The Relationship of Drug Abuse to Unexplained Sudden Death

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (12) ◽  
pp. 1903-1906
Author(s):  
Amy C. Gruszecki ◽  
Gerald McGwin, Jr ◽  
C. Andrew Robinson, Jr ◽  
Gregory G. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Manner Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Context.—Forensic pathologists regularly investigate the deaths of individuals with a history of drug abuse. Autopsy, including toxicology testing, reveals no cause for death in a subset of this cohort. Objective.—To determine whether deaths with an undetermined cause and manner of death are associated with a history of drug abuse. Design.—Retrospective matched case-control study of 52 decedents whose cause of death remained undetermined following autopsy, matched 1:2 to a control group of living patients admitted for cholecystectomy according to age and date of death or procedure. Results.—Individuals whose cause of death was undetermined were 5.3 times (95% confidence interval, 1.9– 14.5) more likely to have a history of drug abuse than were patients with cholecystitis. Conclusions.—Decedents with a history of chronic drug abuse appear to be at an increased risk of dying by their chronic drug abuse, even in the absence of any anatomical or toxicologic finding at autopsy to account for death.

Abstract 5108: Microalbuminuria is Associated with Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P DeFilippis ◽  
Holly J Kramer ◽  
Ronit Katz ◽  
Nathan Wong ◽  
Alain Bertoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Median Increase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Background: Microalbuminuria (MA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but the mechanism by which microalbuminuria imparts this increased risk is not known. In this study we assessed the relationship between MA and the development and progression of atherosclerosis by measuring the incidence of new CAC and the progression of existing CAC in individuals free of clinical CVD. Methods : The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a prospective cohort study of 6,814 participants free of clinical CVD at entry who underwent assessment of coronary artery calcification (CAC) by computerized tomography at baseline. Overall, 6,775 individuals had data available on urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR); 1,109 individuals were excluded for missing data or macroalbuminuria (UACR≥300 mg/g). Incident CAC was defined as detectable CAC at follow-up among those with CAC=0 at baseline, and absolute CAC score change among those with CAC>0 at baseline. Relative risk (RR) regression adjusted for covariates; and multivariable adjusted median regression was employed to assess the independent relationship of MA with CAC incidence and progression. Results : Of the 5,666 subjects (mean age 62±10 years, 48% males), baseline MA was seen in 424 (7%) participants, who were more likely to have CAC compared to those with normal UACR (62% vs. 48%, p<0.0001). During a mean follow-up of 2.4±0.8 years, those with MA were more likely to develop CAC (28% vs. 15%, p<0.0001) and they had a higher absolute median increase in CAC (47 vs. 29 Agatston Units, p<0.0001). After adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, site, follow-up duration, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, family history of heart attack, total cholesterol, lipid lowering medications and body mass index; MA was associated with incident CAC (RR 1.65; 95%CI 1.41–2.48) among those with CAC=0 at baseline. Among those with CAC>0 at baseline, MA was associated with a median increase in CAC of 7.93 (95%CI 0.38 –15.47) Agatston Units in multivariable adjusted analyses (variables noted above). Conclusion : MA is independently associated with development of incident CAC and progression of CAC in an asymptomatic multi-ethnic population, and may in part explain its associated increased risk of CVD.

scholarly journals Diet, Lifestyles, Family History, and Prostate Cancer Incidence in an East Algerian Patient Group

