Deep tunnel sewerage system phase 2 – hydraulics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-422
Author(s):  
D. Brocard ◽  
S. J. Gan ◽  
L. Y. Koh ◽  
T. W. Tan ◽  
W. I. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Deep Tunnel ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Tunnel Section ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
System Phase

Abstract The Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS) is aimed at providing a robust and efficient means of catering to Singapore's used-water needs. DTSS2 is the second phase of this project, comprising an approximately 30-km long South Tunnel, a 10-km long Industrial Tunnel, 60-km of Link Sewers and a new Water Reclamation Plant integrated with a NEWater facility. In contrast with tunnels designed to store overflows in combined sewer systems, the DTSS tunnels convey used-water all the time from Singapore's separated system. This paper describes hydraulic analyses that were conducted during the feasibility study and preliminary design. The topics covered include hydraulic modelling of the entire system with the main goal of ensuring system resilience, air management to avoid odours at ground level, and isolation of tunnel section using gates for potential maintenance or repair. The resilience analyses concentrated on the system functionality in case of a failure, to ensure that used-water can be safely conveyed to a treatment plant. The air management system included several odour control facilities and air jumpers to avoid escape of odorous air from the system and the isolation gates requires detailed hydraulic analyses to cater to the high heads involved.

scholarly journals Assessing the efficiency of different CSO positions based on network graph characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1574-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sitzenfrei ◽  
C. Urich ◽  
M. Möderl ◽  
W. Rauch
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Units ◽  
Sewer Networks

The technical design of urban drainage systems comprises two major aspects: first, the spatial layout of the sewer system and second, the pipe-sizing process. Usually, engineers determine the spatial layout of the sewer network manually, taking into account physical features and future planning scenarios. Before the pipe-sizing process starts, it is important to determine locations of possible weirs and combined sewer overflows (CSOs) based on, e.g. distance to receiving water bodies or to a wastewater treatment plant and available space for storage units. However, positions of CSOs are also determined by topological characteristics of the sewer networks. In order to better understand the impact of placement choices for CSOs and storage units in new systems, this work aims to determine case unspecific, general rules. Therefore, based on numerous, stochastically generated virtual alpine sewer systems of different sizes it is investigated how choices for placement of CSOs and storage units have an impact on the pipe-sizing process (hence, also on investment costs) and on technical performance (CSO efficiency and flooding). To describe the impact of the topological positions of these elements in the sewer networks, graph characteristics are used. With an evaluation of 2,000 different alpine combined sewer systems, it was found that, as expected, with CSOs at more downstream positions in the network, greater construction costs and better performance regarding CSO efficiency result. At a specific point (i.e. topological network position), no significant difference (further increase) in construction costs can be identified. Contrarily, the flooding efficiency increases with more upstream positions of the CSOs. Therefore, CSO and flooding efficiency are in a trade-off conflict and a compromise is required.

Singapore Deep Tunnel Sewerage System Phase 2 Air Flow Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
pp. 5492-5500
Author(s):  
Dominique Brocard ◽  
Woo Lai Lynn ◽  
Herman Ching ◽  
Simon Cheng ◽  
Moorthy Dhakshina
Keyword(s):  
Air Flow ◽  
Deep Tunnel ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
System Phase

Evaluation of total emissions from treatment plants and combined sewer overflows

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Guderian ◽  
Andreas Durchschlag ◽  
Jürgen Bever
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Combined Sewer

Based upon the connection of a simulation program for combined sewer systems with the IAWQ-Activated Sludge Model No.1 the new simulation tool GEMINI was developed, which allows the calculation of sewer and sewage treatment plant as a unit. Some obtained results are presented in an example. They suggest, that for every treatment plant a rate of inflow is determinable, which leads to a minimum of total emissions out of sewer and treatment plant. The optimal value of sewage treatment plant inflow in the example is distinctly greater than the design flow rate fixed in German design rules. So it is recognizable that a rigid flow management for sewer and treatment plant does not always fulfil the aim of minimization of total emissions.

