scholarly journals Does calcium in drinking water modify the association between nitrate in drinking water and risk of death from colon cancer?

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Fen Chiu ◽  
Shang-Shyue Tsai ◽  
Pei-Shih Chen ◽  
Trong-Neng Wu ◽  
Chun-Yuh Yang
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Colon Cancer Risk ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Colon Cancer Mortality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

The objective of this study was to explore whether calcium (Ca) levels in drinking water modified the effects of nitrate on colon cancer risk. A matched case–control study was used to investigate the relationship between the risk of death from colon cancer and exposure to nitrate in drinking water in Taiwan. All colon cancer deaths of Taiwan residents from 2003 through 2007 were obtained from the Bureau of Vital Statistics of the Taiwan Provincial Department of Health. Controls were deaths from other causes and were pair-matched to the cases by gender, year of birth and year of death. Information on the levels of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and Ca in drinking water have been collected from Taiwan Water Supply Corporation (TWSC). The municipality of residence for cases and controls was assumed to be the source of the subject's NO3-N and Ca exposure via drinking water. We observed evidence of an interaction between drinking water NO3-N and Ca intake via drinking water. This is the first study to report effect modification by Ca intake from drinking water on the association between NO3-N exposure and risk of colon cancer mortality.

scholarly journals Epidemic cholera in rural El Salvador: risk factors in a region covered by a cholera prevention campaign

1995 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Quick ◽  
B. L. Thompson ◽  
A. Zuniga ◽  
G. Dominguez ◽  
E. L. De Brizuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
First Case ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

SummaryIn response to the Latin American cholera epidemic, El Salvador began a prevention programme in April 1991. The first case was confirmed in August, and 700 cases were reported within 3 months. A matched case-control study was conducted in rural La Libertad Department in November 1991. Illness was associated with eating cold cooked or raw seafood (odds ratio [OR] = 7·0; 95% confidence limits [CL] = 1·4, 35·0) and with drinking water outside the home (OR = 8·8; 95% CL = 1·7, 44·6). Assertion of knowledge about how to prevent cholera (OR = 0·2; 95% CL = 0·1, 0·8) and eating rice (OR = 0·2; 95% CL = 0·1, 0·8) were protective. More controls than patients regularly used soap (OR = 0·3; 95% CL = 0·1, 1·0). This study demonstrated three important points for cholera prevention: (1) seafood should be eaten cooked and hot; (2) populations at risk should be taught to treat household drinking water and to avoid drinking water outside the home unless it is known to be treated; and (3) education about hygiene can be an important tool in preventing cholera.

Does Calcium in Drinking Water Modify the Association Between Trihalomethanes and the Risk of Death from Colon Cancer?

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 657-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Wei Kuo ◽  
Mao-Meng Tiao ◽  
Shang-Shyue Tsai ◽  
Trong-Neng Wu ◽  
Chun-Yuh Yang
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Of Death

The Relationship of Drug Abuse to Unexplained Sudden Death

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
pp. 1903-1906
Author(s):  
Amy C. Gruszecki ◽  
Gerald McGwin, Jr ◽  
C. Andrew Robinson, Jr ◽  
Gregory G. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Context.—Forensic pathologists regularly investigate the deaths of individuals with a history of drug abuse. Autopsy, including toxicology testing, reveals no cause for death in a subset of this cohort. Objective.—To determine whether deaths with an undetermined cause and manner of death are associated with a history of drug abuse. Design.—Retrospective matched case-control study of 52 decedents whose cause of death remained undetermined following autopsy, matched 1:2 to a control group of living patients admitted for cholecystectomy according to age and date of death or procedure. Results.—Individuals whose cause of death was undetermined were 5.3 times (95% confidence interval, 1.9– 14.5) more likely to have a history of drug abuse than were patients with cholecystitis. Conclusions.—Decedents with a history of chronic drug abuse appear to be at an increased risk of dying by their chronic drug abuse, even in the absence of any anatomical or toxicologic finding at autopsy to account for death.

Occupational load as a risk factor for clinically relevant base of thumb osteoarthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Moriatis Wolf ◽  
Aleksandra Turkiewicz ◽  
Isam Atroshi ◽  
Martin Englund
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Occupational Tasks ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thumb Carpometacarpal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveIt is postulated that increased load from pinch and grasp in occupational tasks increases the risk of thumb carpometacarpal (CMC1) osteoarthritis (OA). We sought to characterise the relationship between doctor-diagnosed CMC1 OA and occupation in a large working population.MethodsWe performed a matched case–control study using a Swedish healthcare register. We identified residents aged 30–65 years in 2013 with physician-diagnosed CMC1 OA from 1998 to 2013. We matched four controls per person with CMC1 OA by age, sex, education and postcode. Swedish Standard Classification of Occupations was used to assign occupation. Occupation was categorised as light, light–moderate, moderate and heavy labour. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate ORs with 95% CIs.ResultsWe identified 3462 patients with CMC1 OA and matched 13 211 controls. The mean age of the CMC1 OA group was 63 (SD 7) years, with 81% women. The ORs for CMC1 OA in men were 1.31 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.79) for light–moderate, 1.76 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.40) for moderate and 2.00 (95% CI 1.59 to 2.51) for heavy compared with light work. Women had ORs for CMC1 OA of 1.46 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.61) for light–moderate, 1.27 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.46) for moderate and 1.31 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.59) for heavy compared with light work.ConclusionsThe association between increased manual load in occupation and risk of CMC1 OA is more pronounced in men than in women, likely due to higher workload in the heavy labour category.

