Assessing the impact of infiltration and exfiltration in sewer systems using performance indicators: case studies of the APUSS project

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cardoso ◽  
V. Prigiobbe ◽  
M. Giulianelli ◽  
E. Baer ◽  
J. De Bénédittis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
State Variable ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The structural quality and functional efficiency of sewer systems are key parameters to guarantee the transfer of domestic, commercial and industrial wastewater to treatment plants without infiltration nor exfiltration. Infiltration of groundwater is particularly detrimental to treatment plant efficiency, while exfiltration of wastewater can lead to groundwater contamination. The APUSS project associating universities, SMEs and municipalities in 7 European countries, developed new methods and techniques to assess and quantify infiltration and exfiltration (I/E) in sewer systems. This paper describes the establishment of a set of performance indicators (PI) developed to assess the impact of I/E on sewer systems and their application to three project case studies, in Italy and France, focusing on sewer systems characteristics, I/E measurements campaigns and PI application results. The methodology for PI definition consists in the selection and development of a sewer network property or state variable, which is expressive of aspects being scrutinized (I/E); the PI values are then calculated; finally, a classification of the PI values is made in relation to good or bad performance. The use of PI allows a standardized and objective comparison of the performance of sewer systems and constitutes a means to technically support the establishment of priorities for rehabilitation and/or construction investments taking into account I/E impacts.

Towards a better knowledge and management of infiltration and exfiltration in sewer systems: the APUSS project

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski ◽  
M.A. Cardoso ◽  
B. Ellis ◽  
T. Frehmann ◽  
M. Giulianelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Uncertainty Analyses ◽  
Tracer Experiments ◽  
Plant Efficiency

Sewer systems constitute a very significant patrimony in European cities. Their structural quality and functional efficiency are key parameters to guarantee the transfer of domestic and trade wastewater to treatment plants without infiltration nor exfiltration. Infiltration of groundwater is particularly detrimental to treatment plant efficiency, while exfiltration of wastewater can lead to groundwater contamination. During the period 2001-2004, the European research project APUSS (Assessing infiltration and exfiltration on the Performance of Urban Sewer Systems) was devoted to sewer infiltration and exfiltration questions. It was structured on three main Work Areas dealing respectively with i) the development of new measurement methods based on tracer experiments and accounting for detailed uncertainty analyses, ii) the implementation of models and software tools to integrate structural and experimental data and to facilitate data display, operational management and decision making process and iii) the integration of economic and operational questions by means of costs estimation, economic valuation, performance indicators and multi-criteria methods applied to investment/rehabilitation strategies. This overview paper describes synthetically the objectives, methods and main achievements for each Work Area. References to both antecedent and companion papers are given for results and more detailed information.

scholarly journals Assessing the efficiency of different CSO positions based on network graph characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1574-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sitzenfrei ◽  
C. Urich ◽  
M. Möderl ◽  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Units ◽  
Sewer Networks

The technical design of urban drainage systems comprises two major aspects: first, the spatial layout of the sewer system and second, the pipe-sizing process. Usually, engineers determine the spatial layout of the sewer network manually, taking into account physical features and future planning scenarios. Before the pipe-sizing process starts, it is important to determine locations of possible weirs and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) based on, e.g. distance to receiving water bodies or to a wastewater treatment plant and available space for storage units. However, positions of CSOs are also determined by topological characteristics of the sewer networks. In order to better understand the impact of placement choices for CSOs and storage units in new systems, this work aims to determine case unspecific, general rules. Therefore, based on numerous, stochastically generated virtual alpine sewer systems of different sizes it is investigated how choices for placement of CSOs and storage units have an impact on the pipe-sizing process (hence, also on investment costs) and on technical performance (CSO efficiency and flooding). To describe the impact of the topological positions of these elements in the sewer networks, graph characteristics are used. With an evaluation of 2,000 different alpine combined sewer systems, it was found that, as expected, with CSOs at more downstream positions in the network, greater construction costs and better performance regarding CSO efficiency result. At a specific point (i.e. topological network position), no significant difference (further increase) in construction costs can be identified. Contrarily, the flooding efficiency increases with more upstream positions of the CSOs. Therefore, CSO and flooding efficiency are in a trade-off conflict and a compromise is required.

scholarly journals To The Covid-19 Pandemic Experience: A View from Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Maksimov ◽  
Natalia Prodanova ◽  
Anatoliy Kolesnikov ◽  
Aleksandr Melnikov ◽  
Ona Grazyna Rakauskiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Health Care Organization ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

In the presented work, an attempt to assess the correlation between the performance indicators of several sectors of the Russian economy and a set of restrictive measures taken by the Government of our country against the backdrop of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is made. In addition, a comparative analysis of the impact of this pandemic on the neighboring countries of Russia, which, in the recent past, were part of the USSR and, therefore, have similar health care organization structures, is carried out.

scholarly journals From Covid “today” to low-carbon “tomorrow”: analysis of foreign forecasts for the development of world energy

Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Alexey M. Mastepanov
Keyword(s):  
Primary Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
Analytical Centers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The article is devoted to the analysis of forecasts of the world energy development made recently (from September 2020 to May 2021) by the world’s leading analytical centers, taking into account “the new reality” – the coronavirus pandemic. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the development of the world economy and energy consumption and the estimates of its consequences on long-term global economic growth made in various forecasts and prognostic studies are considered. It is shown that the priority of most of the prognostic estimates of the world consumption of primary energy resources made by the world’s leading analytical centers in recent years is a sharp reduction in CO2 emissions by energy and stabilization of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in order to prevent negative climate changes on our planet. A conditional classification of scenarios for the prospective development of global energy is given, depending on the ideology that is embedded in them, an analysis of the fulfilled forecasts is given. It is concluded that Russian research structures need to develop their own similar forecasts.

