Arsenic Adsorptive Media Technology Selection Strategies

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Westerhoff ◽  
Michelle De Haan ◽  
Alan Martindale ◽  
Mohammad Badruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Column Tests ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption

Abstract More stringent arsenic regulations are requiring water utilities of all sizes to install treatment systems on wells which historically only had chlorination. A case study is presented for evaluating arsenic adsorption media at a well site in Mesa, Arizona, but the approach and methodological conclusions are transferable to any arsenic treatment system. The goal of this project is to develop a comprehensive, cost-effective and rapid approach for selecting arsenic adsorptive media. Batch laboratory tests, labscale continuous flow column tests and pilot-scale tests were conducted to evaluate removal efficiency, robustness, operational benefits and cost effectiveness of eight different commercially available adsorbents. Batch tests conducted at multiple pH levels provided limited benefit when compared against continuous flow rapid small-scale column tests (RSSCTs) to evaluate arsenic removal capability by different media. Breakthrough curves of arsenic, vanadium, silica and other trace metals corresponded well between lab-scale RSSCT and field-based pilot scale, suggesting that RSSCTs offer a timesaving approach for adsorptive media selection. Leaching tests on spent media verified that media could be safely disposed and high-resolution microscopic analysis indicated that calcium and silica accumulate on media surfaces and affect the longevity of arsenic removal systems.

Pilot-Scale Performance of Iron and Arsenic Removal from Contaminated Groundwater

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswaranjan Manna ◽  
Uday Chand Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Hand Pump ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract Pilot-scale performance in reducing excess iron and arsenic from contaminated groundwater has been systematically reported. Here, a double column unit, the first packed with β-MnO2 and the second with crystalline FeOOH (goethite variety), with filters attached to the outlet of hand-pump tube-wells has been used in the field. Results showed that the filters generate 10,000 to 15,000 BV and 19,000 to 35,000 BV water with iron ≤ 0.3 mg/L and arsenic ≤10 µg/L from groundwater having influent iron and arsenic levels of 3.75 to 7.25 mg/L and 70 to 220 µg/L, respectively. The downflow rate of effluent water was 237.6 to 305.5 L/m2-min. The performance results were achieved with a single charging of the iron and arsenic removal media. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) tests of the waste (arsenic content: 2.4 g/kg) showed that it is not hazardous to the environment and does not pose any risk to users. Cost evaluation showed $US0.50 to 0.70 per 1000 gallons of treated water and, hence, the technology is cost-effective for countries such as India and Bangladesh.

Subsurface iron and arsenic removal: low-cost technology for community-based water supply in Bangladesh

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2702-2709 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van Halem ◽  
S. G. J. Heijman ◽  
R. Johnston ◽  
I. M. Huq ◽  
S. K. Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Oxidation Zone ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Competing Anions ◽  
Tube Well

The principle of subsurface or in situ iron and arsenic removal is that aerated water is periodically injected into an anoxic aquifer through a tube well, displacing groundwater containing Fe(II). An oxidation zone is created around the tube well where Fe(II) is oxidised. The freshly formed iron hydroxide surfaces provide new sorption sites for soluble Fe(II) and arsenic. The system's efficiency is determined based on the ratio between abstracted volume with reduced iron/arsenic concentrations (V) and the injected volume (Vi). In the field study presented in this paper, the small-scale application of this technology was investigated in rural Bangladesh. It was found that at small injection volumes (<1 m3) iron removal was successful and became more effective with every successive cycle. For arsenic, however, the system did not prove to be very effective yet. Arsenic retardation was only limited and breakthrough of 10 μg/L (WHO guideline) was observed before V/Vi=1, which corresponds to arrival of groundwater at the well. Possible explanations for insufficient arsenic adsorption are the short contact times within the oxidation zone, and the presence of competing anions, like phosphate.

scholarly journals Application of GETFLOWS Coupled with Chemical Reactions to Arsenic Removal through Ferrihydrite Coprecipitation in an Artificial Wetland of a Japanese Closed Mine

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Kato ◽  
Yohei Kawasaki ◽  
Masakazu Kadokura ◽  
Kohei Suzuki ◽  
Yasuhiro Tawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Uranium Mine ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Artificial Wetland ◽  
Ferrous Oxidation

Passive systems that utilize a natural power such as a pond, plant, or microorganisms, is expected to be a cost-effective method for acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment. The Ningyo-toge mine, a non-operational uranium mine located in Okayama Prefecture, Japan, generates AMD containing arsenic and iron. To quantitatively study arsenic and iron ion removal in an artificial wetland and pond, chemical reactions were modeled and incorporated into the GETFLOWS (general-purpose terrestrial fluid-flow simulator) software. The chemical reaction models consisted of arsenite and ferrous oxidation equations and arsenic adsorption on ferrihydrite. The X-ray diffraction analysis of sediment samples showed ferrihydrite patterns. These results were consistent with the model for arsenite/ferrous oxidation and arsenic adsorption on ferrihydrite. Geofluid simulation was conducted to simulate mass transfer with the utilized topographic model, inlet flow rate, precipitation, and evaporation. The measured arsenic and iron ions concentrations in solution samples from the wetland and pond, fitted well with the model. This indicated that the main removal mechanism was the oxidation of arsenite/ferrous ions and that arsenic was removed by adsorption rather than dilution.