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somia Lassed ◽  
Cláudia M. Deus ◽  
Nuno Lourenço ◽  
Abderrezak Dahdouh ◽  
Albert A. Rizvanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Prostate cancer (PC) is the fourth most common cancer in men and the sixth leading cause of death in Algeria. To examine the relationship between lifestyle factors, including diet, and family history and PC risk, a case-control study was performed in an eastern Algerian population, comprising 90 patients with histologically confirmed PC and 190 controls. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire and statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the different variables. The data showed that consumption of lamb and beef meat and high intake of animal fat and dairy products increased PC risk. Seven to thirteen vegetables servings per week and fourteen or more servings decreased PC risk by 62% and 96%, respectively. Seven to fourteen fruit servings per week decrease PC risk by 98%. Green tea consumption reduced the risk of PC but the results were statistically borderline. Increased risk was observed for individuals with family history of PC in first and in second degree. A positive strong association was also found for alcohol and smoking intake and a dose-response relationship existed for quantity and history of smoking. This study suggests that dietary habits, lifestyle factors, and family history have influence on the development of PC in Algerian population.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of the MTHFR C677T and EPHX2 G860A Polymorphism on the Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ma ◽  
Yongwei Jiang ◽  
Xiaomu Kong ◽  
Meihua Yan ◽  
Tingting Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the combined effect of MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and EPHX2 G860A (rs751141) polymorphism and ischemic stroke in Chinese T2DM patients. This case-control study included a total of 626 Chinese T2DM patients (236 T2DM patients with ischemic stroke and 390 T2DM patients without ischemic stroke). The rs1801133 and rs751141 were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 17.0. Results showed that the combined effect of MTHFR TT and EPHX2 GG or GA + AA genotype has a higher risk of ischemic stroke compared with the control group (combined effect of MTHFR CC and EPHX2 GA + AA genotypes; OR = 3.46 and OR = 3.42, resp.; P=.001 and P=.002, resp.). The A allele showed marked association with a lower risk of ischemic stroke in patients with the lowest Hcy levels under additive, recessive, and dominant genetic models (OR = 0.45, OR = 0.11, and OR = 0.44, resp.; P=.002, P=.035, and P=.008, resp.), which was not observed in medium or high Hcy level groups. In conclusion, the T allele of rs1801133 and the G allele of rs751141 may be risk factors of ischemic stroke in the Chinese T2DM population.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Physical Activity and Obesity with the Incidence of Hypertension in Adults Aged 26-45 Years in Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 3464-3468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elida Normiaty Purba ◽  
Heru Santosa ◽  
Fazidah Aguslina Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Proportional Allocation ◽  
Simple Logistic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of hypertension is increasing in Indonesia concerning unhealthy behaviours such as unhealthy physical activity and eating pattern which trigger obesity. In Indonesia, the prevalence of hypertension in > 18-year-old people was 34.1% in 2018. AIM: The objective of the research was to find out the relationship between physical activity and obesity with the incidence of hypertension in adults (26-45 years old) in Medan. METHODS: The research was done in Medan, using a case-control study design. The samples were 150 hypertension patients, taken by using proportional allocation: 75 of them were in the case group and the other 75 of them were in the control group. The data were gathered by conducting interviews, measurement, and questionnaires and analysed by using simple logistic regression test. RESULTS: The result of the research showed that there was significant relationship of physical activity (p = 0.000; OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.802-7.270) and obesity (p = 0.000; OR = 4; 95% CI, 2.030-7.900) with the incidence of hypertension in 26-45-year-old respondents. CONCLUSION: Make a habit of a healthy lifestyle in their daily life by doing physical activity regularly and good eating pattern to forestall hypertension.