scholarly journals Influence of the amount of inflowing wastewater on concentrations of pollutions contained in the wastewater in the Nowy Targ sewerage system

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 00024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwira Nowobilska-Majewska ◽  
Piotr Bugajski
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Sewerage Network ◽  
Raw Wastewater

This study presents the results of the analysis concerning the influence of the amount of inflowing wastewater on concentrations of organic and biogenic pollutants, as well as chromium ions in wastewater flowing into the collective sewage treatment plant in Nowy Targ. The research was carried out in 2016 and 2017, where in the period of 24 months a total number of 87 wastewater samples were collected in order to determine the concentration of the analyzed pollution indicators. During this period, the average daily inflow of wastewater to the sewage treatment plant was also analyzed. Based on the analysis of linear correlation, it was stated that there is a high dependence of concentrations of organic and biogenic pollutants on the amount of inflowing raw wastewater. Furthermore, it was found that there is an average dependence of chromium ion concentrations in raw wastewater on the amount of inflowing wastewater. In order to minimize the high variability of the concentration of pollutants in raw wastewater, it is recommended to reconstruct the sewerage system from the combined sewer system to the distribution system. Additionally, it is recommended to monitor the sewerage network in order to eliminate illegal inflows of rainwater and industrial wastewater from furrier’s production facility.

Balancing water quality and flows in combined sewer systems using real-time control

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1357-1369
Author(s):  
Sara C. Troutman ◽  
Nancy G. Love ◽  
Branko Kerkez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
System P ◽  
Combined Sewer

An open-source control algorithm for combined sewers demonstrates how treatment plant benefits can be balanced with operation of the collection system.

An integrated approach for improving the wastewater discharge and treatment systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pfister ◽  
A. Stein ◽  
S. Schlegel ◽  
B. Teichgräber
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Model Components ◽  
Research Studies

Since treatment plants have been built all over Germany during the last decades, the water quality of receiving streams has been improved remarkably. But there are still a lot of quality problems left, which are caused e.g. by combined sewer overflows (CSO), treatment plant effluents or rainwater discharges from separate sewer systems. At present different efforts are undertaken to control sewer systems in order to improve the operation of urban drainage systems or more generally, design processes. The Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband (EG/LV) are carrying out research studies, which are focusing on a minimization of total emissions from sewer systems both from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and from CSO. They consider dynamic interactions between rainfall, resultant wastewater, combined sewers, WWTP and receiving streams. Therefore, in an advanced wastewater treatment, a model-based improvement of WWTP operation becomes more and more essential, and consequently a highly qualified operational staff is needed. Some aspects of the current research studies are presented in this report. The need and the use of an integrated approach to combine existing model components in order to optimize dynamic management of combined sewer systems (CSS) with a benefit for nature are outlined.

Field campaign on sediment transport behaviour in a pressure main from pumping station to wastewater treatment plant in Berlin

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2025-2033
Author(s):  
M. Gunkel ◽  
E. Pawlowsky-Reusing
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Transport Behaviour

