Economics and livelihoods of small-scale inland fisheries in the Lower Mekong Basin: a survey of three communities in Cambodia

This paper presents economic analysis, viability and trade-off issues for small-scale (family) inland capture fisheries in three fishing communities, each representing a distinct floodplain characteristic in Cambodia. The average net profits of family fishing was US$12 and US$4.6 per trip during the open (October to May) and close (June to September) seasons, respectively; but real profit—deducting the cost for family labour from net profit—was only US$4.5 and US$1.6 during the open and close seasons, respectively. The return from family fishing varied greatly across sites surveyed, depending on the quality of the fishing grounds, hydro-ecology settings, local institutions, and socio-economic factors. The high degree of seasonality, the spatial variation of returns and costs of capture fisheries suggest interdependence of fishing activities with basin-level water allocation policies, and also related trade-off in the fisheries sector with water allocation and water resources management policies. There is also now an urgent need for synergy of the various rural development efforts with that of fisheries policies in the Mekong River Basin.

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Kajian Pengaruh Percepatan Waktu Pekerjaan Konstruksi Terhadap Biaya Proyek Bess Mansion Apartement Surabaya

Ge-STRAM: Jurnal Perencanaan dan Rekayasa Sipil ◽

10.25139/jprs.v2i2.1930 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Adi Aprian Jaya ◽

Kusnul Yakin ◽

Maulidya Octaviani Bustamin

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Working Hours ◽

Project Work ◽

Time Cost ◽

Trade Off ◽

Overtime Work ◽

Critical Paths ◽

The Cost ◽

Total Project

In the implementation of construction project activities there are thre things that influence the success and failure of the project: time, cost and quality. The success of a project is usually seen from the timing of completion which is relatively short but without neglecting the quality of the project work. Appropriate and targeted project management and management are required to ensure the time, cost, and quality of the project. This is certainly to avoid a variety of undesirable things such as late settlement, swelling costs, quality failures, and so on that could have an impact on project failure and the emergence of the cost of fines. The purpose of this study is to calculate changes in cost and time of project implementation with alternatives to additional working hours (overtime) comparing the results between normal and cost changes after the addition of working hours (overtime). The data used in this research is secondary data obtained from contractor implementing. Arrow diagram The results program are critical paths and cost increases due to the addition of working hours (overtime) while the result of the time cost trade off method is the acceleration of duration and the increased cost due to the acceleration of duration in any accelerated activity. The results of this study indicate that the total project time and cost under normal conditions is 508 days at a cost of Rp 22.240.655.701 with the addition of 3 hours of overtime work in the duration of crashing 485 days and at a cost of Rp 23.252.220.373,34

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Caracterização do consumo de carne suína da população de Xanxerê, Santa Catarina, Brasil

Revista Eletrônica em Gestão Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental ◽

10.5902/2236117021312 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Jackeline Karsten Kirinus ◽

Matheus Benedetti ◽

Willian Pavlik ◽

Gustavo Vinicius Taffarel ◽

Camila De Oliveira Belmonte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Field Research ◽

User Profile ◽

Primary Data ◽

Pork Meat ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

The People ◽

High Degree ◽

Socio Economic Factors

The swine stands out in some regions of Brazil and more specifically, in Santa Catarina, mainly by having national leadership in the slaughter of these animals. This study constitutes a very important tool, since the identification of the main consumed cuts and analysis of what it means meat with high quality for the consumer Xanxerense, will identify the user profile and contribute to the production system products meat. Field research with primary data collection using forms applied to pork consumers Xanxerê was used. Of the interviewed, 93.3% reported consuming pork meat. Moreover, it was observed that most of the people receive a personal or family income 2-5 the minimum wage in real. The rib was the main cutting preference. Further, it was found that the clear appearance and visible fa t are features that influence the high degree of quality of pork meat for men and women, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in actions that demonstrate the socio-economic factors involved in the consumption of pork, as well as studies that analyze the quality of the product and the real environmental impact with its production.

