scholarly journals Investigation of Laboratory-Scale and Pilot-Scale Attached Growth Ammonia Removal Kinetics at Cold Temperature and Low Influent Carbon

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Delatolla ◽  
Nathalie Tufenkji ◽  
Yves Comeau ◽  
Alain Gadbois ◽  
Daniel Lamarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Cold Temperature ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Testing Center ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Abstract A mobile testing center was installed at a lagoon wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at Terrebonne, Canada to investigate the rate of ammonia removal of attached growth treatment systems at 4°C and at low influent carbon concentrations. The testing center housed two laboratory-scale reactors, a pilot-scale BioStyr system (Veolia Water) and a pilot-scale moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) system (Veolia Water). Although the rates of laboratory-scale and the pilot-scale systems demonstrated that the exposure time to low temperature has a significant effect on the kinetics of the system, the ammonia removal rates of all the systems were shown to be significant at 4°C. A strong correlation was demonstrated between the rates of ammonia removal produced by the laboratory-scale reactors, the pilot BioStyr system and pilot MBBR system; thus verifying the scaleup capability of the laboratory-scale reactors and demonstrating that nitrifiers can achieve ammonia removal under cold temperature conditions for elapsed periods of time independent of the reactor design. Finally, the ammonia removal rates of the laboratory-scale systems, the BioStyr pilot system, and the MBBR pilot system were all accurately predicted by a recently proposed Theta model.

The use of algal-bacterial biofilms to enhance nitrification rates in lagoons: experience under laboratory and pilot-scale conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. McLean ◽  
K. Baskaran ◽  
M. A. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Support Material ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Support Surfaces ◽  
Biofilm Support ◽  
Lagoon Systems

Investigations were undertaken at the Western Treatment Plant (WTP), near Melbourne, Australia, to find ways of increasing overall ammonia and nitrogen removal rates in the WTP lagoon systems. Immobilisation of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms was one approach explored. Preliminary tests showed that algal/bacterial biofilms capable of achieving ammonia removal rates of 3 to 4 μg N/cm2·h would form on support surfaces immersed in the WTP lagoons. A laboratory-scale investigation was carried out to characterise the influence of parameters such as pH, temperature, COD level, dissolved oxygen concentration and incubation depth on biofilm performance. This study was followed by a pilot-scale investigation in a series of experimental ponds at the WTP. This compared the performance of three ponds, two containing 9360 m2 and 18240 m2 respectively of a geotextile biofilm support material and one containing no biofilm support material (the control pond). Ammonia removal rates comparable to those obtained in the preliminary tests were obtained when the biofilm support material was within the top 500 mm of the lagoon, i.e. in the photic zone. COD and suspended solids levels in the effluents from the biofilm containing ponds were substantially lower than those in the control pond effluent.

scholarly journals Reuse of treated wastewater using sequencing batch bioreactor for the improvement of wheat growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beenish Saba ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Bushra Zaman ◽  
Imran Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Batch Bioreactor

Reclaimed wastewater reuse for irrigation to crop plants is evaluated in a laboratory-scale experiment to assess growth and water saving potential from natural resources. A prototype laboratory-scale treatment plant was established for this purpose with suspended and attached growth configurations. Chakwal wheat variety was selected to examine growth parameters. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were evaluated to check the quality of treated water. It was found that a suspended growth sequencing batch bioreactor (SGSBBR) achieved 97% ± 2 removal efficiency over a 4 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). For an attached growth sequencing batch bioreactor (AGSBBR) results showed 98% ± 2 removal efficiencies with polyurethane. TN and TP removal efficiency was 58.7 ± 3% and 64 ± 4.8% in SGSBBR, 53 ± 0.17% and 67 ± 2.7% in polyurethane. AGSBBR enhanced performance with AGSBBR may be due to enforced anoxic/aerobic conditions in the inner layers of biofilm formed on biocarriers which facilitate the required metabolic conditions for treating high strength wastewater. Plant growth was visibly greater in SGSBBR treated wastewater than AGSBBR because of less nutrient removal.