scholarly journals Assessment of the breakthrough of micropollutants in full-scale granular activated carbon adsorbers by rapid small-scale column tests and a novel pilot-scale sampling approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2742-2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Merle ◽  
Detlef R. U. Knappe ◽  
Wouter Pronk ◽  
Bernadette Vogler ◽  
Juliane Hollender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Column Tests ◽  
Sampling Approach

This study aimed to compare three approaches for predicting the service life of full-scale GAC adsorbers for the removal of micropollutants.

scholarly journals Does size matter: scaling a composting experiment

2019 ◽  
pp. 365-373
Author(s):  
Mait Kriipsalu ◽  
Diauddin Nammari
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Oily Sludge ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Size Matter

Composting has been considered one of the simplest and most cost-effective methods forbiotreatment of oily soil, sludge and sediments. By nature, composting is a large-scaleprocess, where certain mass is needed to retain heat and moisture. In order to optimizecomposting, especially with oily wastes, various experiments may be necessary. To representthe composting process in small scale, in particular the magnitude and duration of temperatureprofiles, adequate scaling is required. Small-scale composting experiments were conducted inorder to be able to analyze the scaling-up effects of laboratory and pilot-scale experimentsinto full-scale composting. Four naturally ventilated box reactors of different volumes: 2L,20L, 200L, and lO00L were used. The compost mixture consisted of oily sediments, sawdust,and peat. The temperature of all compost mixtures was recorded daily at the centre andsurface of each compost box, during a period of ten months. It was found, that the reactorswith a volume � 200L and a surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) 2': I 0: I, showed no differencebetween surface and centre temperature. The heat generated was lost to the surroundings at ahigher rate than could be sustained by the biomass. While the IO00L experiment with a SA:Vratio in the range of 6.0: I produced pronounced self heating. The results were in accordanceto the SA:V ratios and their relationship to heat generation and dissipation as shown inscientific literature. The results obtained, show that laboratory experiments with self-heatingreactors of SA:V ratio 2':I 0: I containing oily-sludge should not be used to simulate full scale,since the results are impossible to verify. In order to carry out reliable experiments simulatingfull scale composting processes in inexpensive self-heating reactors, it is suggested not toproceed with laboratory scale, but conduct properly insulated pilot-scale experiments withSA:V � 6.0:1.

Speciation and Removal of Arsenic in column packed with chitosan

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Benavente ◽  
Marcos Arévalo ◽  
Joaquín Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Removal Of Arsenic

The arsenic speciation and arsenic removal in chitosan packed column were studied. Arsenic removal experiments were carried out with an arsenic standard solution (1.0 mg/l) and drilled well water samples from Limon Mine Community at different pH, water flowrate, and volume of adsorbent material. The simulation of arsenic speciation was carried out at a pH range from 0 to 12, a temperature of 25ºC, a pE equal to 4, and a total arsenic concentration of 1.34 x 10-5 mol kg-1. According to speciation calculations arsenic is found mainly in oxidized form in the conditions of Limon Mine’s drilled well waters, dihydrogen arsenate ion (H2AsO4-), and hydrogen arsenate ion (HAsO42-) being the major species. The experiments showed that arsenic adsorption depends mainly on the pH as well as the activity of functional groups that compose the chitosan structure. At pH 3 and volume of adsorbent material of 337.8 cm3 an adsorption of 94% was obtained from arsenic standard solution, and the arsenic present in the Limon Community’s water was almost totally removed at pH 3 and 7. The use of the results for designing purposes demands the breakthrough curves for chitosan to be determined.

Urban pollution control strategy: SBR technology to treat agricultural waste from pig farm in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Number Of Customers

Reduction of food rations and shortages is one of the impacts of the increasing human population. Food sector industries then try to cope with the fast growing number of customers. Agribusiness sector gains its popularity in these recent years, including pig farm. The increase trend of animal farming industry is likely to bring increasing pollution problem unless effective treatment methods are used. The main problems related to the pig farm include odor nuisance and pig manure disposal. The existing land application of piggery wastewater is the traditional way to discharge the wastewater. This may yield in land and water contamination, due to the accumulation of unused nutrients by crop plant. A case study of a large commercial pig farm from Australia is proposed to apply in smaller scale in Indonesia. Operational strategies for the small-scale SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) treating piggery effluent were developed based on lab-scale experiments. Due to SBR characteristics, which are money-saving and space-saving, it is very suitable to be applied in urban area. An economic evaluation was made of various process options. The cost estimation showed that SBR is a cost effective process, allowing operational batches to be adjusted to reduce unnecessary aeration cost. A reduction in the aeration cost was achieved by shortening the batch time from 24-h to 8-h. A comparison of three different SBR options showed that smaller size reactors could be more flexible and cost effective when compared with the larger ones.