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An exploration of the role of advanced clinical practitioners in the East of England

British Journal of Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjon.2020.29.15.864 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (15) ◽

pp. 864-869

Author(s):

Claire Hooks ◽

Susan Walker

Keyword(s):

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Self Awareness ◽

The Uk ◽

The Cost ◽

High Degree ◽

Individual Accountability

Medical staff shortages in the UK have provided impetus for the introduction of advanced clinical practitioners (ACPs). This case study explored the views of 22 ACPs, managers and doctors in primary and acute settings in a region of England, to understand how the role is used, and barriers and facilitators to its success. ACP roles improved the quality of service provision, provided clinical career development and enhanced job satisfaction for staff and required autonomous clinical decision-making, with a high degree of self-awareness and individual accountability. Barriers included disparate pay-scales and funding, difficulty accessing continuing education and research, and lack of agreed role definition and title, due to a lack of standardised regulation and governance, and organisational barriers, including limited access to referral systems. Facilitators were supportive colleagues and opportunities for peer networking. Regulation of ACP roles is urgently needed, along with evaluation of the cost-effectiveness and patient experience of such roles.

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QoS Enabled Heterogeneous BLE Mesh Networks

Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks ◽

10.3390/jsan10020024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Subho Shankar Basu ◽

Mathias Baert ◽

Jeroen Hoebeke

Keyword(s):

Traffic Management ◽

Short Range ◽

Mesh Networks ◽

Random Access ◽

Mesh Network ◽

Small Scale ◽

Efficient Management ◽

Scale Test ◽

The Cost

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a widely known short-range wireless technology used for various Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Recently, with the introduction of BLE mesh networks, this short-range barrier of BLE has been overcome. However, the added advantage of an extended range can come at the cost of a lower performance of these networks in terms of latency, throughput and reliability, as the core operation of BLE mesh is based on advertising and packet flooding. Hence, efficient management of the system is required to achieve a good performance of these networks and a smoother functioning in dense scenarios. As the number of configuration points in a standard mesh network is limited, this paper describes a novel set of standard compliant Quality of Service (QoS) extensions for BLE mesh networks. The resulting QoS features enable better traffic management in the mesh network, providing sufficient redundancy to achieve reliability whilst avoiding unnecessary packet flooding to reduce collisions, as well as the prioritization of certain traffic flows and the ability to control end-to-end latencies. The QoS-based system has been implemented and validated in a small-scale BLE mesh network and compared against a setup without any QoS support. The assessment in a small-scale test setup confirms that applying our QoS features can enhance these types of non-scheduled and random access networks in a significant way.

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Developing densified products to reduce transportation costs and improve the quality of rice straw feedstocks for cattle feeding

Journal of Vietnamese Environment ◽

10.13141/jve.vol10.no1.pp11-15 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15

Author(s):

Van Hieu Nguyen ◽

Thanh Nghi Nguyen ◽

Quang Vinh Le ◽

Minh Anh Le ◽

Van Hung Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Transportation Cost ◽