As part of the project KURAS, the Berliner Wasserbetriebe realized a field campaign in 2015 in order to increase the process knowledge regarding the behaviour of transported sediment in the pressure main leading from the pumpstation to the wastewater treatment plant. The field campaign was conducted because of a lack of knowledge about the general condition of the pressure main due to its bad accessibility and the suspicion of deposits caused by hydraulic underload. The practical evidence of the sediment transport performance of this part of the sewer system, dependent on different load cases, should present a basis for further analysis, for example regarding flushing measures. A positive side-effect of the investigation was the description of the amount of pollutants caused by different weather conditions in combined sewer systems and the alterations of the sewage composition due to biogenic processes during transport. The concept included the parallel sampling of the inflow at the pumpstation and the outflow at the end of the pressure main during different weather conditions. By calculating the inflow to the pressure main, as well as its outflow at different flow conditions, it was possible to draw conclusions in regard to the transport behaviour of sediment and the bioprocesses within an 8.5 km section of the pressure main. The results show clearly that the effects of sedimentation and remobilization depend on the flow conditions. The balance of the total suspended solids (TSS) load during daily variations in dry weather shows that the remobilization effect during the run-off peak is not able to compensate for the period of sedimentation happening during the low flow at night. Based on the data for dry weather, an average of 238 kg of TSS deposits in the pressure main remains per day. The remobilization of sediment occurs only due to the abruptly increased delivery rates caused by precipitation events. These high pollution loads lead to a sudden strain at the wastewater treatment plant. It was found that the sediment transport behaviour is characterized by sedimentation up to a flow velocity of 0.35 m/s, while remobilization effects occur above 0.5 m/s. The assumption of bad sediment transport performance in the pressure main was confirmed. Therefore, the results can be used as a basis for further analysis, for example regarding periodical flushing as a means of cleaning the pressure main. The findings, especially regarding the methods and processes, are transferable and can be applied to other pressure mains in combined sewer systems. Besides the outlined evaluation of the sediment transport behaviour of the pressure main, the collected data were used in the project to calibrate a sewer system model, including a water quality model for the catchment area, and as a contribution towards an early physically based sediment transport modelling in InfoWorks CS.

A new database on urban runoff pollution: comparison of separate and combined sewer systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Brombach ◽  
G. Weiss ◽  
S. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Separate System ◽  
Receiving Waters

For a long time people have questioned what the “best” sewer system is for limiting the pollution load released into the receiving waters. In this paper the traditional separate and combined sewer systems are compared using a pollution load balance. The investigation is based on measured concentration data for a range of pollutant parameters in the sewer from the new database “ATV-DVWK Datenpool 2001”. The approach also accounted for the wastewater treatment plant outflow which contributes to the total pollutant load considerably. In spite of a number of neglected effects, the results show that the separate system is superior to the combined for some parameters only, such as nutrients, whereas for other parameters, e.g. heavy metals and COD, the combined system yields less total loads. Any uncritical preference of the separate system as a particularly advantageous solution is thus questionable. Individual investigations case by case are recommended.

Infiltration and inflow in combined sewer systems: long-term analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Weiß ◽  
H. Brombach ◽  
B. Haller
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Stormwater Treatment ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Insight Into

A study was conducted on 34 German combined sewer systems including combined sewer overflow (CSO) tanks and treatment plant to show up actual hidden reserves and bottlenecks in stormwater treatment. The study gave also a general insight into the water pathways in urban hydrology. A special focus was given to undesired non-polluted water infiltrating into the sewer, labelled infiltration and inflow (I/I) or infiltration inflows, which is widely underestimated. It leads to a bad performance of the drainage system although the parasite waters are themselves non-polluted. In existing combined systems, pollution control can be considerably improved by reducing I/I. It is equivalent to the reduction of surface runoff e.g. by a separate drainage as frequently proposed alternative. Artificial infiltration of surface runoff may even increase infiltration inflows.

First estimation of occurrence and fate of organic substances in combined sewer systems with pollution load simulations

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Welker
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Combined Sewer

Emissions of selected organic substances from a hypothetical combined sewer system are calculated by pollution load simulation. The results are subsequently discussed. First, representative concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (NH4-N) and eight selected organics (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), isoproturone, Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), ibuprofen, 17-ß-estradiol (E2), 17-a-ethinylestradiol (EE2), ethyl-enediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilo triaceticacid (NTA)) in dry weather flow, surface runoff and effluent of WWTP in combined sewer systems are stated based on a literature survey. The second part of the paper presents pollution load simulations and first calculations of possible dis-tributions of organics in combined sewer systems for a hypothetical catchment. Different scenarios of annual discharge loads of main emission matrices of the catchment (waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent and combined sewer overflow (CSO)) are compared to determine significant dis-charge points. The results of the pollution load simulations show that generally discharges from the WWTP dominate the total emissions of combined sewer systems. Nevertheless, emissions from CSOs are not negligible in some cases (e.g. for estradiol). In summary, the results give first indications about possible strategies to reduce pollutant emissions from combined sewer systems. The paper also formulates recommendations for the selected organic compounds.

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