Serum osteoprotegerin in young survivors of myocardial infarction

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (05) ◽  
pp. 881-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Brodin ◽  
Trond Børvik ◽  
Baldur Sveinbjørnsson ◽  
John-Bjarne Hansen ◽  
Anders Vik
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Young Survivors ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Control Study

SummaryOsteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily and is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism and vascular calcification. Increased serum OPG levels have been reported in patients with stable angina pectoris and survivors of myocardial infarction with heart failure. The purpose of the present study was to determine serum OPG levels in young survivors of acute myocardial infarction (MI), and the relationship between OPG, homocysteine, sCD40L and coagulation factors in blood. Fifty-eight patients with verified MI, 40–60 years of age, were recruited 1–4 years after the acute event into an age- and sex- matched case control study with controls recruited from the general population. Serum OPG levels were similar in cases (2.41 ng/ml, 2.11–2.77 ng/ml) (mean, 95% CI) and controls (2.43 ng/ml, 2.11–2.79 ng/ml) (p= 0.92). Significant correlation between OPG and homocysteine was found in patients (r=0.30, p=0.02) and controls (r=0.35, p=0.007). A significant negative correlation was found between OPG and sCD40L in patients (r=-0.51, p<0.001), but not in controls (r=0.001, p=0.96). No associations were found between serum OPG and markers of coagulation activation. The present study shows that serum OPG level was not increased in young survivors of uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Serum OPG levels were not associated with thrombin generation assessed by thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), but a positive association between serum OPG and homocysteine was found.

scholarly journals Calcium and Magnesium in Drinking Water and Risk of Death from Colon Cancer

1997 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 928-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yuh Yang ◽  
Hui-Fen Chiu ◽  
Jeng-Fen Chiu ◽  
Shang-Shyue Tsai ◽  
Ming-Fen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis and prevention of hepatobiliary surgical site infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1037-1041
Author(s):  
Conor M. Stack ◽  
Howard S. Gold ◽  
Sharon B. Wright ◽  
Linda M. Baldini ◽  
Graham M. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
National Healthcare Safety Network ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the microbiology of hepatobiliary surgical site infections (SSIs) and to explore the relationship between specific antimicrobial prophylaxis regimens and the development of SSIs.DesignRetrospective matched case-control study comparing patient, procedure, and antimicrobial prophylaxis characteristics among patients undergoing a hepatobiliary surgical procedure with and without an SSI.SettingA tertiary referral acute-care facility.MethodsPatients undergoing procedures defined as “BILI” (bile duct, liver, or pancreas surgery) using National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions, excluding those undergoing concomitant liver transplantation, from January 2013 through June 2016 were included in the study population. The SSIs were identified through routine infection control surveillance using NHSN definitions. All patients who developed an SSI were considered cases. Controls were selected randomly matched 2:1 with cases based on fiscal quarter of the procedure. Logistic regression modeling was performed to explore variables associated with SSI, including antimicrobial prophylaxis received.ResultsAmong 975 procedures, 80 (8.2%) resulted in an SSI. Most cases involved an organism nonsusceptible to standard prophylaxis regimens, including cefazolin (68.8%), cefazolin plus metronidazole (61.3%), and ampicillin-sulbactam (52.5%). In a multivariate model, antimicrobial coverage against Enterococcus spp (aOR, 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17–2.04; P=.40) and against Pseudomonas spp (aOR, 2.40; 95% CI, 0.56–10.29; P=.24) were not protective against the development of an SSI. The presence of a documented β-lactam allergy was significantly associated with the development of an SSI (aOR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.36–9.19; P=.009).ConclusionsAlthough SSIs at the study institution were associated with pathogens nonsusceptible to the most commonly used prophylaxis regimens, broader-spectrum coverage was not associated with a reduction in SSIs.

scholarly journals Colon cancer risk and different HRT formulations: a case-control study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen C Dinger ◽  
Lothar AJ Heinemann ◽  
Sabine Möhner ◽  
Do Minh Thai ◽  
Anita Assmann
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Colon Cancer Risk ◽  
Control Study
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