Transportation Costs ◽

Important Process ◽

Cattle Feed ◽

Cattle Feeding ◽

Net Profit ◽

The Cost

Densification of rice straw such as compacting and pelletizing is an important process to increase the density of rice straw resulting in a reduction of transportation cost. Within this research, we conducted a techno-economic investigation of rice straw densification to produce compressed bales and pellets, which are later used for animal feed. In line with the main deliverable of the performance of rice straw compacting and pelletizing processes, we also looked into the quality of the product in terms of uptake and digestibility of the cattle feed which could be improved by adding amendments such as urea during the compacting process. The compacting technology resulted in a 400% increase of bale density (from 94 to 390 kg.m-3). This could reduce transportation costs by about 60% for a 60 km driving distance using trucks. The net profit that resulted from compacted bales was USD 0.0062 kg-1. Although the pelletizing technology increased the cost of the densified product by 40–50%, its density increases by 700%, from 94 to 666 kg.m-3. The enriched-rice straw pellets contained 12.1% protein, 2.8% lipid, 32.7% raw fibre, and 11.2% ash. In addition, a test of this product for cattle feeding illustrated an increase in its eating desirability for cows. Findings from this study contribute to reducing feedstock cost and developing densified rice straw products. These, therefore, provide more alternative options to increase the benefits from rice production and thus, reduce the unsustainable burning of rice straw in the field. Nén ép rơm là quá trình quan trọng và cần thiết để tăng khối lượng thể tích với mục đích giảm chi phí vận chuyển. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã thực hiện nghiên cứu đánh giá tính khả thi về kỹ thuật và kinh tế đối với nội dung nén ép rơm cuộn và ép viên rơm. Cùng với mục đích chính là tăng dung trọng của sản phẩm từ rơm, chúng tôi cũng đánh giá chất lượng sản phẩm làm thức ăn cho bò giúp cho tăng kích thích quá trình tiêu hóa. Kết quả nén ép cuộn rơm đã làm tăng dung trọng của kiện rơm đến 400% (từ 94 đến 398.7 kg.m-3). Qua đó, đã giảm được chi phí vận chuyển 60% được ước tính cho 60 km khoảng cách vận chuyển. Đối với ép viên rơm, dung trọng tăng đến 700% (từ 94 đến 666 kg.m-3). Hàm lượng dinh dưỡng của viên nén hỗn hợp rơm gồm protein (12,1%), chất béo (2,8%), chất xơ (32,7%), và lượng tro tổng (11,2%). Ngoài ra, kết quả thử nghiệm cho bò ăn sản phẩm viên nén này cho thấy bò có cảm giác thích và ăn hết toàn bộ viên nén. Kết quả của nghiên cứu đã góp phần giảm chi phí khi sản xuất thức ăn cho bò, tăng thu nhập cho người nông dân và từ đó giảm tác động môi trường do việc đốt rơm trên đồng.

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Research of 3D Printing Modes of Feedstock for Metal Injection Molding

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 992 ◽

pp. 461-466

Author(s):

A.Yu. Korotchenko ◽

D.E. Khilkov ◽

M.V. Tverskoy ◽

A.A. Khilkova

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

Injection Molding ◽

Metal Injection Molding ◽

Small Scale ◽

Print Quality ◽

Scale Production ◽

Fused Filament Fabrication ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Cost

In this work, to reduce the cost of production of parts using injection molding metal technology (MIM technology), it is proposed to use additive technologies (AT) for the manufacture of green parts. The use of AT allows us to abandon expensive molds and expand the field of use of the MIM of technology in single and small-scale production. For manufacture of green parts, the technology of manufacturing fused filament (Fused Filament Fabrication – FFF) is offered. The original composition of the metal powder mix (feedstock) and the filament manufacturing modes for 3D printing have been developed for the FFF technology. The cost of filament is much lower than its analogs. The factors affecting the print quality of green part are considered. All factors are divided into two groups depending on the possibility of their change during printing. The research of the influence of the coefficient filament supply on the geometry of green parts during 3D printing is presented.

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An optimal trade-off between content freshness and refresh cost

Journal of Applied Probability ◽

10.1239/jap/1091543421 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 721-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yibei Ling ◽

Jie Mi

Keyword(s):

Existence And Uniqueness ◽

Cost Model ◽

Effective Mechanism ◽

Trade Off ◽

Related Cost ◽

Age Related ◽

Long Run ◽

System Resource ◽

The Cost ◽

High Degree

Caching is an effective mechanism for reducing bandwidth usage and alleviating server load. However, the use of caching entails a compromise between content freshness and refresh cost. Constant refreshing allows a high degree of content freshness at a greater cost of system resource. Conversely, too little refreshing reduces content freshness but saves the cost of resource usage. To address the freshness-cost problem, we formulate the refresh scheduling problem with a generic cost model and use this cost model to determine an optimal refresh frequency that gives the best trade-off between refresh cost and content freshness. We prove the existence and uniqueness of an optimal refresh frequency under the assumptions that the arrival of updated content is Poisson and the age-related cost monotonically increases with decreasing freshness. In addition, we provide an analytic comparison of system performance under fixed refresh scheduling and random refresh scheduling, showing that two refresh schedulings with the same average refresh frequency are mathematically equivalent in terms of the long-run average cost.