As(III) Removal by Dynamic Adsorption onto Amberlite XAD7 Functionalized with Crown Ether and Doped with Fe(III) Ions

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2330-2334
Author(s):  
Mihaela Ciopec ◽  
Adina Negrea ◽  
Narcis Duteanu ◽  
Corneliu Mircea Davidescu ◽  
Iosif Hulka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
World Health ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health Organization

Arsenic content in groundwater�s present a wide range of concentration, ranging from hundreds of micrograms to thousands of micrograms of arsenic per litter, while the maximum permitted arsenic concentration established by World Health Organization (WHO) is 10 mg L-1. According to the WHO all people, regardless of their stage of development and their social economic condition, have the right to have access to adequate drinking water. The most efficient and economic technique used for arsenic removal is represented by adsorption. In order to make this remediation technique more affordable and environmentally friendly is important to new materials with advance adsorbent properties. Novelty of present paper is represented by the usage of a new adsorbent material obtained by physical - chemical modification of Amberlite XAD polymers using crown ethers followed by iron doping, due to well-known affinity of arsenic for iron ions. Present paper aims to test the obtained modified Amberlite polymer for arsenic removal from real groundwater by using adsorption in a fixed bed column, establishing in this way a mechanism for the adsorption process. During experimental work was studied the influence of competing ions from real water into the arsenic adsorption process.

scholarly journals Growth of Haematococcus pluvialis on a Small-Scale Angled Porous Substrate Photobioreactor for Green Stage Biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1788
Author(s):  
Thanh-Tri Do ◽  
Binh-Nguyen Ong ◽  
Tuan-Loc Le ◽  
Thanh-Cong Nguyen ◽  
Bich-Huy Tran-Thi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Porous Substrate ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Green Stage

In the production of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis, the process of growing algal biomass in the vegetative green stage is an indispensable step in both suspended and immobilized cultivations. The green algal biomass is usually cultured in a suspension under a low light intensity. However, for astaxanthin accumulation, the microalgae need to be centrifuged and transferred to a new medium or culture system, a significant difficulty when upscaling astaxanthin production. In this research, a small-scale angled twin-layer porous substrate photobioreactor (TL-PSBR) was used to cultivate green stage biomass of H. pluvialis. Under low light intensities of 20–80 µmol photons m−2·s−1, algae in the biofilm consisted exclusively of non-motile vegetative cells (green palmella cells) after ten days of culturing. The optimal initial biomass density was 6.5 g·m−2, and the dry biomass productivity at a light intensity of 80 µmol photons m−2·s−1 was 6.5 g·m−2·d−1. The green stage biomass of H. pluvialis created in this small-scale angled TL-PSBR can be easily harvested and directly used as the source of material for the inoculation of a pilot-scale TL-PSBR for the production of astaxanthin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Fe-Mg Binary Oxide for As (III) Adsorption—Synthesis, Characterization and Kinetic Modelling

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Saif Ullah Khan ◽  
Rumman Zaidi ◽  
Feroz Shaik ◽  
Izharul Haq Farooqi ◽  
Ameer Azam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Arsenic Adsorption ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Contaminated Waters

Nanotechnology has received much attention in treating contaminated waters. In the present study, a facile co-precipitation method was employed to synthesize a novel iron and magnesium based binary metal oxide using a stoichiometrically fixed amount of FeNO3.9H2O and MgNO3.6H2O in a proportion of molar concentration 1:1 and was later evaluated in removing As (III) from contaminated waters. Characterization of the prepared nanomaterial was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX) and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS). Experimental studies on batch scale were carried out, examining the effect of varying initial concentrations of metal, adsorbent dosage, application time and initial pH on removal efficiency. Arsenic removal increased on increasing adsorbent dosage (0.1–1 g/L) but trend reversed on increasing initial arsenic concentration attaining qmax of 263.20 mg/g. Adsorption was quite efficient in pH range 4–8. Freundlich fitted better for adsorption isotherm along with following Pseudo-2nd order kinetics. The reusability and effect of co-existing ions on arsenic adsorption, namely SO42−, CO32− and PO43− were also explored with reusability in 1st and 2nd cycles attained adsorptive removal up to 77% and 64% respectively. The prepared nano-adsorbent showed promising results in terms of high arsenic uptake (qmax of 263.20 mg/g) along with facile and cost-effective synthesis. Thus, the co-precipitation technique used in this work is a simple one step procedure without any use of any precursor as compared to most of the other procedures used for synthesis.

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