regressions and marginal predicted probabilities examined US nationally-representative trends in tap and bottled water consumption overall and by race/ethnicity. Setting The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 2011–2018. Participants Nationally-representative sample of 9,439 children aged 2-19 and 17,268 adults. Results Among US children and adults, respectively, in 2017-2018 there was a 63% (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR]:1.63, 95%CI: 1.25-2.12, p<0.001) and 40% (PR:1.40, 95%CI: 1.16-1.69, p=0.001) higher prevalence of not drinking tap water compared to 2013-2014 (pre-Flint Water Crisis). For Black children and adults, the probability of not drinking tap water increased significantly from 18.1% (95%CI: 13.4-22.8) and 24.6% (95%CI: 20.7-28.4) in 2013–14 to 29.3% (95%CI: 23.5-35.1) and 34.5% (95%CI: 29.4-39.6) in 2017–2018. Among Hispanic children and adults, not drinking tap water increased significantly from 24.5% (95%CI: 19.4-29.6) and 27.1% (95%CI: 23.0-31.2) in 2013-14 to 39.7% (95%CI: 32.7-46.8) and 38.1% (95%CI: 33.0-43.1) in 2017-2018. No significant increases were observed among Asian or white persons between 2013-14 and 2017-18. Similar trends were found in bottled water consumption. Conclusions This study found persistent disparities in the tap water consumption gap from 2011–2018. Black and Hispanics’ probability of not drinking tap water increased following the Flint Water Crisis.

scholarly journals Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the US diet: evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e009892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eurídice Martínez Steele ◽  
Larissa Galastri Baraldi ◽  
Maria Laura da Costa Louzada ◽  
Jean-Claude Moubarac ◽  
Dariush Mozaffarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
The Us ◽  
Nationally Representative

scholarly journals Metals Exposures of Residents Living Near the Akaki River in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Yard ◽  
Tesfaye Bayleyegn ◽  
Almaz Abebe ◽  
Andualem Mekonnen ◽  
Matthew Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Akaki River

Background. The Akaki River in Ethiopia has been found to contain elevated levels of several metals. Our objectives were to characterize metals exposures of residents living near the Akaki River and to assess metal levels in their drinking water.Methods. In 2011, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 101 households in Akaki-Kality subcity (near the Akaki River) and 50 households in Yeka subcity (distant to the Akaki River). One willing adult in each household provided urine, blood, and drinking water sample.Results. Urinary molybdenum (p<0.001), tungsten (p<0.001), lead (p<0.001), uranium (p<0.001), and mercury (p=0.049) were higher in Akaki-Kality participants compared to Yeka participants. Participants in both subcities had low urinary iodine; 45% met the World Health Organization (WHO) classification for being at risk of moderate iodine deficiency. In Yeka, 47% of households exceeded the WHO aesthetic-based reference value for manganese; in Akaki-Kality, only 2% of households exceeded this value (p<0.001). There was no correlation between metals levels in water samples and clinical specimens.Conclusions. Most of the exposures found during this investigation seem unlikely to cause acute health effects based on known toxic thresholds. However, toxicity data for many of these metals are very limited.

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