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Model of Choice Photovoltaic Panels Considering Customers’ Expectations

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14185977 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 5977

Author(s):

Dominika Siwiec ◽

Andrzej Pacana

Keyword(s):

Electricity Generation ◽

Photovoltaic Panel ◽

Photovoltaic Panels ◽

Purchase Cost ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽

The Cost ◽

High Degree ◽

Relative States

Photovoltaic electricity generation is key to achieving deep decarbonization with a high degree of electrification. It is predicted that the energy sector will reduce carbon dioxide by producing electricity mainly from photovoltaic (PV) power. Although dynamic development of the implementation of photovoltaic panels has been observed, their choice considering customer specificity is still a problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose the model of choice photovoltaic panels considering customers’ expectations. It can support the choice of a photovoltaic panel of a certain quality (satisfaction of concrete customer) in combination with the cost of its purchase. The proposed model includes acquiring and then processing customers’ expectations into technical criteria, while simultaneously considering the weighting of these criteria. It is realized in a standardized way, i.e., the zero-unitarization method (MUZ), after which normalized values of the quality of the photovoltaic panels’ criteria are obtained. In turn, the quality of these products is estimated by the weighted sum model (WSM) and then integrated with purchase cost in qualitative cost analysis (AKJ). As a result, using the scale of relative states, it is possible to categorize customer satisfaction from indicating qualitative cost and selecting the photovoltaic panel expected by customers (the most satisfactory). The effectiveness of the model was demonstrated by a sensitivity analysis, after which the key PV criteria were indicated. The proposed model is intended for any entity who selects a photovoltaic panel for customers. The computerization of calculations may contribute to its utilitarian dissemination.

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS DIFFERENT LINES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE OREL REGION

Bulletin of Agrarian Science ◽

10.17238/issn2587-666x.2020.5.73 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (86) ◽

pp. 73-81

Author(s):

V.S. Buyarov ◽

◽

A.R. Lyashuk ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Holstein Breed ◽

Ideal Line ◽

The Cost ◽

High Degree

This article provides a comparative analysis of indicators of milk productivity and quality of the main lines of the Holstein breed cows in one of the pedigree reproducers of the Orel region – "ES "Streletskoye". Among the three evaluated lines, the best results were shown by Reflection Sovereign first-calf heifers, which exceeded in milk yield the first-calf heifers of the Montvi􀉫 Chieftain line by 13.6% and the first-calf heifers of the Vis Back Ideal line by 42.3% (P≤0.001). Milk production coefficients of first-calf heifers of the Montvi􀉫 Chieftain and Reflection Sovereign lines exceeded those of the Vis Back Ideal line by 27.1% and 42.0% (P ≤ 0.001). In turn, Reflection Sovereign first-calf heifers also exceeded first-calf heifers of the Montvi􀉫 Chieftain line by 11.7% (P ≤ 0.001). Similar results were obtained for the second and third lactations. In terms of AMF and AMP, the Montvi􀉫 Chieftain and Reflection Sovereign cows significantly exceeded Vis Back Ideal cows in 305 days of each of the first three lactations. In turn, Reflection Sovereign first-calf heifers outperformed the AMF and AMP of Montvi􀉫 Chieftain first-calf heifers. The highest positive correlation coefficients between the amount of milk fat and milk yield for 305 days of lactation were found in cows of the Vis Back Ideal line - from 0.36 to 0.90 (P≤0.05–0.001). Concerning the correlation between the amount of milk protein and milk yield for 305 days of lactation, cows of all studied groups showed high levels of interdependence, characterized by a high degree of reliability - from 0.45 to 0.99 (P≤0.01– 0.001). The total cost of base fat milk produced in 305 days of the first three lactations by Montvi􀉫 Chieftain and Reflection Sovereign cows (per head) exceeded the cost of milk produced by Vis Back Ideal cows by 87.7 and 144.1 thousand rubles, respectively.

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