Recent advances in the corpus-based study of ongoing grammatical change in English

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Mair
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Conscious Awareness ◽  
Modal Verbs ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Grammatical Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Abstract Comparing early and current corpus-based work on ongoing grammatical change in English, the present study argues that progress tends to manifest itself in the more comprehensive and systematic coverage of changes known to be under way rather than in the discovery of genuinely new diachronic processes. As will be shown in two case studies on modal/semi-modal verbs and the progressive, there are three reasons for this. First, corpus research on ongoing change has been helped by increases in the size of available corpora and even more so by better coverage of spoken English. Secondly, researchers have a much wider range of statistical methods to choose from. Thirdly, conceptual advances have been made in theoretical models of change, particularly with regard to the impact of language ideologies and prescriptivism. In the study of ongoing changes, the corpus-based approach remains indispensable because it remedies the errors of impressionistic observation and helps shift attention from a small number of shibboleths important to prescriptivists to the groundswell of grammatical change that generally proceeds below the level of speakers’ conscious awareness.

On Scientific Realism and Instrumentalism in Manoeuvring Target Modelling and Tracking

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Sankowski
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Tracking Filter ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

On Scientific Realism and Instrumentalism in Manoeuvring Target Modelling and Tracking The basic problem of tracking manoeuvring moving objects (e.g. aircrafts, ships) lies in unpredictability of object manoeuvres, with respect to the time of occurrence, duration and the type of trajectory. In this paper most representative methods of modelling and state estimation techniques applied to Manoeuvring Target Tracking (MTT) are briefly reviewed. Classification of existing approaches is made in the context of realistic and instrumentalistic paradigms of the philosophy of science. A practical example is also given that shows the impact of selecting models and estimation methods on the performance of the tracking filter for Air Traffic Control (ATC) radar.

scholarly journals Energy Reduction with Application of Shaft in Water Supply Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anujkumar Ghorpade ◽  
Abhishek kumar Sinha ◽  
Pradip Kalbar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Hydraulic Principle ◽  
Water Transmission ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A Water Transmission Network (WTN) conveying raw water from a source to the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is often pumped supply. Pumped supply-based networks have more energy consumption, water hammer, and high operation and maintenance compared to gravity systems. The present study reports the application of a Shaft in WTN for improving the efficiency of the pumping system. The Shaft is a hydraulic isolation structure based on a similar hydraulic principle as Break Pressure Tank (BPT). The benefits of using Shaft are quantified based on the two case studies from Maharashtra, India. The impact of Shaft on the WTN is reported using energy grade lines, energy performance indicators, and life cycle energy cost. In addition to the reduction in energy consumption, from the case studies, it is shown that the system’s carrying capacity could be increased by using the Shaft at an appropriate location in WTN. Overall, a Shaft provides operational flexibility to the operators, improving the efficiency of the system.

scholarly journals Dalla formazione in scenografia alla Rai. Giosetta Fioroni costumista e Pino Pascali scenografo per la nascente televisione italiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Academic Training ◽  
Commissioned Works ◽  
Artistic Career ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

Giosetta Fioroni and Pino Pascali have worked in different years for the nascent national television. Fioroni was engaged as a costume designer between 1955 and 1957; while Pascali as set designer between 1963-1967. For both – educated in scenography at the Academy of Fine Arts in Rome – these commissioned works precede their debut as research artists. The programs examined, Gli interessi creati and Biblioteca di Studio Uno, represent case studies of Fioroni and Pascali's way of working with the scenic and then with the television language. This contribution intends to examine the works commissioned by Rai to Giosetta Fioroni and Pino Pascali, highlighting how these episodes are exemplary to understand the impact of the academic training from the intermediate stage of their artistic career, up to the synthesis made in the mature works of the two artists.

scholarly journals The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclone Lili (1996) and Its Crucial Contribution to a Moderate Extratropical Development

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1562-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Agustí-Panareda ◽  
Suzanne L. Gray ◽  
George C. Craig ◽  
Chris Thorncroft
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Extratropical Transition ◽  
The North ◽  
Potential Vorticity Inversion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The transition that a tropical cyclone experiences as it moves into the extratropical environment (known as extratropical transition) can result in the decay or intensification of a baroclinic cyclone. The extratropical transition (ET) of Tropical Cyclone Lili (1996) in the North Atlantic resulted in a moderate extratropical development of a baroclinic cyclone. The impact of Lili in the extratropical development that occurred during its ET is investigated. Numerical experiments are performed using potential vorticity inversion and the Met Office Unified Model to forecast the extratropical development with and without the tropical cyclone in the initial conditions. In contrast with other case studies in the literature, Lili is shown to play a crucial role during its ET in the development of a baroclinic cyclone that occurred in the same region. A hypothesis of the possible scenarios of ET is presented that links the case-to-case variability of ET case studies in the literature with a classification of the life cycles of baroclinic cyclones.

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