scholarly journals Complications of Pregnancy and the Risk of Developing Endometrial or Ovarian Cancer: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xingyu Chen ◽  
Jiayi Sheng ◽  
Xinyi Sun ◽  
George Qiaoqi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundThe association of complications of pregnancy and the risk of developing gynecological cancer is controversial with the limited study. In this study, we investigated the association of preeclampsia, or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), or large for gestational age (LGA), or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and the risk of endometrial or ovarian cancer.MethodsIn this case-control study, 189 women with endometrial cancer and 119 women with ovarian cancer were included. 342 women without gynecological cancers were randomly selected as a control group. Data on the history of pregnancy and age at diagnosis of gynecological cancer as well as the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) were collected.ResultsWomen with a history of preeclampsia or IUGR did not have an increased risk of developing endometrial or ovarian cancer. While women with a history of GDM or with the delivery of LGA infant increased the risk of developing endometrial cancer but not ovarian cancer. The odds of women with a history of GDM or with the delivery of LGA infant developing endometrial cancer was 2.691 (95% CI: 1.548, 4.3635, p=0.0003), or 6.383 (95% CI: 2.812, 13.68, p&lt;0.0001) respectively, compared to the controls. The odds ratio of women who did not use IUDs developing ovarian cancer was 1.606 (95% CI: 1.057, 2.434), compared to the controls. There was no association of age at first birth and developing endometrial or ovarian cancer.ConclusionOur observational data suggested that GDM and delivery of an LGA infant are associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphisms of PGF and TNFAIP2 genes related to cervical cancer risk among Uygur females from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zumurelaiti Ainiwaer ◽  
Reyilanmu Maisaidi ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Lili Han ◽  
Sulaiya Husaiyin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Cervical Cancer Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: PGF and TNFAIP2 are important angiogenic factors, which were abnormal expression in cervical cancer (CC). However, there is currently no report investigating the relationship of PGF and TNFAIP2 gene polymorphisms to CC risk.Methods: We conducted a case-control study of 342 CC patients and 498 cancer-free controls in a Chinese Uygur female population. Three SNPs (PGF rs8019391, PGF rs2268615, and TNFAIP2 rs710100) were selected and genotyped to assess the possible association of PGF and TNFAIP2 polymorphisms with CC susceptibility. Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age was used.Results: PGF rs2268615 (OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.04-1.86, p = 0.024) and TNFAIP2 rs710100 (OR = 1.44, 95% CI =1.07-1.95, p = 0.018) polymorphisms were associated with the increased risk of CC. Moreover, T allele of PGF rs8019391 was highly represented in patients with stage III–IV compared with stage I-II (OR = 2.17, p = 4.58´10-4). MDR analysis revealed a positive interaction between the SNPs.Conclusion: Our data indicated that PGF rs2268615, and TNFAIP2 rs710100 polymorphisms might be risk factors for CC susceptibility, which contributed to the increased risk of CC.Trail registration: Not applicable.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii Infection by Serological and Molecular Methods in Schizophrenia Patients with and without Suicide Attempts: An Age-Sex-Matched Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özer Akgül ◽  
Ömer Faruk Demirel ◽  
Cana Poyraz Aksoy ◽  
Ezgi Tanrıöver Aydın ◽  
Nuray Uysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: The opinion that latent T. gondii infection is having a broadly asymptomatic projection has now been interrogated, in specific due to the echoed association between the latent infection and an elevated incidence of schizophrenia or even suicide attempts. Notwithstanding conducted studies aimed to understand this feasible link are restricted. Methods: In the present case-control study, we focused to illuminate the relationship between the serological and molecular presence of T. gondii and schizophrenia with or without the suicide attempts by comparing it with healthy individuals. A total of 237 participants (117 in schizophrenia; 120 in healthy control) were included in this study. Results: Overall, latent T. gondii infections were found statistically higher in 63 (53.8%) of the 117 patients with schizophrenia and in 33 (27.5%) of the 120 controls (p < 0.001). In schizophrenia patients, seroprevalence T. gondii was again found to be statistically higher in suicide attempters (59.6%), compared to no history of suicide attempts (48.3%) (p < 0.05). The molecular positivity rate of T. gondii DNA was higher in the schizophrenia group, compared to the healthy control group (p < 0.05), whereas the history of suicide attempts was not statistically associated (p = 0.831) with T. gondii DNA positivity by PCR. Conclusion: This case-control study enlightens additional demonstration to the belief that T. gondii infection would be an underlying component for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Regardless of the clarity results of this study, this supposition warrants further endorsement.