KINETICS OF AMMONIA REMOVAL IN A PILOT-SCALE BIOFILTER

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1867-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Kastner ◽  
K. C. Das ◽  
B. Crompton
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Kinetics Of

Ammonia and phosphorus removal in polishing ponds: a case study in Southeast Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K.X. Bastos ◽  
E.N. Rios ◽  
F.L. Dornelas ◽  
F.A.L. Assunção ◽  
L.E. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Shallow Ponds ◽  
Real Scale

Ammonia and phosphorus removal were evaluated over four years monitoring of an experimental wastewater treatment plant in Brazil: initially a UASB reactor (real scale) + three shallow polishing ponds (pilot scale), afterwards a UASB + submerged aerated biofilter (BF) (real scale) + the same pond series. Shallow ponds (h < 0.90m) provided considerable ammonia removal, but phosphorus removal was somewhat poorer. An equation was derived for the estimation of ammonia pond effluent, based on the same assumptions of the well known Pano and Middlebrooks model. According to the experimental data, an effluent suitable for aquaculture should be achieved with retention time of 25 days.

Nutrient removal (nitrogen and phosphorous) in secondary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant by microalgae

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Chan ◽  
Hamidreza Salsali ◽  
Ed McBean
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Total Phosphorous

Microalgae as a feasible option to remove nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) from domestic wastewater treatment plant discharge is demonstrated. Laboratory-scale experiments are described, characterizing nutrient removal of total phosphorous and ammonia by three cultured microalgae strains: Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina maxima, and mixed cultures of naturally growing algae found in wastewater from the Collingwood Wastewater Treatment Plant in Ontario, Canada containing Synechocystis sp. (dominant), Chlorella sp. (common), and a few cells of Scenedesmus sp. Removal of phosphates strongly positively relates to solution pH. Volatilization of ammonia due to increase in pH is not a dominant contributor to overall removal efficiency. Total phosphorous removal rates reached 95.8% and 90.4% for untreated and autoclaved secondary effluent, respectively. Ammonia removal rates reached 94.6% and 86.2% for untreated and autoclaved secondary effluent, respectively. These results demonstrate that use of microalgae represents a sustainable approach to improve removal efficiencies of nutrients in wastewater treatment.

Comparative study of domestic wastewater treatment efficiencies between facultative pond and water spinach pond

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seni Karnchanawong ◽  
Jaras Sanjitt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Mass Removal ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Average Water

Two pilot-scale studies were comparatively conducted under tropical conditions during December 1992 to September 1993. One study involved facultative ponds(FP) and the others water spinach ponds(SP). Four rectangular concrete ponds, 0.8 m × 2.4 m × 1.1 m (width × length × depth), were employed to treat the Chiang Mai University campus wastewater. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was planted in two of the ponds. The influent characteristics noted showed a low organic content, i.e. BOD 25.4-29.9 mg/l, with BOD:N ratio around 1:1. The investigations were conducted using the following hydraulic retention times (HRT): 1.6, 2, 2.7, 4, 8 and 16 d. The results showed that the BOD, COD and SS mass removal rates increased as the mass loading rates increased and the SP was significantly more effective in reducing the organic content than the FP. No relationship was found between TN mass removal and the loading rates. However, the TP mass removal rates in the SP and the FP were rather low and were considered to be insignificant. It was observed that SS accumulated in the water spinach root systems which tended to act as a strainer. This process led to plant growth inhibition and finally die-off. The average water spinach growth rates varied from 37 to 107 g wet wt./(m2.d) and no relationship was established between the growth rates and the HRT.

