Oxygen Requirements of Fishes in Northern Alberta Rivers with a General Review of the Adverse Effects of Low Dissolved Oxygen

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Barton ◽  
Barry R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Surface Film ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Oxygen Requirements ◽  
Northern Alberta ◽  
Low Do

Abstract Sublethal responses of fish to low dissolved oxygen (DO) include changes in cardiac function, increased respiratory and metabolic activity, alterations in blood chemistry, mobilization of anaerobic energy pathways, upset in acid-base balance, reduced growth and decreased swimming capacity. Lowered final temperature preferenda and avoiding low DO are behavioral responses, and under extreme conditions, fish may take advantage of oxygen-rich surface film water. Low DO can affect invertebrate communities by causing selective mortality or inducing drift, which may affect fish production. The presence of pollutants can exacerbate responses to low DO with the effect of raising the threshold DO at which such responses occur. Based on published literature, northern Alberta riverine fishes are grouped into four categories of acute lethal sensitivity. However, chronic DO requirements are far more important to long-term maintenance of healthy fish communities than acute tolerances. Defining chronic DO criteria for northern fishes is complicated by long periods of winter ice cover, possible presence of pulp mill effluent, and lack of information on many regional species. Although previously recommended criteria should provide a reasonable level of protection for fish, any reduction in DO below saturation will cause some production impairment within the aquatic community.

scholarly journals Low-dissolved-oxygen nitrification in tropical sewage: an investigation on potential, performance and functional microbial community

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 2274-2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. How ◽  
S. Y. Lim ◽  
P. B. Lim ◽  
A. M. Aris ◽  
G. C. Ngoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Low Do

Abstract Intensive aeration for nitrification is a major energy consumer in sewage treatment plants (STPs). Low-dissolved-oxygen (low-DO) nitrification has the potential to lower the aeration demand. However, the applicability of low-DO nitrification in the tropical climate is not well-understood. In this study, the potential of low-DO nitrification in tropical setting was first examined using batch kinetic experiments. Subsequently, the performance of low-DO nitrification was investigated in a laboratory-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) for 42 days using real tropical sewage. The batch kinetic experiments showed that the seed sludge has a relatively high oxygen affinity. Thus, the rate of nitrification was not significantly reduced at low DO concentrations (0.5 mg/L). During the operation of the low-DO nitrification SBR, 90% of NH4-N was removed. The active low-DO nitrification was mainly attributed to the limited biodegradable organics in the sewage. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed the nitrifiers were related to Nitrospira genus and Nitrosomonadaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis suggests 47% of the operational taxonomic units in Nitrospira genus are closely related to a comammox bacteria. This study has demonstrated active low-DO nitrification in tropical setting, which is a more sustainable process that could significantly reduce the energy footprint of STPs.

Nutritional Factors in the Biochemical Pathology of Corynebacterial Kidney Disease in the Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Wedemeyer ◽  
A. J. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Biochemical Pathology

The influence of diet ingredient on the morbidity and biochemical pathogenesis of corynebacterial kidney disease was investigated using juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) fed the Abernathy dry ration made up with either corn gluten or cottonseed meal (isoprotein, isocaloric substitution). Evaluation of incidence of infection, pituitary activation and aspects of carbohydrate metabolism, acid-base balance, renal function, and hematopoietic activity showed that the actual disease incidence was about the same for both diets but the nonspecific stress of infection was more severe in fish fed the corn gluten.Discriminant function calculations combining four physiological parameters gave a probability of 0.86 for successfully diagnosing infected fish on the basis of these blood chemistry tests.

Use of the Duotron Transporter High Frequency Ventilator During Neonatal Transport

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina Honey ◽  
Tammy Bleak ◽  
Tracy Karp ◽  
Amy MacRitchie ◽  
Donald Null,
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
High Frequency Ventilation ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Neonatal Transport ◽  
Transport Team ◽  
Frequency Ventilation ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Transport Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

In the past, transport of neonates with severe respiratory failure was hampered by the lack of an appropriate transport ventilator capable of providing high frequency ventilation (HFV). This article reports on the experiences of the Intermountain Health Care Life Flight Program in selecting a high frequency ventilator and preparing the transport team members for its use. Once the use of the Duotron ventilator was initiated, pre- and posttransport data were collected for the first 134 neonates requiring HFV on transport. Analysis of the data determined that 96 percent of the infants were successfully transported using the Duotron ventilator. Inspired oxygen requirements stayed the same or improved in the majority of intubated patients for whom comparison data were available. Ventilation and acid-base balance improved. Although HFV has been a common therapy in neonatal care for some time, its adoption for use during transport required modification and considerable education for transport team members.

scholarly journals Enhanced nitrite accumulation under mainstream conditions by a combination of free ammonia-based sludge treatment and low dissolved oxygen: reactor performance and microbiome analysis

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2049-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Yu ◽  
Zhiyong Tian ◽  
Jiane Zuo ◽  
Yonghui Song
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Free Ammonia ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Low Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Microbiome Analysis ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Low Do

An introduction of the combination of side-stream sludge treatment using FA and low DO could more effectively enhance nitrite accumulation than single low DO.

Some Blood Chemistry Values for the Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Wedemeyer ◽  
K. Chatterton
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Base Balance

Overlapping Gaussian distribution curves were resolved into normal ranges for 1800 clinical test values obtained from caudal arterial blood or plasma of more than 1000 juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) held under defined conditions of diet and temperature. Estimated normal blood chemistry ranges were bicarbonate, 9.5–12.6 mEq/liter; blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 0.9–3.4 mg/100 ml; chloride, 122–136 mEq/liter; cholesterol, 88–262 mg/100 ml;pCO2, 2.6–6.1 mm Hg (10 C); glucose, 41–135 mg/100 ml; hematocrit, 32.5–52.5%; hemoglobin, 6.5–9.9 g/100 ml; total protein, 1.4–4.3 g/100 ml; blood pH (10 C), 7.51–7.83. The calculated range of normal acid–base balance vs. water temperature is also presented.

Cumulative effects of multiple effluent and low dissolved oxygen stressors on mayflies at cold temperatures

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1624-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B Lowell ◽  
Joseph M Culp
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Artificial Streams ◽  
Baetis Tricaudatus ◽  
Low Do

Effluents produced by pulp mills and sewage plants on northern rivers have the potential for a variety of interacting effects on downstream benthic invertebrates via increased levels of toxicants and nutrients and decreased levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the substratum. We experimentally measured the combined effects of these stressors at low temperature (4.5°C) on a common northern river invertebrate, the mayfly Baetis tricaudatus Dodds. Mayflies were exposed in laboratory artificial streams to one of two DO levels (low (5 mg·L-1) versus high (11 mg·L-1)) in the presence and absence of pulp mill and sewage effluent from an Alberta, Canada, mixed-effluent outfall (control river water versus 1% effluent); the DO and effluent treatments bracketed typical field concentrations. In the low-DO treatment, grazing intensity was reduced by 80%, and after 2 weeks of exposure, survival was reduced by 60-90%. Furthermore, 250-350% more mayflies in the low-DO treatment moved upward into regions of greater current velocity close to the surface of the artificial streams, a behavior that would likely make them more susceptible to fish predation in the field. In contrast, the 1% effluent treatment increased mayfly survival (possibly due, in part, to stimulation of increased mayfly grazing intensity by the effluent), although this effect only partly compensated for the pronounced negative impact of low DO levels.

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