scholarly journals Risk of meningioma associated with exposure of hormonal contraception. A case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Joni Wahyuhadi ◽  
Dini Heryani ◽  
Hari Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To identify the effect of hormonal contraceptive exposure to the occurrence of meningioma.Materials and Methods: This study, conducted in 2016, was a case-control study by collecting a group of cases comprising all patients diagnosed histopathologically with meningioma in 2012-2013 and treated in dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Medical record data were analyzed and compared to control group of patients diagnosed with non-meningioma who underwent contrast head ct scan and direct interviews. We obtained 101 cases and 101 controls. Data were analyzed using univariate logistic regression test.Results: Based on the history of hormonal contraceptive use, patients who had history of hormonal contraceptive use had 12.31 times higher risk (p=0.000). In this study, those who had contraceptive injections for one month and used contraceptive pills had a meningioma risk lower than those who used injectables 3 months. Patients who used hormonal contraception more than 10 years had an increased risk for meningioma as much as 18.216 times (p=0.000). Histopathologically, we found a non-significant association between history of hormonal contraceptive use and the distribution of histopathology, but based on descriptive data showed it was found that the most histopatological meningioma was of the transitional type in cases group.Conclusion: There is a significant association between hormonal contraceptive use, the type of injectable hormonal contraception for 3 months, the duration of hormonal contraceptive use >10 years, and no significant association between meningioma grade and the history of hormonal contraception exposure.

scholarly journals Risk factors for systemic thromboembolism after left chamber cardiac thrombi --- A retrospective multi-center study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
wei zhou ◽  
Shun-yi Shi ◽  
Yuan Ji ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background : We aimed to characterize the independent predictors of systemic thromboembolism (ST) after left chamber thrombi. Methods: A retrospective analysis on the medical records of 175 patients diagnosed with left chamber thrombi by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at three centers were carried out. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship of each characteristic with ST. Multivariate Cox proportional survival analysis was conducted, with covariate adjustments, to identify predictors of all-cause mortality. Results: During a median 42 months of follow-up (25th–75th percentile: 20–62 months), 24 (13.7%) patients had ST, and 62 (35.4%) died. History of diabetes and thrombus mobility were independent predictors of ST (P = 0.003, P = 0.02, respectively). There was a significant association between abnormal ejection fraction (EF) and all-cause mortality (P = 0.003). Conclusions: The morbidity associated with ST and the increased risk for mortality associated with left chamber cardiac thrombi relates to medical history, thrombus state, and diminished heart function.

scholarly journals Association of CCL5 rs2107538, and CCL2 rs3760396 Gene Pol-ymorphisms with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Mohtavinejad ◽  
Alireza Nakhaee ◽  
Honey Harati ◽  
Nazila Gholipour ◽  
Yavar Mahmoodzade
Keyword(s):  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cc Chemokines ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Control Study

Background: Chemokines are proinflammatory cytokines that play key roles in development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Chemokine-induced recruitment of peripheral leucocytes to tissues is a crucial step in the CVD progression. CC chemokines ligand 5, 2 (CCL5 and CCL2), have been characterized as emerging inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerotic CVD. The aim of this study was to find out whether genetic polymorphisms of CCL5 -403 G>A (rs2107538) and CCL2 –927 G>C, (rs3760396) were associated with the risk of CVD. Methods: In this case-control study, 500 Iranian individuals including 250 CVD patients and 250 healthy subjects as the control group participated in 2017. Genotyping of CCL5 -403 G>A and CCL2 –927 G>C polymorphisms were executed using Tetra-ARMS PCR method. Results: At genotypic level both CCL5 -403 G>A and CCL2 –927 G>C polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of CVD (P>0.05), even after adjustment by age, sex, race, and history of hypertension, DM and smoking. However, the CCL2 –927 C allele was associated with an increased risk of CVD (OR=1.42, P=0.050) with a higher prevalence in CVD patient than in controls (17% vs. 12%). Moreover, the haplotype analysis revealed that CCL5/CCL2 haplotype (G/C) was a risk factor for CVD (OR=2.13, P=0.001), and that carriers of this haplotype were at 2.13-fold higher risk of CVD than subjects with G/G haplotype. Conclusion: CCL2 –927 C variant and CCL5/CCL2 haplotype (G/C) were associated with susceptibility to CVD, and were risk factors for CVD in our population but more studies with large sample size are recommended.

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