Ammonia removal in a pilot-scale WSP complex in Northeast Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Soares ◽  
S. A. Silva ◽  
R. de Oliveira ◽  
A. L. C. Araujo ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
High Degree

Ammonia removal was monitored in a waste stabilisation pond complex comprising ponds of different geometries and depths under two different operational regimes. It was found that a high degree of ammonia removal commenced in the secondary maturation ponds, with the highest removals occurring in the shallowest ponds as a consequence of improved aerobic conditions. The tertiary maturation ponds produced effluents with mean ammonia concentrations of < 5 mg N/l, the maximum permitted recommended by Brazilian environmental legislation for the discharge of effluents of wastewater treatment plants into surface waters. Ammonia removal in the secondary facultative and maturation ponds could be modelled using equations based on the volatilization mechanism proposed by Middlebrooks et al. (1982).

Heating up trickling filters to tackle cold weather conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gebert ◽  
P.A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biofilm Support

The investigated effects of heating the filling material in trickling filters were carried out at the Ingolstadt wastewater treatment plant, Germany. Two pilot scale trickling filters were set up. Heat exchanger pipings were embedded in the filter media of one of these trickling filters, and the temperature in the trickling filter was raised. The other trickling filter was operated under normal temperature conditions, and was used as a control. The results clearly demonstrate that the performance of trickling filters cannot be constantly improved by heating the biofilm support media. A sustained increase of the metabolic rates did not occur. The decrease of the solubility of oxgen in water and mass transfer limitations caused by an increase of the biofilm thickness are the main reasons for that. Thus, the heating of trickling filters (e.g. by waste heat utilization) in order to increase the capacity of trickling filters under cold weather conditions cannot be recommended.

Hydrolysis of organic wastewater particles in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilm reactors under anoxic and aerobic conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Janning ◽  
X. Le Tallec ◽  
P. Harremoës
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis and degradation of particulate organic matter has been isolated and investigated in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilters. Wastewater was supplied to biofilm reactors in order to accumulate particulates from wastewater in the filter. When synthetic wastewater with no organic matter was supplied to the reactors, hydrolysis of the particulates was the only process occurring. Results from the laboratory scale experiments under aerobic conditions with pre-settled wastewater show that the initial removal rate is high: rV, O2 = 2.1 kg O2/(m3 d) though fast declining towards a much slower rate. A mass balance of carbon (TOC/TIC) shows that only 10% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 12 hour long experiment. The pilot scale hydrolysis experiment was performed in a new type of biofilm reactor - the B2A® biofilter that is characterised by a series of decreasing sized granular media (80-2.5 mm). When hydrolysis experiments were performed on the anoxic pilot biofilter with pre-screened wastewater particulates as carbon source, a rapid (rV, NO3=0.7 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) and a slowler (rV, NO3 = 0.3 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) removal rate were observed at an oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O2/l. It was found that the pilot biofilter could retain significant amounts of particulate organic matter, reducing the porosity of the filter media of an average from 0.35 to 0.11. A mass balance of carbon shows that up to 40% of the total incoming TOC accumulates in the filter at high flow rates. Only up to 15% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 24 hour long experiment.

Nitrogen removal from wastewater treatment lagoons

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Hurse ◽  
Michael A. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Contour Plot ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Removal Processes

In an attempt to gain a better understanding of ammonia and nitrogen removal processes in multi-pond wastewater treatment lagoons, an analysis was carried out of data obtained during regular monitoring of Lagoon 115E at the Western Treatment Plant in Melbourne. To do this, a contour plot approach was developed that enables the data to be displayed as a function of pond number and date. Superimposition of contour plots for different parameters enabled the dependence of ammonia and nitrogen removal rates on various lagoon characteristics to be readily assessed. The importance of nitrification as an ammonia removal mechanism was confirmed. Temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and algal concentration all had a significant influence on whether or not sizeable nitrifier populations developed and persisted in lagoon waters. The analysis made it evident that a better understanding of microbial, chemical and physical processes in lagoons is needed before their nitrogen removal capabilities can be predicted with confidence.

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